残膜回收机逆向膜土分离装置的设计与参数优化
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摘要
针对土壤耕层多年沉积的残膜力学性能差、膜土分离困难、残膜碎片回收率低的问题,设计了一种链齿式残膜回收机。该机具主要工作部件有捡拾装置和膜土分离装置。机具的作业深度为0～150mm,捡拾装置完成起膜并对膜土进行输送,随后通过逆向膜土分离装置进行分离,最终把残膜运送至集膜箱。以捡拾装置角速度、膜土分离装置角速度、膜土分离装置角度为试验因素,以残膜回收率和含土率为响应值对链齿式残膜回收机进行三因素三水平的二次回归正交试验。通过试验得到了各因素的响应面模型,分析了各因素对作业效果的影响并对各因素进行了优化。结果表明,试验因素对残膜回收率的影响显著顺序为:膜土分离装置角度>捡拾装置角速度>膜土分离装置角速度;试验因素影响含土率的顺序为:膜土分离装置角度>膜土分离装置角速度>捡拾装置角速度;对优化结果进行试验验证得,捡拾装置角速度42 rad/s、膜土分离装置角速度57rad/s、膜土分离装置角度37°时,此时残膜回收率为81.12%,含土率为34.83%;且各个评价指标的试验值与模型优化值的相对误差均小于5%。该机具利用逆向膜土分离装置可以解决膜土分离困难、残膜碎片回收率低的问题,可为后续残膜回收机膜土分离装置机构的研究和优化提供参考。
The widely use of plastic film mulching technology in agriculture increase crop yields and farmers' income. However, with the extensive use of plastic film, the residual film in the soil is also accumulating yearly, and the accumulated residual film is hard to be removed from soil. If the residual film in soil plough layer can-not be timely treated, it will lead to soil fertility decline, resulting in crop yield reduction and soil contamination. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to remove the residual film from soil, especially in the tillage layer. In order to solve the problem of remnant film recovery, according to the characteristics of the remnant film recovery machine, and according to the requirements of the agronomy of plastic film recovery, a chain-tooth residual film recovery machine is designed and manufactured. It is expected that the transport of membrane-soil, reverse separation of membrane-soil and membrane-collecting process can be completed. In this paper, we studied the influence of the parameters of the reverse membrane-soil separator of the chain-tooth residual membrane recovery machine on the separating effect of the membrane-soil. By analyzing the influence of the parameters on the performance of the reverse membrane-soil separator of the chain-tooth residual membrane recovery machine, the optimal working parameters were obtained, which could provide reference for the follow-up study and optimization of the membrane-soil separator. Aiming at the problems of poor mechanical properties of residual film deposited in the soil plough layer for many years, difficult separation of membrane and soil, and low recovery rate of residual film debris, a chain-tooth residual film recovery machine was designed. The main working parts of the machine are picking up device and membrane soil separating device. The working depth of the machine is 0-150 mm. The pickup device completes the membrane pickup and conveys the soil with the plastic membrane. Then the residual membrane is separated by the reverse membrane soil separating device, and finally the residual membrane is transported to the membrane collector. Taking angular velocity of pickup device, angular velocity of membrane-soil separator and angle of membrane-soil separator as experimental factors, quadratic regression orthogonal test of three factors and three levels was carried out in this study on chain-tooth residual membrane recovery machine with response values of residual membrane recovery rate and soil content. The response surface model of each factor was obtained by experiment, and the influence of each factor on the operation effect was analyzed and optimized. The results showed that the order of the factors affecting the recovery of residual membrane was: angle of membrane-soil separator > angular velocity of pickup device > angular velocity of membrane-soil separator. The order of the factors affecting the soil content was: angle of membrane-soil separator > angular velocity of membrane-soil separator > angular velocity of pickup device; and the optimized results were tested. The results showed that the recovery rate of residual membrane was 81.12% and the soil content was 34.83% when the angular velocity of the pickup device was 42 rad/s, the angular velocity of the membrane-soil separator was 57 rad/s and the angle of the membrane-soil separator was 37°, and the relative error between the experimental value of each evaluation index and the optimized value of the model was less than 5%. The reverse membrane-soil separator can solve the problems of difficult membrane-soil separation and low recovery rate of residual membrane fragments. It can provide a reference for further research and optimization of membrane-soil separator mechanism of residual membrane recovery machine.
The widely use of plastic film mulching technology in agriculture increase crop yields and farmers' income. However, with the extensive use of plastic film, the residual film in the soil is also accumulating yearly, and the accumulated residual film is hard to be removed from soil. If the residual film in soil plough layer can-not be timely treated, it will lead to soil fertility decline, resulting in crop yield reduction and soil contamination. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to remove the residual film from soil, especially in the tillage layer. In order to solve the problem of remnant film recovery, according to the characteristics of the remnant film recovery machine, and according to the requirements of the agronomy of plastic film recovery, a chain-tooth residual film recovery machine is designed and manufactured. It is expected that the transport of membrane-soil, reverse separation of membrane-soil and membrane-collecting process can be completed. In this paper, we studied the influence of the parameters of the reverse membrane-soil separator of the chain-tooth residual membrane recovery machine on the separating effect of the membrane-soil. By analyzing the influence of the parameters on the performance of the reverse membrane-soil separator of the chain-tooth residual membrane recovery machine, the optimal working parameters were obtained, which could provide reference for the follow-up study and optimization of the membrane-soil separator. Aiming at the problems of poor mechanical properties of residual film deposited in the soil plough layer for many years, difficult separation of membrane and soil, and low recovery rate of residual film debris, a chain-tooth residual film recovery machine was designed. The main working parts of the machine are picking up device and membrane soil separating device. The working depth of the machine is 0-150 mm. The pickup device completes the membrane pickup and conveys the soil with the plastic membrane. Then the residual membrane is separated by the reverse membrane soil separating device, and finally the residual membrane is transported to the membrane collector. Taking angular velocity of pickup device, angular velocity of membrane-soil separator and angle of membrane-soil separator as experimental factors, quadratic regression orthogonal test of three factors and three levels was carried out in this study on chain-tooth residual membrane recovery machine with response values of residual membrane recovery rate and soil content. The response surface model of each factor was obtained by experiment, and the influence of each factor on the operation effect was analyzed and optimized. The results showed that the order of the factors affecting the recovery of residual membrane was: angle of membrane-soil separator > angular velocity of pickup device > angular velocity of membrane-soil separator. The order of the factors affecting the soil content was: angle of membrane-soil separator > angular velocity of membrane-soil separator > angular velocity of pickup device; and the optimized results were tested. The results showed that the recovery rate of residual membrane was 81.12% and the soil content was 34.83% when the angular velocity of the pickup device was 42 rad/s, the angular velocity of the membrane-soil separator was 57 rad/s and the angle of the membrane-soil separator was 37°, and the relative error between the experimental value of each evaluation index and the optimized value of the model was less than 5%. The reverse membrane-soil separator can solve the problems of difficult membrane-soil separation and low recovery rate of residual membrane fragments. It can provide a reference for further research and optimization of membrane-soil separator mechanism of residual membrane recovery machine.
引文
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