水栀子根结线虫种群动态及其对土壤微环境的影响
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摘要
为明确水栀子地根结线虫种群数量变化规律及其对土壤微环境的影响,本研究采用淘洗-离心-漂浮法测定了水栀子地土壤中全年根结线虫2龄幼虫(J2)数量及其土壤pH值、养分含量和土壤微生物情况。结果表明,土壤中J2数量全年具有明显的波动性,1年内种群数量高峰期为3月中下旬和8月上旬,在5月下旬有一个低谷期,说明存在世代重叠现象。此外,根结线虫对土壤养分含量及可培养微生物数量的影响不大,因此,根结线虫病害的防治重点是根据其种群动态规律进行长期连续的综合治理,尤其是在提高水栀子本身抗病能力方面。
To clarify the change law of quantity of root-knot nematode and its effect on soil microenvironment, the number of the second stage juveniles(J2) of root-knot nematode in the Gardania jasminoides ‘Longicarpa' plantation, soil pH, nutrient content and microbial community were determined using the elutriation-centrifugation-float method. The results showed that the population number of the J2 of root-knot nematode in soil had obvious fluctuation throughout a year. The peak period values were observed in mid-to-late March and early August. There was a trough in late May that suggested a generational overlap was exist. In addition, the effects of root-knot nematodes on soil nutrient content and the number of culturable microorganisms were not significant. Therefore, the focus of the control of root-knot nematodes diseases was to carry out long-term and continuous comprehensive control according to their population dynamics, especially in improving the disease resistance of G. jasminoides itself.
To clarify the change law of quantity of root-knot nematode and its effect on soil microenvironment, the number of the second stage juveniles(J2) of root-knot nematode in the Gardania jasminoides ‘Longicarpa' plantation, soil pH, nutrient content and microbial community were determined using the elutriation-centrifugation-float method. The results showed that the population number of the J2 of root-knot nematode in soil had obvious fluctuation throughout a year. The peak period values were observed in mid-to-late March and early August. There was a trough in late May that suggested a generational overlap was exist. In addition, the effects of root-knot nematodes on soil nutrient content and the number of culturable microorganisms were not significant. Therefore, the focus of the control of root-knot nematodes diseases was to carry out long-term and continuous comprehensive control according to their population dynamics, especially in improving the disease resistance of G. jasminoides itself.
引文
[1]章淑玲,林谷园,张学才.莲雾根结线虫种类鉴定研究[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(11):69-71.
[2]刘维志.植物病原线虫学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[3]吴超群,杨泽茂,吴才君,等.设施蔬菜根结线虫危害及其防控机制研究进展[J].北方园艺,2018(11):164-172.
[4] Abad P, Williamson VM. Plant Nematode Interaction:ASophisticated Dialogue[J]. Advances in Botanical Research,2010, 53(10):147-192.
[5]邓绍勇,朱培林,王贤荣.栀子品种分类研究[J].南方林业科学,2018,46(1):13-18.
[6]许华,阮维斌,高玉葆,等.根结线虫对黄瓜叶片氮磷含量、土壤pH和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):2038-2044.
[7] Dicke M, Dijkman H. Within-plant circulation of systemicelicitor of induced defence and release from roots of elicitorthat affects neighbouring plants[J]. Biochemical Systematicsand Ecology, 2001, 29:1075-1087.
[8] Mashela PW. Ground wild cucumber fruits suppress number ofMeloidogyne incognita on tomato in microplots[J]. Nematropica,2002, 32:13-19.
[9] Nyczepir AP, Wood BW, Reighard GL. Impact of Meloidogyneincognita on the incidence of peach tree short life in thepresence of Circonemallaxenoplax[J]. Journal of Nematology,1997, 29:725-730.
[10] Bulluck LR, Barker KR, Ristaino JB.Influences of organic and synthetic soil fertility amendmentson nematode trophic groups and community dynamics undertomatoes. Applied Soil Ecology, 2002, 21:233-250.
[11]高乾魁,赵洪海.薯蓣根结线虫病的初步研究[J].植物病理学报,2000,30(2):162-165.
[12]郭衍银,徐坤,王秀峰,等.生姜根结线虫病原鉴定及发生规律[J].植物保护学报,2004(3):241-246.
[13]李树庆,刘志明,韦刚.香蕉根结线虫生物学特性研究[J].西南农业学报,2003,16(2):66-69.
[14] Dakora FD, Phillips DA. Root exudates asmediators of mineralacquisition in low-nutrient environments[J]. Plant and Soil,2002, 245:35-47.
[15] Haase S, Ruess L, Neumann G, et al. Low-level herbivory byroot-knot nematodes(Meloidogyne incognita)modifies roothair morphology and rhizodeposition in host plants(Hordeumvulgare)[J]. Plant and Soil, 2007, 301:151-164.
[16]刘峰,温学森.根系分泌物与根际微生物关系的研究进展[J].食品与药品,2006,8(10):37-40.
[17]胡元森,刘亚峰,吴坤,等.黄瓜连作土壤微生物区系变化研究[J].土壤通报,2006,37(1):126-129.
[18]吴凤芝,赵风艳,刘元英.连作障碍原因综合分析与防治措施[J].东北农业大学学报,2000,31(3):241-247.
[19]苗则彦,赵奎华,刘长远,等.不同抗、感枯萎病黄瓜品种不同生育时期根际微生物数量消长动态分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004,35(1):13-15.
[19]张黎,周青.环境微生物基因组学的生态学管窥[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(5):1322-1325.
[20]胡元森,吴坤,刘娜,等.黄瓜不同生育期根际微生物区系变化研究[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(10):1521-1526.
[2]刘维志.植物病原线虫学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[3]吴超群,杨泽茂,吴才君,等.设施蔬菜根结线虫危害及其防控机制研究进展[J].北方园艺,2018(11):164-172.
[4] Abad P, Williamson VM. Plant Nematode Interaction:ASophisticated Dialogue[J]. Advances in Botanical Research,2010, 53(10):147-192.
[5]邓绍勇,朱培林,王贤荣.栀子品种分类研究[J].南方林业科学,2018,46(1):13-18.
[6]许华,阮维斌,高玉葆,等.根结线虫对黄瓜叶片氮磷含量、土壤pH和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):2038-2044.
[7] Dicke M, Dijkman H. Within-plant circulation of systemicelicitor of induced defence and release from roots of elicitorthat affects neighbouring plants[J]. Biochemical Systematicsand Ecology, 2001, 29:1075-1087.
[8] Mashela PW. Ground wild cucumber fruits suppress number ofMeloidogyne incognita on tomato in microplots[J]. Nematropica,2002, 32:13-19.
[9] Nyczepir AP, Wood BW, Reighard GL. Impact of Meloidogyneincognita on the incidence of peach tree short life in thepresence of Circonemallaxenoplax[J]. Journal of Nematology,1997, 29:725-730.
[10] Bulluck LR, Barker KR, Ristaino JB.Influences of organic and synthetic soil fertility amendmentson nematode trophic groups and community dynamics undertomatoes. Applied Soil Ecology, 2002, 21:233-250.
[11]高乾魁,赵洪海.薯蓣根结线虫病的初步研究[J].植物病理学报,2000,30(2):162-165.
[12]郭衍银,徐坤,王秀峰,等.生姜根结线虫病原鉴定及发生规律[J].植物保护学报,2004(3):241-246.
[13]李树庆,刘志明,韦刚.香蕉根结线虫生物学特性研究[J].西南农业学报,2003,16(2):66-69.
[14] Dakora FD, Phillips DA. Root exudates asmediators of mineralacquisition in low-nutrient environments[J]. Plant and Soil,2002, 245:35-47.
[15] Haase S, Ruess L, Neumann G, et al. Low-level herbivory byroot-knot nematodes(Meloidogyne incognita)modifies roothair morphology and rhizodeposition in host plants(Hordeumvulgare)[J]. Plant and Soil, 2007, 301:151-164.
[16]刘峰,温学森.根系分泌物与根际微生物关系的研究进展[J].食品与药品,2006,8(10):37-40.
[17]胡元森,刘亚峰,吴坤,等.黄瓜连作土壤微生物区系变化研究[J].土壤通报,2006,37(1):126-129.
[18]吴凤芝,赵风艳,刘元英.连作障碍原因综合分析与防治措施[J].东北农业大学学报,2000,31(3):241-247.
[19]苗则彦,赵奎华,刘长远,等.不同抗、感枯萎病黄瓜品种不同生育时期根际微生物数量消长动态分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004,35(1):13-15.
[19]张黎,周青.环境微生物基因组学的生态学管窥[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(5):1322-1325.
[20]胡元森,吴坤,刘娜,等.黄瓜不同生育期根际微生物区系变化研究[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(10):1521-1526.