考虑电转气消纳风电的电–气综合能源系统双层优化调度
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摘要
电转气(power-to-gas,P2G)技术使电力网络与天然气网络的单向耦合转变为双向耦合,其运行特性为风电消纳提供了有效途径。该文提出一种考虑电转气合理利用弃风并考虑天然气系统优化运行的电力–天然气综合能源系统双层优化调度模型。首先,介绍含电转气的天然气系统运行模型;其次,以基于价格的含电转气的天然气系统优化调度为上层模型,基于直流潮流的含风电和电转气的电力系统经济调度为下层模型,构建电–气综合能源系统双层调度模型;再次,根据下层模型的Karush-Kuhn-Tucher(KKT)条件将双层模型转化为单层模型,并对非线性方程进行线性化,从而将非线性模型转化为混合整数线性规划(mix-integerlinear programming,MILP)问题,并调用CPLEX求解器进行求解;最后,通过算例分析验证所提出模型的合理性与有效性,并证明电转气可以有效提高电网的风电消纳能力。
Power-to-gas(P2 G) technique realizes the two-way coupling for the integrated electricity and natural gas systems, which provides an effective way for wind power accommodation based on its operating characteristic. This paper proposed a bi-level optimal dispatch model for integrated natural gas and electricity systems considering P2 G process to reduce wind power curtailment and optimal operation of natural gas system. Firstly, operation model of natural gas system with P2 G was presented. Secondly, the bi-level optimal dispatch model was developed. The upper level was formulated as a price-based optimal allocation problem for natural gas system with P2 G, while the lower level is an economic dispatch model for electricity system with wind power and P2 G based on DC power flow. Then, the lower model was converted and added into the upper model as constraints according to Karush-Kuhn-Tucher(KKT) optimality conditions, and the bi-level model was recast into a single level model. Nonlinear equations were linearized, and the model was transformed into a mix-integer linear programming(MILP) formulation, which is solvable by CPLEX. Finally, numerical case studies demonstrate the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed bi-level optimization model, and verify that P2 G is effective on promoting wind power accommodation.
Power-to-gas(P2 G) technique realizes the two-way coupling for the integrated electricity and natural gas systems, which provides an effective way for wind power accommodation based on its operating characteristic. This paper proposed a bi-level optimal dispatch model for integrated natural gas and electricity systems considering P2 G process to reduce wind power curtailment and optimal operation of natural gas system. Firstly, operation model of natural gas system with P2 G was presented. Secondly, the bi-level optimal dispatch model was developed. The upper level was formulated as a price-based optimal allocation problem for natural gas system with P2 G, while the lower level is an economic dispatch model for electricity system with wind power and P2 G based on DC power flow. Then, the lower model was converted and added into the upper model as constraints according to Karush-Kuhn-Tucher(KKT) optimality conditions, and the bi-level model was recast into a single level model. Nonlinear equations were linearized, and the model was transformed into a mix-integer linear programming(MILP) formulation, which is solvable by CPLEX. Finally, numerical case studies demonstrate the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed bi-level optimization model, and verify that P2 G is effective on promoting wind power accommodation.
引文
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[11]胡殿刚,潘正婕,徐昊亮,等.大规模可再生能源并网条件下天然气机组调峰空间估算[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(3):87-93.Hu Diangang,Pan Zhengjie,Xu Haoliang,et al.Peaking capacity estimation of natural gas unit under the condition of large-scale renewable energy connecting with power grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(3):87-93(in Chinese).
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[13]李杨,刘伟佳,赵俊华,等.含电转气的电-气-热系统协同调度与消纳风电效益分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3680-3689.Li Yang,Liu Weijia,Zhao Junhua,et al.Optimal dispatch of combined electricity-gas-heat energy systems with power-to-gas devices and benefit analysis of wind power accommodation[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3680-3689(in Chinese).
[14]G?tz M,Lefebvre J,M?rs F,et al.Renewable power-to-gas:a technological and economic review[J].Renewable Energy,2016(85):1371-1390.
[15]Clegg S,Mancarella P.Integrated modeling and assessment of the operational impact of power-to-gas(P2G)on electrical and gas transmission networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(4):1234-1244.
[16]Guandalini G,Campanari S,Romano M C.Power-to-gas plants and gas turbines for improved wind energy dispatchability:energy and economic assessment[J].Applied Energy,2015(147):117-130.
[17]卫志农,张思德,孙国强,等.计及电转气的电-气互联综合能源系统削峰填谷研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(16):4601-4609.Wei Zhinong,Zhang Side,Sun Guoqiang,et al.Powerto-gas considered peak load shifting research for integrated electricity and natural-gas energy systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(16):4601-4609(in Chinese).
[18]张宁丽,马燕,张相芬,等.利用动态规划模型优化天然气产销调度问题[J].自动化仪表,2014,35(9):57-60.Zhang Ningli,Ma Yan,Zhang Xiangfen,et al.Optimizing the production and marketing dispatching of nature gas by using dynamic programming model[J].Process Automation Instrumentation,2014,35(9):57-60(in Chinese).
[19]Ríos-Mercado RZ,Borraz-Sánchez C.Optimization problems in natural gas transportation systems:a state-of-the-art review[J].Applied Energy,2015(147):536-55.
[20]Fang X,Hu Q,Li F,et al.Coupon-based demand response considering wind power uncertainty:a strategic bidding model for load serving entities[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(2):1025-1037.
[21]Li G,Zhang R,Jiang T,et al.Optimal dispatch strategy for integrated energy systems with CCHP and wind power[J].Applied Energy,2016(192):408-419.
[2]Robert RE,Croissant MP,Masih JR.International energy outlook:U.S.department of energy[J].Washington Quarterly,1996,19(4):70-99.
[3]Correa-Posada CM,SáNchez-Mart?n P.Securityconstrained optimal power and natural-gas flow[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2014,29(4):1780-1787.
[4]Liu C,Shahidehpour M,Wang J.Application of augmented lagrangian relaxation to coordinated scheduling of interdependent hydrothermal power and natural gas systems[J].IET Generation Transmission&Distribution,2010,4(12):1314-1325.
[5]Qadrdan M,Chaudry M,Jenkins N,et al.Impact of transition to a low carbon power system on the GB gas network[J].Applied Energy,2015(151(:1-12.
[6]Li T,Eremia M,Shahidehpour M.Interdependency of natural gas network and power system security[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2008,23(4):1817-1824.
[7]孙国强,陈霜,卫志农,等.计及相关性的电-气互联系统概率最优潮流[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(21):11-17.Sun Guoqiang,Chen Shuang,Wei Zhinong,et al.Probabilistic optimal power flow of combined natural gas and electric system considering correlation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(21):11-17(in Chinese).
[8]Chaudry M,Jenkins N,Qadrdan M,Wu J.Combined gas and electricity network expansion planning[J].Applied Energy,2014,113(6):1171-1187.
[9]Bai L,Li F,Cui H,et al.Interval optimization based operating strategy for gas-electricity integrated energy systems considering demand response and wind uncertainty[J].Applied Energy,2016(167):270-279.
[10]Zhang X,Shahidehpour M,Alabdulwahab A,Abusorrah A.Hourly electricity demand response in the stochastic day-ahead scheduling of coordinated electricity and natural gas networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,31(1):1-10.
[11]胡殿刚,潘正婕,徐昊亮,等.大规模可再生能源并网条件下天然气机组调峰空间估算[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(3):87-93.Hu Diangang,Pan Zhengjie,Xu Haoliang,et al.Peaking capacity estimation of natural gas unit under the condition of large-scale renewable energy connecting with power grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(3):87-93(in Chinese).
[12]Cui H,Li F,Hu Q,Bai L,Fang X.Day-ahead coordinated operation of utility-scale electricity and natural gas networks considering demand response based virtual power plants[J].Applied Energy,2016,176:183-195.
[13]李杨,刘伟佳,赵俊华,等.含电转气的电-气-热系统协同调度与消纳风电效益分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3680-3689.Li Yang,Liu Weijia,Zhao Junhua,et al.Optimal dispatch of combined electricity-gas-heat energy systems with power-to-gas devices and benefit analysis of wind power accommodation[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3680-3689(in Chinese).
[14]G?tz M,Lefebvre J,M?rs F,et al.Renewable power-to-gas:a technological and economic review[J].Renewable Energy,2016(85):1371-1390.
[15]Clegg S,Mancarella P.Integrated modeling and assessment of the operational impact of power-to-gas(P2G)on electrical and gas transmission networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(4):1234-1244.
[16]Guandalini G,Campanari S,Romano M C.Power-to-gas plants and gas turbines for improved wind energy dispatchability:energy and economic assessment[J].Applied Energy,2015(147):117-130.
[17]卫志农,张思德,孙国强,等.计及电转气的电-气互联综合能源系统削峰填谷研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(16):4601-4609.Wei Zhinong,Zhang Side,Sun Guoqiang,et al.Powerto-gas considered peak load shifting research for integrated electricity and natural-gas energy systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(16):4601-4609(in Chinese).
[18]张宁丽,马燕,张相芬,等.利用动态规划模型优化天然气产销调度问题[J].自动化仪表,2014,35(9):57-60.Zhang Ningli,Ma Yan,Zhang Xiangfen,et al.Optimizing the production and marketing dispatching of nature gas by using dynamic programming model[J].Process Automation Instrumentation,2014,35(9):57-60(in Chinese).
[19]Ríos-Mercado RZ,Borraz-Sánchez C.Optimization problems in natural gas transportation systems:a state-of-the-art review[J].Applied Energy,2015(147):536-55.
[20]Fang X,Hu Q,Li F,et al.Coupon-based demand response considering wind power uncertainty:a strategic bidding model for load serving entities[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(2):1025-1037.
[21]Li G,Zhang R,Jiang T,et al.Optimal dispatch strategy for integrated energy systems with CCHP and wind power[J].Applied Energy,2016(192):408-419.