母乳、牛乳及山羊乳脂肪酸组成的差异分析
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摘要
采用气质联用法(GC-MS)测定东北区域不同泌乳期的母乳及牛乳和山羊乳常乳脂肪酸组成,并对其组成和含量进行差异分析,旨在为母乳脂质组学及以牛羊乳为基质的婴儿配方食品提供一定的理论基础。结果表明:母乳中主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸等,其中油酸含量最为丰富。饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量在不同泌乳期存在差异,其中SFA差异显著(p <0.05),初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳SFA含量分别为36.16%、37.89%、38.10%。牛乳和山羊乳主要以SFA为主,山羊乳SFA含量最高(69.07%),SFA中辛酸和癸酸是羊乳的特征脂肪酸,其含量显著高于母乳和牛乳(p <0.05)。山羊乳中中链脂肪酸(MCFA)含量最高(21.03%),是牛乳的1.5倍。其中,母乳SFA∶MUFA∶PUFA的比例为1.41∶1.29∶1,牛乳为19.12∶9.98∶1,山羊乳为11.14∶3.98∶1,山羊乳脂肪酸组成在比例上更加接近母乳。山羊乳在婴儿配方食品开发方面有更高的优势和开发空间。
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS) was used to determine the fatty acid composition of breast milk in different lactation periods,bovine ordinary milk and goat ordinary milk in the northeast region,and the composition and content of the milk were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for breast milk lipidomics and infant formular which based on bovine milk and goat milk.The results showed that the main fatty acids in breast milk were palmitic acid,oleic acid,and linoleic acid,among which the oleic acid content was the highest.During different lactation periods,the content of SFA,MUFA and PUFA was different,and the content of SFA was significantly different( p < 0.05). The content of saturated fatty acids in colostrum,transition milk and mature milk were 36.16%,37.89% and 38.10%,respectively.The main fatty acids in bovine milk and goat milk was SFA,the content of SFA in goat milk was the highest( 69.07%). Caprylic acid and tannic acid in SFA were the characteristic fatty acids of goat milk,which were significantly higher than that of breast milk and bovine milk( p < 0.05).The content of medium-chain fatty acid( MCFA) in goat milk was the highest( 21.03%),which was 1.5 times that of milk. The proportion of breast milk SFA∶ MUFA∶ PUFA was 1.41∶ 1.29∶ 1,cow milk was 19.12∶ 9.98∶ 1,and goat milk was 11.14∶ 3.98∶ 1. The composition of fatty acid in goat milk was closer to that of breast milk in terms of proportion. And goat milk had the higher advantage and space for development as an infant formula.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS) was used to determine the fatty acid composition of breast milk in different lactation periods,bovine ordinary milk and goat ordinary milk in the northeast region,and the composition and content of the milk were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for breast milk lipidomics and infant formular which based on bovine milk and goat milk.The results showed that the main fatty acids in breast milk were palmitic acid,oleic acid,and linoleic acid,among which the oleic acid content was the highest.During different lactation periods,the content of SFA,MUFA and PUFA was different,and the content of SFA was significantly different( p < 0.05). The content of saturated fatty acids in colostrum,transition milk and mature milk were 36.16%,37.89% and 38.10%,respectively.The main fatty acids in bovine milk and goat milk was SFA,the content of SFA in goat milk was the highest( 69.07%). Caprylic acid and tannic acid in SFA were the characteristic fatty acids of goat milk,which were significantly higher than that of breast milk and bovine milk( p < 0.05).The content of medium-chain fatty acid( MCFA) in goat milk was the highest( 21.03%),which was 1.5 times that of milk. The proportion of breast milk SFA∶ MUFA∶ PUFA was 1.41∶ 1.29∶ 1,cow milk was 19.12∶ 9.98∶ 1,and goat milk was 11.14∶ 3.98∶ 1. The composition of fatty acid in goat milk was closer to that of breast milk in terms of proportion. And goat milk had the higher advantage and space for development as an infant formula.
引文
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[24]葛武鹏,李元瑞,陈瑛,等.牛、羊乳及其制品的脂肪酸组成分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2008(7):173-178.
[2]Bortolozo E A F Q,Sauer E,Santos M D S,et al.Supplementation with the omega-3 docosa-hexaenoic acid:Influence on the lipid composition and fatty acid profile of human milk Suplementa92o comácido graxo 8mega-3 docosahexaenoico:influência sobre a composi92o lipídica e perfil deácidos graxos[J].Revista De Nutri92o,2013,26(1):27-36.
[3]Hasadsri L,Wang B H,Lee J V,et al.Omega-3 fatty acids as a putative treatment for traumatic brain injury[J].Journal of Neurotrauma,2013,30(11):897-906.
[4]Yuhas R,Pramuk K,Lien E L.Human milk fatty acid composition from nine countries varies most in DHA[J].Lipids,2006,41(9):851.
[5]张耀广,王玉英,柴艳兵,等.GC-MS法测定生鲜牛乳脂肪酸组成及含量的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2015,36(13):99-102.
[6]凌育赵.羊乳脂肪中脂肪酸成分的气相色谱分析[J].中国乳品工业,2005(11):59-61.
[7]Folch J,Less M,Sloane G H.A simple method for the isolution and purification of total lipids from animal tissues[J].Biology and Chemistry,1957,226:497-509.
[8]Kelly M L,Berry J R,Dwyer D A,et al.Dietary fatty acid sources affect conjugated linolei cacid concentrations in milk from lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Natrition,1998,128(5):881-885.
[9]王存芳,娄新曼,王建民.超高压及加热处理对羊乳脂肪酸组成的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):308-314.
[10]陈爱菊,张伟利,蒋明华,等.我国5个地区人乳中脂肪酸成分的分析[J].临床儿科杂志,2014,32(1):48-54.
[11]刘静,张开屏,郭奇慧.呼和浩特市母乳中蛋白质与脂肪酸含量的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2016,37(17):39-42.
[12]Barreiro R,Díaz-Bao M,Cepeda A,et al.Fatty acid composition of breast milk in Galicia(NW Spain):A crosscountry comparison[J].Prostaglandins Leukotrienes&Essential Fatty Acids,2018.
[13]Kang J X,Wang J X.A simplified method for analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acid[J].BMC Biochem,2005,6(1):5.
[14]侯建平.婴儿配方奶粉中不饱和脂肪酸的分析[J].中国乳品工业,2018,46(1):17-20.
[15]陈银基,鞠兴荣,周光宏.饱和脂肪酸分类与生理功能[J].中国油脂,2008(3):35-39.
[16]Li F,Marchette L D,Brush R S,et al.DHA does not protect ELOVL4 transgenic mice from retinal degeneration[J].Molecular Vision,2009,15(125-29):1185.
[17]Bosshart P D,Engel A,Fotiadis D.High-resolution atomic force microscopy imaging of rhodopsin in rod outer segment disk membranes[J].Methods Mol Biol,2015,1271:189-203.
[18]Diau G Y,Hsieh A T,Sarkadi-Nagy E A,et al.The influence of long chain polyunsaturate supplementation on docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in baboon neonate central nervous system[J].Bmc Medicine,2005,3(1):1-12.
[19]Saphier O,Blumenfeld J,Silberstein T,et al.Fatty acid composition of breastmilk of Israeli mothers[J].Indian Pediatrics,2013,50(11):1044-1046.
[20]Koletzko B,Bremer H J.Fat content and fatty acid composition of infant formulas[J].Acta Pdiatrica,2010,78(4):513-521.
[21]Aguiar A C R D,Rocha Júnior V R,Caldeira L A,et al.Milk composition of cows fed with different sources of nitrogen compounds[J].Revista Brasileira De Saude E Producao Animal,2015,16(3):591-605.
[22]Dass N B,John A K,Bassil A K,et al.The relationship between the effects of short-chain fatty acids on intestinal motility in vitro and GPR43 receptor activation[J].Neurogastroenter-ology&Motility,2007,19(1):66-74.
[23]陆东林,王文秀,徐敏,等.不同动物乳脂肪酸组成的比较分析[J].新疆畜牧业,2014(4):7-10.
[24]葛武鹏,李元瑞,陈瑛,等.牛、羊乳及其制品的脂肪酸组成分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2008(7):173-178.