单株和簇状植物分布方式对消波的影响试验
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摘要
在波浪水槽中规则波和不规则波水力条件下开展多组次物理模型试验,探究单株和簇状刚性植物分布方式对消波特性的影响。结果表明,单株-矩形分布植物带密度相同时,适当增加相邻植物间沿流向的距离,消波效果增强;对于单株-交错分布植物带,拖曳力系数随植物间距以及植物淹没度的增大而增大;对于簇状植物带,透射系数随单簇内植物株数的增加以及簇中心间距的减小而减小。在试验条件下得到了植物带消波效果与水动力因素和植物因素之间的拟合关系式,揭示了植物分布密度和分布排列结构对植物消波的影响。
The primary objective of this study is to explore the wave attenuation effects of single and patchy arrays of rigid vegetation under both regular and irregular wave conditions by multi-group physical model tests. The experimental results show that for vegetation belts of a single-rectangular distribution with the same distribution density, wave dissipation is higher with an increasing space between adjacent plants along the flow direction. For vegetation belts of a single-staggered distribution, drag coefficients increase with an increasing space between plants and submergence ratio. For the patchy vegetation belts, transmission coefficients decrease with the increasing number of plants within a single patch and the decreasing space between adjacent patches. Fitting relationships between wave attenuation and hydrodynamic factors as well as vegetation factors are obtained under the experimental conditions, revealing the effects of distribution densities and arrangement structures of vegetation belts on wave attenuation.
The primary objective of this study is to explore the wave attenuation effects of single and patchy arrays of rigid vegetation under both regular and irregular wave conditions by multi-group physical model tests. The experimental results show that for vegetation belts of a single-rectangular distribution with the same distribution density, wave dissipation is higher with an increasing space between adjacent plants along the flow direction. For vegetation belts of a single-staggered distribution, drag coefficients increase with an increasing space between plants and submergence ratio. For the patchy vegetation belts, transmission coefficients decrease with the increasing number of plants within a single patch and the decreasing space between adjacent patches. Fitting relationships between wave attenuation and hydrodynamic factors as well as vegetation factors are obtained under the experimental conditions, revealing the effects of distribution densities and arrangement structures of vegetation belts on wave attenuation.
引文
[1]何飞,陈杰,蒋昌波,等.规则波作用下植物带波高衰减特性实验研究[J].海洋科学进展,2018,36(1):146-158.(HE Fei,CHEN Jie,JIANG Changbo,et al.Experimental investigation on the characteristics of regular wave height attenuation in vegetation field[J].Advances in Marine Science,2018,36(1):146-158.(in Chinese))
[2]陈杰,何飞,蒋昌波,等.规则波作用下刚性植物拖曳力系数实验研究[J].水利学报,2017,48(7):846-857.(CHEN Jie,HE Fei,JIANG Changbo,et al.Experimental investigation on drag coefficient of rigid vegetation influenced by regular waves[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,48(7):846-857.(in Chinese))
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[8]姚宇,杜睿超,袁万成,等.斜坡非淹没刚性植被影响下孤立波爬高的研究[J].水动力学研究与进展:A辑,2015,30(5):506-515.(YAO Yu,DU Ruichao,YUANWancheng,et al.Investigation of solitary wave runup on a slope under the effect of emergent,rigid vegetation[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2015,30(5):506-515.(in Chinese))
[9]HASHIM A M,CATHERINE S M P.A laboratory study on wave reduction by mangrove forests[J].APCBEEProcedia,2013,5:27-32.
[10]何飞,陈杰,蒋昌波,等.植物带影响下孤立波沿程波高衰减特性试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2018,37(6):75-82.(HE Fei,CHEN Jie,JIANG Changbo,et al.Experimental study on the characteristics of solitary wave height attenuation under the effects of a vegetation belt[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2018,37(6):75-82.(in Chinese))
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[12]OZEREN Y,WREN D G.Laboratory measurements of wave attenuation through model and live vegetation[M].Coastal Hazards:ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference,2013.
[13]LI Y,ANIM D O,WANG Y,et al.Laboratory simulations of wave attenuation by an emergent vegetation of artificial Phragmites australis:an experimental study of an open-channel wave flume[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering&Landscape Management,2015,23(4):1-10.
[14]YANG Y,IRISH J L,WEISS R.Impact of patchy vegetation on tsunami dynamic[J].Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal,and Ocean Engineering,2017,143(4),04017005.
[15]NEPF H M.Drag,turbulence,and diffusion in flow through emergent vegetation[J].Water Resources Research,1999,35(2):1985-1986.
[16]SUZUKI T.Wave dissipation over vegetation fields[D].Saitama:Saitama University,2011.
[17]RAUPACH M R.Drag and drag partition on rough surfaces[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,1992,60(4):375-395.
[18]HU Z,SUZUKI T,ZITMAN T,et al.Laboratory study on wave dissipation by vegetation in combined current:wave flow[J].Coastal Engineering,2014,88(3):131-142.
[19]WU W C,COX D T.Effects of wave steepness and relative water depth on wave attenuation by emergent vegetation[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,2015,164:443-450.
[20]WU W C,COX D T.Effects of vertical variation in vegetation density on wave attenuation[J].Journal of Waterway Port Coastal&Ocean Engineering,2015,142(2):4015020.
[21]PUJOL D,COLOMER J,SERRA T,et al.A model for the effect of submerged aquatic vegetation on turbulence induced by an oscillating grid[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2012,114:23-30.
[22]MENDEZ F J,LOSADA I J.An empirical model to estimate the propagation of random breaking and nonbreaking waves over vegetation fields[J].Coastal Engineering,2004,51(2):103-118.
[23]陈杰,何飞,蒋昌波,等.植物消波机制的实验与理论解析研究进展[J].水科学进展,2018,29(3):433-445.(CHEN Jie,HE Fei,JIANG Changbo,et al.Advances in laboratory experiment,theoretical analysis of mechanism of wave attenuation by vegetation[J].Advances in Water Science,2018,29(3):433-445.(in Chinese))
[24]蒋昌波,王瑞雪,陈杰,等.非淹没刚性植物对孤立波传播变形影响实验[J].长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,9(2):51-56.(JIANG Changbo,WANGRuixue,CHEN Jie,et al.Laboratory investigation on solitary wave transformation through the emergent neritic vegetation[J].Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2012,9(2):51-56.(in Chinese))
[25]陈杰,赵静,蒋昌波,等.非淹没刚性植物对规则波传播变形影响实验研究[J].海洋通报,2017,36(2):222-229.(CHEN Jie,ZHAO Jing,JIANG Changbo,et al.Laboratory investigation on the effects of emergent rigid vegetation on the regular wave transformation[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2017,36(2):222-229.(in Chinese))
[26]MAZA M,LARA J L,LOSADA I J.A coupled model of submerged vegetation under oscillatory flow using NavierStokes equations[J].Coastal Engineering,2013,80(7):16-34.
[2]陈杰,何飞,蒋昌波,等.规则波作用下刚性植物拖曳力系数实验研究[J].水利学报,2017,48(7):846-857.(CHEN Jie,HE Fei,JIANG Changbo,et al.Experimental investigation on drag coefficient of rigid vegetation influenced by regular waves[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,48(7):846-857.(in Chinese))
[3]JOHN B M,SHIRLAL K G,RAO S.Effect of artificial vegetation on wave attenuation:an experimental investigation[J].Procedia Engineering,2015,116(1):600-606.
[4]TSCHIRKY P,HALL K,TURCKE D.Wave attenuation by emergent wetland vegetation[C]//27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering.Sydney:[s.n.],2000:865-877.
[5]何飞,陈杰,蒋昌波,等.考虑根茎叶的近岸植物对海啸波消减实验研究[J].热带海洋学报,2017,36(5):9-15.(HE Fei,CHEN Jie,JIANG Changbo,et al.Experimental investigation on tsunami wave attenuation under the effects of coastal vegetation with root,stem and crown[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2017,36(5):9-15.(in Chinese))
[6]何飞,陈杰,蒋昌波,等.考虑根茎叶影响的刚性植物消浪特性实验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展:A辑,2017,32(6):116-124.(HE Fei,CHEN Jie,JIANGChangbo,et al.Experimental investigation on wave attenuation under the effects of rigid vegetation with root,stem and crown[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2017,32(6):116-124.(in Chinese))
[7]陈杰,管喆,蒋昌波.海啸波作用下泥沙运动Ⅴ:红树林影响下的岸滩变化[J].水科学进展,2016,27(2):206-213.(CHEN Jie,GUAN Zhe,JIANG Changbo,et al.Study of sediment transport by tsunami wavesⅤ:influence of mangrove[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(2):206-213.(in Chinese))
[8]姚宇,杜睿超,袁万成,等.斜坡非淹没刚性植被影响下孤立波爬高的研究[J].水动力学研究与进展:A辑,2015,30(5):506-515.(YAO Yu,DU Ruichao,YUANWancheng,et al.Investigation of solitary wave runup on a slope under the effect of emergent,rigid vegetation[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2015,30(5):506-515.(in Chinese))
[9]HASHIM A M,CATHERINE S M P.A laboratory study on wave reduction by mangrove forests[J].APCBEEProcedia,2013,5:27-32.
[10]何飞,陈杰,蒋昌波,等.植物带影响下孤立波沿程波高衰减特性试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2018,37(6):75-82.(HE Fei,CHEN Jie,JIANG Changbo,et al.Experimental study on the characteristics of solitary wave height attenuation under the effects of a vegetation belt[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2018,37(6):75-82.(in Chinese))
[11]AUGUSTIN L N,IRISH J L,LYNETT P.Laboratory and numerical studies of wave damping by emergent and nearemergent wetland vegetation[J].Coastal Engineering,2009,56(3):332-340.
[12]OZEREN Y,WREN D G.Laboratory measurements of wave attenuation through model and live vegetation[M].Coastal Hazards:ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference,2013.
[13]LI Y,ANIM D O,WANG Y,et al.Laboratory simulations of wave attenuation by an emergent vegetation of artificial Phragmites australis:an experimental study of an open-channel wave flume[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering&Landscape Management,2015,23(4):1-10.
[14]YANG Y,IRISH J L,WEISS R.Impact of patchy vegetation on tsunami dynamic[J].Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal,and Ocean Engineering,2017,143(4),04017005.
[15]NEPF H M.Drag,turbulence,and diffusion in flow through emergent vegetation[J].Water Resources Research,1999,35(2):1985-1986.
[16]SUZUKI T.Wave dissipation over vegetation fields[D].Saitama:Saitama University,2011.
[17]RAUPACH M R.Drag and drag partition on rough surfaces[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,1992,60(4):375-395.
[18]HU Z,SUZUKI T,ZITMAN T,et al.Laboratory study on wave dissipation by vegetation in combined current:wave flow[J].Coastal Engineering,2014,88(3):131-142.
[19]WU W C,COX D T.Effects of wave steepness and relative water depth on wave attenuation by emergent vegetation[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,2015,164:443-450.
[20]WU W C,COX D T.Effects of vertical variation in vegetation density on wave attenuation[J].Journal of Waterway Port Coastal&Ocean Engineering,2015,142(2):4015020.
[21]PUJOL D,COLOMER J,SERRA T,et al.A model for the effect of submerged aquatic vegetation on turbulence induced by an oscillating grid[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2012,114:23-30.
[22]MENDEZ F J,LOSADA I J.An empirical model to estimate the propagation of random breaking and nonbreaking waves over vegetation fields[J].Coastal Engineering,2004,51(2):103-118.
[23]陈杰,何飞,蒋昌波,等.植物消波机制的实验与理论解析研究进展[J].水科学进展,2018,29(3):433-445.(CHEN Jie,HE Fei,JIANG Changbo,et al.Advances in laboratory experiment,theoretical analysis of mechanism of wave attenuation by vegetation[J].Advances in Water Science,2018,29(3):433-445.(in Chinese))
[24]蒋昌波,王瑞雪,陈杰,等.非淹没刚性植物对孤立波传播变形影响实验[J].长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,9(2):51-56.(JIANG Changbo,WANGRuixue,CHEN Jie,et al.Laboratory investigation on solitary wave transformation through the emergent neritic vegetation[J].Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2012,9(2):51-56.(in Chinese))
[25]陈杰,赵静,蒋昌波,等.非淹没刚性植物对规则波传播变形影响实验研究[J].海洋通报,2017,36(2):222-229.(CHEN Jie,ZHAO Jing,JIANG Changbo,et al.Laboratory investigation on the effects of emergent rigid vegetation on the regular wave transformation[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2017,36(2):222-229.(in Chinese))
[26]MAZA M,LARA J L,LOSADA I J.A coupled model of submerged vegetation under oscillatory flow using NavierStokes equations[J].Coastal Engineering,2013,80(7):16-34.