运积物覆盖区地球化学找矿方法——土壤热磁组分测量
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摘要
针对运积物覆盖区找矿面临的技术难题,引入土壤热磁组分测量方法,以冀北蔡家营热液型铅锌银矿、东天山沙泉子岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿以及野马泉地区矽卡岩型铁铜多金属矿为例,选择运积物覆盖地段开展剖面及面积性方法试验研究。蔡家营与沙泉子研究区实验结果表明,与常规土壤测量方法获得的弱小异常相比,热磁组分测量地表异常显著,能够很好地反映出深部矿体空间位置及展布形态,具有强化弱异常、发现新异常的优势;野马泉地区试验结果表明,在运积物覆盖达百米以上的已知矿区或勘查区,热磁组分测量均有异常显示,异常元素空间套合较好,并为已知区外围覆盖区找矿勘查提供了新的找矿靶区。经实验证实,土壤热磁组分测量技术为解决运积物覆盖区找矿难题提供了一种行之有效的方法。
Aimed at the technical problem of ore-prospecting in transported overburden region,the authors carried out experimental studies of the method of thermalmagnetic component measurement in the known mining areas,which included the Caijiaying hydrothermal type lead-zinc-silver deposit in Hebei Province,the Shaquanzi magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposit in east Tianshan,and the skarn type iron-copper polymetallic deposit in Yemaquan area. The experimental results of Caijiaying and Shaquanzi area show that,compared with the small and weak anomalies obtained by conventional soil measurement,the surface anomalies measured by thermalmagnetic components are significant,which can well reflect the spatial location and distribution pattern of deep orebodies and have the advantages of strengthening weak anomalies and discovering new ones. The results of the experiment in Yemaquan area show that there are anomalies delineated by thermomagnetic component measurement at the known mining areas with transported sediments covering more than 100 meters. And well matched abnormal elements in space provide a new target area for prospecting in the unknown area. It has been proved by experiments that the thermomagnetic component measurement technology provides an effective method for solving the problem of ore-prospecting in the transported covered region.
Aimed at the technical problem of ore-prospecting in transported overburden region,the authors carried out experimental studies of the method of thermalmagnetic component measurement in the known mining areas,which included the Caijiaying hydrothermal type lead-zinc-silver deposit in Hebei Province,the Shaquanzi magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposit in east Tianshan,and the skarn type iron-copper polymetallic deposit in Yemaquan area. The experimental results of Caijiaying and Shaquanzi area show that,compared with the small and weak anomalies obtained by conventional soil measurement,the surface anomalies measured by thermalmagnetic components are significant,which can well reflect the spatial location and distribution pattern of deep orebodies and have the advantages of strengthening weak anomalies and discovering new ones. The results of the experiment in Yemaquan area show that there are anomalies delineated by thermomagnetic component measurement at the known mining areas with transported sediments covering more than 100 meters. And well matched abnormal elements in space provide a new target area for prospecting in the unknown area. It has been proved by experiments that the thermomagnetic component measurement technology provides an effective method for solving the problem of ore-prospecting in the transported covered region.
引文
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[23]高永宝,李文渊,钱兵,等.东昆仑野马泉铁矿相关花岗质岩体年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素特征[J].岩石学报,2014(6):1647-1665.Gao Y B,Li W Y,Qian B,et al.Geochronology,geochemistry and Hf isotopic compositions of the granitic rocks related with iron mineralization in Yemaquan deposit,East Kunlun,NW China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014(6):1647-1665.
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[26]刘建楠,丰成友,赵一鸣,等.青海野马泉矽卡岩铁锌多金属矿区侵入岩、交代岩及矿化蚀变特征[J].矿床地质,2013(1):77-93.Liu J N,Feng C Y,Zhao Y M,et al.Characteristics of intrusive rock,metasomatites,mineralization and atteration in Yemaquan skarn Fe-Zn polymetallic deposit,Qinghai Province[J].Mineral Deposits,2013(1):77-93.
[2]Wang X Q,Zhang B M,Lin X,et al.Geochemical challenges of diverse regolith-covered terrains for mineral exploration in China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2016,73:417-431.
[3]Zhang B,Wang X,Ye R,et al.Geochemical exploration for concealed deposits at the periphery of the Zijinshan copper-gold mine,southeastern China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2015,157:184-193.
[4]Zhang B,Wang X,Chi Q,et al.Three-dimensional geochemical patterns of regolith over a concealed gold deposit revealed by overburden drilling in desert terrains of northwestern China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2016,164:122-135.
[5]胡树起,马生明,刘崇民,等.热磁技术方法条件实验及相关问题[J].物探与化探,2011,35(2):212-217.Hu S Q,Ma S M,Liu C M,et al.Experiments on technical conditions of the Thermomagnetic technology and some related problems[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(2):212-217.
[6]胡树起,史长义,马生明,等.热磁技术在覆盖区找矿中的应用[J].物探与化探,2010,34(5):622-626.Hu S Q,Shi C Y,Ma S M,et al.The application of thermomagnetic technique to ore prospecting in coverage area[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(5):622-626.
[7]唐世新,马生明,胡树起.土壤磁性组分测量在干旱荒漠区找矿中的有效性探讨[J].矿产勘查,2012(6):804-810.Tang S X,Ma S M,Hu S Q.Application of soil magnetic component measurement technique in mineral prospecting in arid desert areas[J].Mineral Exploration,2012(6):804-810.
[8]唐世新,马生明,李建军,等.新疆东天山地区磁性组分测量有效性研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2014,36(6):742-749.Tang S X,Ma S M,Li J J,et al.The availability discussion of magnetic material survey in dongtianshan,xinjiang[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Computing Techniques,2014,36(6):742-749.
[9]唐世新,李建军,马生明.内蒙古东部运积物覆盖区地球化学勘查方法对比[J].物探与化探,2018,42(3):499-505.Tang S X,Li J J,Ma S M.Optimum selection of geochemical exploration methods in areas covered by transported overburden,eastern Inner Mongolia[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2018,42(3):499-505.
[10]Cohen D R,Shen X C,Dunlop A C,et al.A comparison of selective extraction soil geochemistry and biogeochemistry in the Cobar area,New South Wales[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1998,61(1):173-189.
[11]Alipour S,Cohen D R,Dunlop A C.Characteristics of magnetic and non-magnetic lag in the Cobar area,NSW[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1997,58(1):15-28.
[12]Xie J,Dunlop A C.Dissolution rates of metals in Fe oxides:implications for sampling ferruginous materials with significant relict Fe oxides[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1998,61(1):213-232.
[13]张永兴,顾尚义.河北省蔡家营铅锌银矿区地质构造研究[J].贵州工业大学学报:自然科学版,2003(4):1-5.Zhang Y X,Gu S Y.Geological structure study on caijiaying PbZn-Ag deposit district of hebei province[J].Journal of Guizhou U-niversity of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2003(4):1-5.
[14]叶信栋,孙彬彬,周国华,等.河北蔡家营铅锌多金属矿地电化学提取有效性及提取条件试验[J].地质与勘探,2018(5):979-987.Ye X D,Sun B B,Zhou G H,et al.Effectiveness and conditions tests of geo-electrochemical extraction in the caijiaying Pb-Zn polymetallic mining area,hebei province[J].Geology and Exploration,2018(5):979-987.
[15]冯有利,郑辙,艾永富,等.蔡家营铅锌银多金属矿床的绿泥石结构特征[J].矿物学报,2001(3):554-556.Feng Y L,Zheng C,Ai Y F,et al.Strucural characteristics of chlorite in the caijiaying Pb-Zn-Ag deposit[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2001(3):554-556.
[16]邵跃.矿床元素原生分带的研究及其在地球化学找矿中的应用[J].地质与勘探,1984(2):47-55.Shao Y.The study of the metallogenic zoning of ore deposits and its application in geochemical prospecting[J].Geology and Exploration,1984(2):47-55.
[17]李文明,任秉琛,杨兴科,等.东天山中酸性侵入岩浆作用及其地球动力学意义[J].西北地质,2002(4):41-64.Li W M,Ren B C,Yang X K,et al.The intermediate-acid intrusive magmatism and its geodynamic significance in Eastern Tianshan region[J].Northwestern Geology,2002(4):41-64.
[18]黄小文,漆亮,孟郁苗.东天山黑峰山、双峰山及沙泉子(铜)铁矿床的矿物微量和稀土元素地球化学特征[J].矿床地质,2013(6):1188-1210.Huang X W,Qi L,Meng Y M.Trace element and REE geochemistry of minerals from Heifengshan,Shuangfengshan and Shaquanzi(Cu-)Fe deposits,eastern Tianshan Mountains[J].Mineral Deposits,2013(6):1188-1210.
[19]方维萱,黄转盈,唐红峰,等.东天山库姆塔格-沙泉子晚石炭世火山-沉积岩相学地质地球化学特征与构造环境[J].中国地质,2006(3):529-544.Fang W X,Huang Z Y,Tang H F,et al.Lithofacies,geological and geochemical characteristics and tectonic setting of Late Carboniferous volcanic-sedimentary rocks in the Kumtag-Shaquanzi ar ea,East Tianshan[J].Geology in China,2006(3):529-544.
[20]徐璐璐,柴凤梅,李强,等.东天山沙泉子铁铜矿区火山岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义[J].中国地质,2014(6):1771-1790.Xu L L,Chai F M,Li Q,et al.Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb age of volcanic rocks from the Shaquanzi Fe-Cu deposit in East Tianshan Mountains and their geological significance[J].Geology in China,2014(6):1771-1790.
[21]黄小文,漆亮,王怡昌,等.东天山沙泉子铜铁矿床磁铁矿ReOs定年初探[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014(4):605-616.Huang X W,Qi L,Wang Y C,et al.Re-Os dating of magnetite from the Shaquanzi Fe-Cu deposit,eastern TianshanNW China[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2014(4):605-616.
[22]宋忠宝,贾群子,张占玉,等.东昆仑祁漫塔格地区野马泉铁铜矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].西北地质,2010(4):209-217.Song Z B,Jia Q Z,Zhang Z Y,et al.Study on geological feature and origin of yemaquan Fe-Cu deposit in qimantage area,eastern kunlun[J].Northwestern Geology,2010(4):209-217.
[23]高永宝,李文渊,钱兵,等.东昆仑野马泉铁矿相关花岗质岩体年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素特征[J].岩石学报,2014(6):1647-1665.Gao Y B,Li W Y,Qian B,et al.Geochronology,geochemistry and Hf isotopic compositions of the granitic rocks related with iron mineralization in Yemaquan deposit,East Kunlun,NW China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014(6):1647-1665.
[24]姚磊,吕志成,于晓飞,等.青海祁漫塔格地区矽卡岩型矿床花岗质岩石矿物学及地质意义[J].岩石学报,2015(8):2294-2306.Yao L,Lv Z C,Yu X F,et al.Mineral characteristics of granitic rocks from skarn deposits,Qimantag area,Qinghai Province,East Kunlun,and its geological significance[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2015(8):2294-2306.
[25]许长坤,刘世宝,赵子基,等.青海省东昆仑成矿带铁矿成矿规律与找矿方向研究[J].地质学报,2012(10):1621-1678.Xu C K,Liu S B,Zhao Z J,et al.Metallogenic lawand and prospect direction of iron deposits in the east kunlun metallogenic belt in qinghai[J].Acta Geological Sinica,2012(10):1621-1678.
[26]刘建楠,丰成友,赵一鸣,等.青海野马泉矽卡岩铁锌多金属矿区侵入岩、交代岩及矿化蚀变特征[J].矿床地质,2013(1):77-93.Liu J N,Feng C Y,Zhao Y M,et al.Characteristics of intrusive rock,metasomatites,mineralization and atteration in Yemaquan skarn Fe-Zn polymetallic deposit,Qinghai Province[J].Mineral Deposits,2013(1):77-93.