基于象思维探讨中医学对“膈”的认识
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摘要
立足于传统的象思维模式,探讨中医学对"膈"的认识。由对古典医籍的查考可知,古代中医对"膈"的认识并不限于其解剖形态。"膈"在功能特点上有划分阴阳、确定病位、遮蔽浊气、通行气机的作用。在受病特点上有易影响肺、心、胃等脏;易为痰饮、热邪所扰;易为邪气所伏藏的特点。进一步证实了中医所认识的"膈"与现代医学的横膈膜有巨大的区别,这是由中医思维方法所决定的。
Based on the traditional mode of manifestation thinking, this paper discussed the understanding of ‘diaphragm'in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). It was found that the ancient Chinese medicine's understanding of ‘diaphragm' was not limited to its anatomical form through reading and summarizing classical medical records. For the physiological function of‘diaphragm', it can be used to divide internal yin and yang, to determine disease location, to prevent turbid Qi, to pass down the Qi around the chest and abdomen. Pathologically, it was easy to affect the lungs, heart, and stomach, to be disturbed by sputum and heat, and to become a hiding place of pathogenic factors. It was further confirmed that there was a huge difference between the‘diaphragm' of TCM and the diaphragm of modern medicine, which was determined by the thinking method of TCM.
Based on the traditional mode of manifestation thinking, this paper discussed the understanding of ‘diaphragm'in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). It was found that the ancient Chinese medicine's understanding of ‘diaphragm' was not limited to its anatomical form through reading and summarizing classical medical records. For the physiological function of‘diaphragm', it can be used to divide internal yin and yang, to determine disease location, to prevent turbid Qi, to pass down the Qi around the chest and abdomen. Pathologically, it was easy to affect the lungs, heart, and stomach, to be disturbed by sputum and heat, and to become a hiding place of pathogenic factors. It was further confirmed that there was a huge difference between the‘diaphragm' of TCM and the diaphragm of modern medicine, which was determined by the thinking method of TCM.
引文
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[2]李静.伤寒论词典.贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2014:195
[3]赵中国.论象思维的两种类型以及中医学发展的一个路向.中华中医药杂志,2016,31(4):1323-1325
[4]王永炎,张启明.象思维与中医辨证的相关性.自然杂志,2011,33(3):133-136
[5]武峻艳,王杰.象思维下脑的生理与病理探析.中华中医药杂志,2018,33(7):2856-2859
[6]孙广仁.藏象的概念及其生成之源.中医研究,1997,10(5):3-7
[7]严利依,邓杨春.象思维与玄思维的流变与发展.中华中医药杂志,2017,32(9):3883-3886
[8]傅海燕.《黄帝内经》“鬲”、“膈”考源.中医文献杂志,2011,29(6):19-20
[9]彭静山.华佗先生内照图浅解.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1985:25
[10]佚名.脏腑证治图说人镜经.故宫博物院编.海口:海南出版社,2000:58
[11]王永炎,于智敏.象思维的路径.天津中医药,2011,28(1):1-4
[12]郑煜,陈霞.呼吸系统.北京:人民卫生出版社,2015:28
[13]刘先利,刘寨华,刘思鸿,等.邪伏膜原源流考.中国中医基础医学杂志,2016,22(3):310-311,367