后期持续干旱对北疆棉花生长发育的影响及其抗旱适应性评价
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摘要
以18个北疆棉区适宜棉花品种(系)为材料,在大田条件下研究了生育期后期持续干旱对棉花产量和生长发育因子的影响,并用加权隶属函数值法对参试棉花材料的后期抗旱适应性进行评价分析。结果表明,除功能叶叶片的干物质含量显著增加外,后期连续干旱引起了其它的产量因子(铃重、铃数、籽棉产量、衣分)和生长发育相关因子(叶面积、鲜重、干重、株高)的明显下降,籽棉产量的下降率最大,为46.80%;在抗旱系数隶属函数值评价上,不同产量和生长发育因子的抗旱性鉴定结果不同;铃数、籽棉产量、叶面积和叶片干重与后期棉花抗旱性显著正相关,其相对重要性依次为铃数>叶面积>叶片干重>籽棉产量。参试材料中,具有抗旱性的材料为晋棉13号、297-5、新陆早8号、新陆早26号和新陆早35号,没有抗旱性的材料为益农2号、新陆早13号、18-3、81-3和134-1。
Eighteen cotton cultivars(Gossypium hiristurum)suitable for North Xinjiang were used to study the effect of prolonged drought during late stage on cotton yield,growth and development.And the drought resistance of these cultivars was also evaluated by weighted fuzzy subordinative function method.The results showed that yield components including boll size,boll number,seeds yield and lint percent,and parameters of growth and development such as the single functional leaf area,fresh mass,dry mass and plant height decreased significantly as compared to the normal irrigation.But the dry matter of stay-green leaf increased significantly,and the variations of seed yield was the highest for the drought treatment,with a reduction by 46.80%.The results of drought resistance evaluation differed when using fuzzy subordinative function method.The drought resistance was mainly associated with boll number,leaf area,dry matter,and seed cotton yield(in the order of significance).Cultivars of Jinmian 13,297-5,Xinluzao No.8,Xinluzao No.26 and Xinluzao No.35 were high resistant,whereas Yinong 2,Xinluzao No.13,18-3,81-3,and 134-1 were sensitive.
Eighteen cotton cultivars(Gossypium hiristurum)suitable for North Xinjiang were used to study the effect of prolonged drought during late stage on cotton yield,growth and development.And the drought resistance of these cultivars was also evaluated by weighted fuzzy subordinative function method.The results showed that yield components including boll size,boll number,seeds yield and lint percent,and parameters of growth and development such as the single functional leaf area,fresh mass,dry mass and plant height decreased significantly as compared to the normal irrigation.But the dry matter of stay-green leaf increased significantly,and the variations of seed yield was the highest for the drought treatment,with a reduction by 46.80%.The results of drought resistance evaluation differed when using fuzzy subordinative function method.The drought resistance was mainly associated with boll number,leaf area,dry matter,and seed cotton yield(in the order of significance).Cultivars of Jinmian 13,297-5,Xinluzao No.8,Xinluzao No.26 and Xinluzao No.35 were high resistant,whereas Yinong 2,Xinluzao No.13,18-3,81-3,and 134-1 were sensitive.
引文
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[4]Sambrook J,Russel D W,黄培堂,等.分子克隆实验指南(第三版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:418-424.
[5]刘全义,张裕繁,严根土,等.我国棉花耐旱碱研究的现状及前景[J].干旱地区农业研究,1998,16(1):117-122.
[6]肖俊夫,刘祖贵,孙景生,等.不同生育期干旱对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水,1999,18(1):23-27.
[7]Petterson D T,Highsmith M T.Competition of spurred anode(Anode cristata)and Velvetleaf(Abutulon theophrasti)with cotton(Gossypium hiristurum)during simulated drought and recovery[J].Weed Science,1989,37(5):658-664.
[8]马富裕,杨建荣,李蒙春,等.花铃期土壤含水量对棉花群体生理和产量影响研究[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),1998,2(2):93-98.
[9]章杰,刘江娜,邓小艳,等.干旱对特早熟陆地棉光合特性与产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(7):1397-1401.
[10]牟筱玲,鲍啸.土壤水分胁迫对棉花叶片水分状况及光合作用的影响[J].中国棉花,2003,30(9):9-10.
[11]程林梅,张原根,阎继耀,等.土壤干旱对棉花生理特性与产量的影响[J].棉花学报,1995,7(4):233-237.
[12]李志博,杨敏,张荣华.北疆棉花品种抗旱性初步评价及鉴定方法研究[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(6):463-466.
[13]李志博,林海荣,魏亦农,等.北疆主栽棉花抗旱性生育期差异评价及鉴定体系的初步建立[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):84-90.
[14]余美,杨劲松,刘梅先,等.膜下滴灌灌水频率对土壤水盐运移及棉花产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,29(3):18-23,28.
[15]李志博,章杰,魏亦农,等.覆膜高密度下棉花抗旱性产量和品质指标的特征分析[J].核农报,2011,25(3):576-581.
[16]梁建兰,李志博,尚勋武,等.不同小麦品种搭配生产兰州拉面专用粉的灰色关联度分析[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(1):63-68.
[17]付凤玲,李晚枕,潘光堂.模糊隶属法对玉米苗期耐旱性的拟合分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2003,21(1):83-85,125.
[18]席万鹏,王有科,孙飞达.利用隶属函数值法综合评价花椒的抗旱性[J].甘肃林业科技,2004,29(1):5-6.
[2]山仑,黄占斌,张岁岐.节水农业[M].北京,清华大学出版社,2000:12-13.
[3]于健.棉花品种的抗旱遗传多样性分析及抗旱性评价[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2008:14-29.
[4]Sambrook J,Russel D W,黄培堂,等.分子克隆实验指南(第三版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:418-424.
[5]刘全义,张裕繁,严根土,等.我国棉花耐旱碱研究的现状及前景[J].干旱地区农业研究,1998,16(1):117-122.
[6]肖俊夫,刘祖贵,孙景生,等.不同生育期干旱对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水,1999,18(1):23-27.
[7]Petterson D T,Highsmith M T.Competition of spurred anode(Anode cristata)and Velvetleaf(Abutulon theophrasti)with cotton(Gossypium hiristurum)during simulated drought and recovery[J].Weed Science,1989,37(5):658-664.
[8]马富裕,杨建荣,李蒙春,等.花铃期土壤含水量对棉花群体生理和产量影响研究[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),1998,2(2):93-98.
[9]章杰,刘江娜,邓小艳,等.干旱对特早熟陆地棉光合特性与产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(7):1397-1401.
[10]牟筱玲,鲍啸.土壤水分胁迫对棉花叶片水分状况及光合作用的影响[J].中国棉花,2003,30(9):9-10.
[11]程林梅,张原根,阎继耀,等.土壤干旱对棉花生理特性与产量的影响[J].棉花学报,1995,7(4):233-237.
[12]李志博,杨敏,张荣华.北疆棉花品种抗旱性初步评价及鉴定方法研究[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(6):463-466.
[13]李志博,林海荣,魏亦农,等.北疆主栽棉花抗旱性生育期差异评价及鉴定体系的初步建立[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):84-90.
[14]余美,杨劲松,刘梅先,等.膜下滴灌灌水频率对土壤水盐运移及棉花产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,29(3):18-23,28.
[15]李志博,章杰,魏亦农,等.覆膜高密度下棉花抗旱性产量和品质指标的特征分析[J].核农报,2011,25(3):576-581.
[16]梁建兰,李志博,尚勋武,等.不同小麦品种搭配生产兰州拉面专用粉的灰色关联度分析[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(1):63-68.
[17]付凤玲,李晚枕,潘光堂.模糊隶属法对玉米苗期耐旱性的拟合分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2003,21(1):83-85,125.
[18]席万鹏,王有科,孙飞达.利用隶属函数值法综合评价花椒的抗旱性[J].甘肃林业科技,2004,29(1):5-6.