感恩与亲社会行为的关系:来自元分析的证据
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摘要
采用元分析方法探讨特质感恩与亲社会行为的关系以及状态感恩对亲社会行为的影响。通过中英文文献检索,共有99篇文章136个独立样本符合元分析标准。其中特质感恩与亲社会行为关系的元分析有95个独立样本(N=26850),状态感恩对亲社会行为的影响的元分析有41个独立样本(N=3999)。元分析的结果表明,特质感恩与亲社会行为呈显著正相关(r=0.41,p<0.001);调节效应检验发现,两者之间的关系受到特质感恩测量工具的调节,但不受被试年龄、亲社会行为测量工具以及文化背景的影响。此外,状态感恩启动显著影响亲社会行为,呈较大效应量(d=0.78,p<0.001);被试年龄、状态感恩诱发方式、亲社会行为测量类型以及文化背景的调节效应均未达到显著。p曲线(p-curve)分析发现,两个元分析研究的p曲线均呈显著右偏态,表明特质感恩与亲社会行为的关系以及状态感恩对亲社会行为的影响均存在真实的效应,而不是出版偏倚或者p-hacking导致。
A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the effect of trait and state gratitude on prosocial behavior,as well as the factors affecting this relationship. Through Chinese and English literature retrieval,99 cases and 136 independent effect sizes together with 30849 participants which met the inclusion criteria of meta-analysis were selected.The meta-analysis of the relationship between trait gratitude and prosocial behavior included 95 independent samples( N = 26850),and 41 independent samples( N = 3999) were used to analyze the influence of state gratitude on prosocial behavior. Heterogeneity test indicated that random effects model was appropriate for the meta-analysis.Main-effect test findings demonstrated that there was a significant positive correlation between trait gratitude and prosocial behavior( r = 0. 41,p < 0. 001). The moderator analysis revealed that trait gratitude measurement tools moderated the relationship between gratitude and prosocial behavior. However,the age of participants,measurement tools of prosocial behavior and culture had no moderate effect. In addition,the induction of state gratitude significantly impacted on prosocial behavior,with a large effect size( d = 0. 78,p < 0. 001). No moderators were found.The p-curve analysis showed that the p-curves of the two meta-analyzes were both significant right skew states,indicating that the relationship between the trait gratitude and prosocial behavior and the effect of state gratitude on the prosocial behavior both had real effects,not caused by publishing bias or p-hacking.
A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the effect of trait and state gratitude on prosocial behavior,as well as the factors affecting this relationship. Through Chinese and English literature retrieval,99 cases and 136 independent effect sizes together with 30849 participants which met the inclusion criteria of meta-analysis were selected.The meta-analysis of the relationship between trait gratitude and prosocial behavior included 95 independent samples( N = 26850),and 41 independent samples( N = 3999) were used to analyze the influence of state gratitude on prosocial behavior. Heterogeneity test indicated that random effects model was appropriate for the meta-analysis.Main-effect test findings demonstrated that there was a significant positive correlation between trait gratitude and prosocial behavior( r = 0. 41,p < 0. 001). The moderator analysis revealed that trait gratitude measurement tools moderated the relationship between gratitude and prosocial behavior. However,the age of participants,measurement tools of prosocial behavior and culture had no moderate effect. In addition,the induction of state gratitude significantly impacted on prosocial behavior,with a large effect size( d = 0. 78,p < 0. 001). No moderators were found.The p-curve analysis showed that the p-curves of the two meta-analyzes were both significant right skew states,indicating that the relationship between the trait gratitude and prosocial behavior and the effect of state gratitude on the prosocial behavior both had real effects,not caused by publishing bias or p-hacking.
引文
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