基于政策工具视角的长三角地区机器人产业政策研究
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摘要
基于政策工具视角,分别从工具和创新链维度构建了机器人产业政策研究的二维框架,采用内容分析法对长三角地区2010—2017年的42份政策文本进行量化研究。研究发现,长三角地区机器人产业综合性政策较多,专项政策严重匮乏;政策工具存在使用严重不足和使用过溢的极化现象;政策信号功能有余,增量效应不足。最后针对上述问题提出对策建议。
Based on the perspective of policy tools, a two-dimensional framework for the study of robotic industry policies was constructed from the dimensions of tools and innovation chains, and content analysis was used to quantify 42 policy texts in the Yangtze River Delta from 2010 to 2017. It was concluded that, in the Yangtze River Delta, there were plenty of comprehensive policies of robot industry, with fewer specific policies; the gap of underused and overused policy tools were significantly widened; the policies had more signal effects than additionality effects. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions were proposed for solving the above problems.
Based on the perspective of policy tools, a two-dimensional framework for the study of robotic industry policies was constructed from the dimensions of tools and innovation chains, and content analysis was used to quantify 42 policy texts in the Yangtze River Delta from 2010 to 2017. It was concluded that, in the Yangtze River Delta, there were plenty of comprehensive policies of robot industry, with fewer specific policies; the gap of underused and overused policy tools were significantly widened; the policies had more signal effects than additionality effects. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions were proposed for solving the above problems.
引文
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[3]王伟光,余景年,彭莉.中国工业机器人产业技术研究:专利地图的视角[J].科技进步与对策,2017,34(7):55-61.
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[7] 董桂才.中国工业机器人在全球价值链的地位及变化趋势[J].中国科技论坛,2016(3):49-54,118.
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[11] 王法硕,钱慧.基于政策工具视角的长三角城市群智慧城市政策分析[J].情报杂志,2017,36(9):86-92.
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[14] 吕武.我国当前学前教育政策工具选择偏向及其影响:基于《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020)》以来的主要政策文本的分析[J].教育科学,2016,32(1):77-81.
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[16] 豪利特,拉米什.公共政策研究:政策循环与政策子系统[M].北京:三联书店,2006:144.
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[18] TUAN C, NG L F Y. Evolution of Hong Kong’s electronics industry under a passive industrial policy[J]. Managerial and Decision Economics, 1995, 16(5): 509-523.
[19] NORBERG-BOHM V. Stimulating ‘green’ technological innovation: an analysis of alternative policy mechanisms[J]. Policy Sciences, 1999, 32(1): 13-38.
[20] SHYU J Z, CHIU Y C. Innovation policy for developing Taiwan’s competitive advantages[J]. R&D Management, 2002, 32(4): 369-374.
[21] LAI H C, CHANG S C, SHYU J Z. The innovation policy priorities in industry evolution: the case of Taiwan’s semiconductor industry[J]. International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy, 2004, 1(1/2): 106-125.
[22] HUANG C Y, SHYU J Z, TZENG G H. Reconfiguring the innovation policy portfolios for Taiwan’s SIP Mall industry[J]. Technovation, 2007, 27(12): 744-765.
[23] TURKENBURG W C.The innovation chain:policies to promote energy innovation, energy for Sustainable Development[M]. New York: The UN Publications,2002:137.
[24] SEN N. Innovation chain and CSIR[J]. Current Science, 2003, 85(5): 570-574.
[25] TIMMERS P. Building effective public R&D programs[C]//PORTLAND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE . Management of engineering and technology, 1999 technology and innovation management PICMET. Warsaw:Portland international conference,1999:431-432.
[26] 王超,许海云,董坤,等.基于创新链的产业竞争情报分析框架与应用研究:以国内基因工程疫苗产业为例[J].情报理论与实践,2018,41(1):87-93.
[27] 谢青,田志龙.创新政策如何推动我国新能源汽车产业的发展:机遇政策工具与创新价值链的政策文本分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015,36(6):3-14.
[28] YIN R K. Case study research: design and methods [M]. Third edition. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 2003:211-212.
[29] 孙建军,裴雷,周兆韬,等.中国智慧城市政策理念多元解读及质性分析[J].图书与情报,2016(6):25-32.
[30] LIN C C, YANG C H, SHYUA J Z.A Comparison of innovation policy in the smart grid industry across the pacific:China and the USA[J].Energy Policy,2013(57):119-132.
[31] 周城雄,李美桂,林慧,等.战略性新兴产业:从政策工具、功能到政策评估[J].科学学研究,2017,35(3):346-353.
[32] VINEY L L. The assessment of psychological states through content analysis of verbal communications[J].Psychological Bulletin, 1983, 94( 3) : 542-563.
[33] 罗敏,朱雪忠.基于政策工具的中国低碳政策文本量化研究[J].情报杂志,2014,33(4)12-16.
[34] 黄萃,苏竣,施丽萍,等.政策工具视角的中国风能政策文本量化研究[J].科学学研究,2011,29(6):876-882.
[35] S?DERBLOM A, SAMUELSSON M, WIKLUND J, et al. Inside the black box of outcome additionality:effects of early-stage government subsidies on resource accumulation and new venture performance[J]. Research Policy, 2015, 44(8):1501-1512.
[36] FELDMAN M P, KELLEY M R. The ex ante assessment of knowledge spillovers: Government R&D policy, economic incentives and private firm behavior[J]. Research Policy, 2006, 35(10):1509-1521.
[37]QUINTAS P, GUY K. Collaborative, pre-competitive R&D and the firm[J]. Research Policy, 1995, 24(3): 325-348.
[38] LOW M B, ABRAHAMSON E. Movements, bandwagons, and clones: industry evolution and the entrepreneurial process[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 1997, 12(6): 435-457.
[39] 孙蕊,吴金希.我国战略性新兴产业政策文本量化研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理 [J].2015,36(2):3-9.
[40] 张慧颖,王丽苹,张颖春,等.改进A-U模型视角下我国战略性新兴产业的发展路径研究:以机器人产业为例[J].科技管理研究,2016,18(1):6-10.
[2]JU Y, SOHN S Y. Patent-based QFD framework development for identification of emerging technologies and related business models: a case of robot technology in Korea[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2015(94): 44-64.
[3]王伟光,余景年,彭莉.中国工业机器人产业技术研究:专利地图的视角[J].科技进步与对策,2017,34(7):55-61.
[4] LECHEVALIER S, NISHIMURA J, STORZ C. Diversity in patterns of industry evolution: how an intrapreneurial regime contributed to the emergence of the service robot industry[J]. Research Policy, 2014, 43(10): 1716-1729.
[5] YUN J H J, WON D K, JEONG E S, et al. The relationship between technology,business model,and market in autonomous car and intelligent robot industries[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2016(103): 142-155.
[6] 李丫丫,潘安. 工业机器人进口对中国制造业生产率提升的机理及实证研究[J].世界经济研究,2017(3):87-96,136.
[7] 董桂才.中国工业机器人在全球价值链的地位及变化趋势[J].中国科技论坛,2016(3):49-54,118.
[8] 仪德刚,张昕妍,杨漾.中国机器人初创期政策回顾[J].科技管理研究,2016(2):42-46,87.
[9] 杨威.我国工业机器人产业技术创新策略[J].宏观经济管理,2017(4):33-37.
[10] 陈军,张韵君.基于创新2.0的中国机器人产业发展政策分析[J].产经评论,2017(3):109-119.
[11] 王法硕,钱慧.基于政策工具视角的长三角城市群智慧城市政策分析[J].情报杂志,2017,36(9):86-92.
[12] MCDONNELL L, ELMORE R. Getting the job done: alternative policy instruments[J]. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 1987, 9(2):133-152.
[13] SCHNEIDER A, INGRAM H. Behavioral assumptions of policy tools[J]. The Journal of Politics, 1990, 52(2): 510-529.
[14] 吕武.我国当前学前教育政策工具选择偏向及其影响:基于《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020)》以来的主要政策文本的分析[J].教育科学,2016,32(1):77-81.
[15] DOERN G B, PHIDD R W. Canadian public policy: ideas, structure, process[M]. 2nd Edition. New York: Nelson Thomson Learning, 1992:247.
[16] 豪利特,拉米什.公共政策研究:政策循环与政策子系统[M].北京:三联书店,2006:144.
[17] ROTHWELL R O Y, ZEGVELD W. An assessment of government innovation policies[J]. Review of Policy Research, 1984, 3(3-4): 436-444.
[18] TUAN C, NG L F Y. Evolution of Hong Kong’s electronics industry under a passive industrial policy[J]. Managerial and Decision Economics, 1995, 16(5): 509-523.
[19] NORBERG-BOHM V. Stimulating ‘green’ technological innovation: an analysis of alternative policy mechanisms[J]. Policy Sciences, 1999, 32(1): 13-38.
[20] SHYU J Z, CHIU Y C. Innovation policy for developing Taiwan’s competitive advantages[J]. R&D Management, 2002, 32(4): 369-374.
[21] LAI H C, CHANG S C, SHYU J Z. The innovation policy priorities in industry evolution: the case of Taiwan’s semiconductor industry[J]. International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy, 2004, 1(1/2): 106-125.
[22] HUANG C Y, SHYU J Z, TZENG G H. Reconfiguring the innovation policy portfolios for Taiwan’s SIP Mall industry[J]. Technovation, 2007, 27(12): 744-765.
[23] TURKENBURG W C.The innovation chain:policies to promote energy innovation, energy for Sustainable Development[M]. New York: The UN Publications,2002:137.
[24] SEN N. Innovation chain and CSIR[J]. Current Science, 2003, 85(5): 570-574.
[25] TIMMERS P. Building effective public R&D programs[C]//PORTLAND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE . Management of engineering and technology, 1999 technology and innovation management PICMET. Warsaw:Portland international conference,1999:431-432.
[26] 王超,许海云,董坤,等.基于创新链的产业竞争情报分析框架与应用研究:以国内基因工程疫苗产业为例[J].情报理论与实践,2018,41(1):87-93.
[27] 谢青,田志龙.创新政策如何推动我国新能源汽车产业的发展:机遇政策工具与创新价值链的政策文本分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015,36(6):3-14.
[28] YIN R K. Case study research: design and methods [M]. Third edition. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 2003:211-212.
[29] 孙建军,裴雷,周兆韬,等.中国智慧城市政策理念多元解读及质性分析[J].图书与情报,2016(6):25-32.
[30] LIN C C, YANG C H, SHYUA J Z.A Comparison of innovation policy in the smart grid industry across the pacific:China and the USA[J].Energy Policy,2013(57):119-132.
[31] 周城雄,李美桂,林慧,等.战略性新兴产业:从政策工具、功能到政策评估[J].科学学研究,2017,35(3):346-353.
[32] VINEY L L. The assessment of psychological states through content analysis of verbal communications[J].Psychological Bulletin, 1983, 94( 3) : 542-563.
[33] 罗敏,朱雪忠.基于政策工具的中国低碳政策文本量化研究[J].情报杂志,2014,33(4)12-16.
[34] 黄萃,苏竣,施丽萍,等.政策工具视角的中国风能政策文本量化研究[J].科学学研究,2011,29(6):876-882.
[35] S?DERBLOM A, SAMUELSSON M, WIKLUND J, et al. Inside the black box of outcome additionality:effects of early-stage government subsidies on resource accumulation and new venture performance[J]. Research Policy, 2015, 44(8):1501-1512.
[36] FELDMAN M P, KELLEY M R. The ex ante assessment of knowledge spillovers: Government R&D policy, economic incentives and private firm behavior[J]. Research Policy, 2006, 35(10):1509-1521.
[37]QUINTAS P, GUY K. Collaborative, pre-competitive R&D and the firm[J]. Research Policy, 1995, 24(3): 325-348.
[38] LOW M B, ABRAHAMSON E. Movements, bandwagons, and clones: industry evolution and the entrepreneurial process[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 1997, 12(6): 435-457.
[39] 孙蕊,吴金希.我国战略性新兴产业政策文本量化研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理 [J].2015,36(2):3-9.
[40] 张慧颖,王丽苹,张颖春,等.改进A-U模型视角下我国战略性新兴产业的发展路径研究:以机器人产业为例[J].科技管理研究,2016,18(1):6-10.