湘西峒河流域水化学特征及无机碳通量计算
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摘要
为了掌握亚热带季风气候岩溶地区流域水化学变化特征及量化流域内岩石化学风化过程对吸收大气CO_2的贡献,文章选取湘西峒河流域作为研究对象,于2016年7—8月对研究区干流和7个子流域进行了水样采集与分析。结果表明:河水pH平均值为8. 31,总体呈偏碱性。EC与TDS的变化范围较大,这主要与流域内岩性的分布有关。水中离子以Ca~(2+)、HCO_3~-为主,水化学类型为HCO_3—Ca型,岩性控制水化学的组成。HCO_3~-、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)主要来源于碳酸盐岩的风化,其余离子来源多受人为活动影响。峒河流域干流的主要离子中,HCO_3~-、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度从上游至下游总体下降,反映了河流从碳酸盐岩区流向碎屑岩为主地层的过程。NO_3~-、K~+、Na~+、F~-、Cl~-和SO_24-呈增长趋势,说明峒河受人为污染影响较大,反映出人为活动的密集程度。通过子流域的划分可知流域上游主要受灰岩以及白云岩控制,中游以灰岩控制为主,下游受砂岩、泥岩及碎屑岩控制为主。收集流域最终出口吉首观测站一个水文年的数据并运用水化学—径流法估算出峒河流域无机碳通量为60 477. 33 t CO_2/a,碳汇强度为71. 15 t CO_2/(km~2·a)。
In order to examine the hydrochemical characteristics and quantify the contribution of petrochemical weathering processes to the absorption of atmospheric CO_2,this paper selects the Donghe River Basin in western Hunan as the study area,and 32 water samples from July,2016 to August,2016 were collected and analyzed. The results show that the river water has the pH value of 8. 31 and is slightly alkaline. The variation ranges of EC and TDS are large,which are mainly related to the distribution of lithology in the basin. The ions in water are dominated by Ca~(2+)and HCO_3~-and the hydrochemical type is HCO_3~-Ca type. The hydrochemical compositions of the water samples are affected by lithology. HCO_3~-,Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+)are mainly derived from the weathering of carbonate rocks,and sources of the other ions are affected by human activities. In the main ions of the water in the Donghe River Basin,HCO_3~-,Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+)show a decreasing trend from upstream to downstream,reflecting that rivers flow from carbonate rocks to clastic rocks. The growth trend of NO_3~-,K~+,Na~+,F~-,Cl~-and SO_24-shows that the influence of artificial pollution on the Donghe River is significant and can reflect the intensity of human activities. It is found from the subbasin investigation that hydrochemistry of the upper reaches of the basin is mainly controlled by limestone and dolomite,the middle reaches,by limestone,and the lower reaches,by sandstone,mudstone and other clastic rocks. The observed data of a hydrological year at the Jishou observation station was collected and the hydrochemical-runoff method is used to estimate the amount of inorganic carbon flux in the Donghe River Basin as 60477. 33 t CO_2/a and the carbon sink intensity as 71. 15 t CO_2/( km~2·a).
In order to examine the hydrochemical characteristics and quantify the contribution of petrochemical weathering processes to the absorption of atmospheric CO_2,this paper selects the Donghe River Basin in western Hunan as the study area,and 32 water samples from July,2016 to August,2016 were collected and analyzed. The results show that the river water has the pH value of 8. 31 and is slightly alkaline. The variation ranges of EC and TDS are large,which are mainly related to the distribution of lithology in the basin. The ions in water are dominated by Ca~(2+)and HCO_3~-and the hydrochemical type is HCO_3~-Ca type. The hydrochemical compositions of the water samples are affected by lithology. HCO_3~-,Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+)are mainly derived from the weathering of carbonate rocks,and sources of the other ions are affected by human activities. In the main ions of the water in the Donghe River Basin,HCO_3~-,Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+)show a decreasing trend from upstream to downstream,reflecting that rivers flow from carbonate rocks to clastic rocks. The growth trend of NO_3~-,K~+,Na~+,F~-,Cl~-and SO_24-shows that the influence of artificial pollution on the Donghe River is significant and can reflect the intensity of human activities. It is found from the subbasin investigation that hydrochemistry of the upper reaches of the basin is mainly controlled by limestone and dolomite,the middle reaches,by limestone,and the lower reaches,by sandstone,mudstone and other clastic rocks. The observed data of a hydrological year at the Jishou observation station was collected and the hydrochemical-runoff method is used to estimate the amount of inorganic carbon flux in the Donghe River Basin as 60477. 33 t CO_2/a and the carbon sink intensity as 71. 15 t CO_2/( km~2·a).
引文
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[2]倪健,王世杰,刘再华,等.中国喀斯特碳循环[J].地球与环境,2017,45(1):1.[NI J,WANG S J,LIU Z H,et al. China karst carbon cycle[J].Earth and Environment, 2017, 45(1):1.(in Chinese)]
[3]蒲俊兵,蒋忠诚,袁道先,等.岩石风化碳汇研究进展:基于IPCC第五次气候变化评估报告的分析[J].地球科学进展,2015,30(10):1081-1090.[PU J B,JIANG Z C,YUAN D X,et al. Some opinions on rock-weathering-related carbon sinks from the IPCC fifth assessment report[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2015,30(10):1081-1090.(in Chinese)]
[4]刘再华.碳酸盐岩岩溶作用对大气CO2沉降的贡献[J].中国岩溶,2000,19(4):293-300.[LIU Z H. Contribution of carbonate rock weathering to the atmospheric CO2sink[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2000,19(4):293-300.(in Chinese)]
[5]于奭,杜文越,孙平安,等.亚热带典型河流水化学特征、碳通量及影响因素[J].水文,2015(4):33-41.[YU S,DU W Y,SUN P A,et al. Study on chemical characteristics,carbon flux and influencing factors of typical rivers in subtropics[J]. Journal of China Hydrology,2015(4):33-41.(in Chinese)]
[6] HINDSHAW R S,TIPPER E T,REYNOLDS B C,et al. Hydrological control of stream water chemistry in a glacial catchment(Damma Glacier, Switzerland)[J]. Chemical Geology,2011,285(1):215-230.
[7]袁建飞,邓国仕,徐芬,等.西昌市尔乌泉域泉水水文地球化学特征及成因[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(4):15-22.[YUAN J F,DENG G S,XU F,et al. Hydrogeochemical characteristics and genesis of springs in thecatchment area of the Erwu spring of Xichang[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017,44(4):15-22.(in Chinese)]
[8]何师意,周锦忠,曾飞跃.岩溶地下河流域地下水资源评价——以湖南湘西大龙洞为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2007,34(5):33-36.[HE S Y,ZHOU J Z,ZENG F Y. Assessment on the karst water resources of Dalongdong underground river catchment of Xiangxi[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2007,34(5):33-36.(in Chinese)]
[9]邓振平,周小红,何师意,等.西南岩溶石山地区岩溶地下水示踪试验与分析——以湖南湘西大龙洞为例[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(2):163-169.[DENG Z P,ZHOU X H,HE S Y,et al. Analysis and tracing-test to karst groundwater in Southwest China karst rocky mountain area—A case study in Dalongdong,western Hunan[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2007,26(2):163-169.(in Chinese)]
[10]王文娟.湖南大龙洞地下河流域岩溶特征及其碳汇潜力研究[D].南宁:广西师范学院,2013.[WANG W J. The karst features research and potential calculation on carbon sink in the basin of Dalongdong underground in the Hunan province[D].Nanning:Guangxi Normal University, 2013.(in Chinese)]
[11]郭芳,姜光辉,夏青,等.土地利用影响下的岩溶地下水水化学变化特征[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(3):212-218.[GUO F,JIANG G H,XIA Q,et al. Hydro-chemical variation of karst groundwater under the impact of land use in Donghe catchment,Hunan[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2007,26(3):212-218.(in Chinese)]
[12]夏青.湘西峒河流域受人类活动影响的泉水硝酸根空间分布[D].桂林:桂林理工大学,2007.[XIA Q. Spatial distribution of nitrate in spring water affected by human activities in Donghe river basin in western Hunan province[D]. Guilin:Guilin University of Technology,2007.(in Chinese)]
[13]胡春华,周文斌,夏思奇.鄱阳湖流域水化学主离子特征及其来源分析[J].环境化学,2011,30(9):1620-1626.[HU C H,ZHOU W B,XIA S Q.Characteristics of major ions and the influence factors in Poyang lake catchment[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2011, 30(9):1620-1626.(in Chinese)]
[14] GROSBOIS C,NEGREL P,GRIMAUD D,et al. An overview of dissolved and suspended matter fluxes in the loire river basin:Natural and anthropogenic inputs[J]. Aquatic Geochemistry,2001,7(2):81-105.
[15]臧红飞,郑秀清,张永波,等.柳林泉域岩溶水中SO24-的来源探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(1):9-15.[ZANG H F,ZHENG X Q,ZHANG Y B,et al. Source of SO24-in karst groundwater in the Liulin spring area[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017,44(1):9-15.(in Chinese)]
[16]吴沿友,邢德科,刘莹.植物利用碳酸氢根离子的特征分析[J].地球与环境,2011,39(2):273-277.[WU Y Y, XING D K, LIU Y. The characteristics of bicarbonate used by plants[J].Earth and Environment,2011,39(2):273-277.(in Chinese)]
[17]刘再华,袁道先,何师意.岩溶动力系统水化学动态变化规律分析[J].中国岩溶,1999,18(2):103-108.[LIU Z H,YUAN D X,HE S Y. Analysis on the variation of hydrochemistry in karst dynamic system[J]. Carsologica Sinica,1999,18(2):103-108.(in Chinese)]
[18]康志强,袁道先,常勇,等.岩溶碳汇的主控因子——水循环[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(5):1542-1547.[KANG Z Q,YUAN D X,CHANG Y,et al. The main controlling factor of karst carbon sequestration:about water cycle[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2011,41(5):1542-1547.(in Chinese)]