具有直流故障阻断能力的MMC不对称型全桥子模块拓扑
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摘要
对于采用半桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器高压直流输电(MMC-HVDC)系统,直流故障穿越是有待解决的关键问题。为此,提出了一种具有直流故障阻断能力的基于模块化多电平换流器(MMC)的不对称型全桥子模块拓扑(AS-FBSM),该拓扑依靠二极管续流路径使半数子模块电容反向来抑制直流故障电流,同时利用二极管单向导电性防止故障点电弧重燃。分析了直流双极短路故障下,AS-FBSM的直流故障穿越的动态过程。PSCAD/EMTDC仿真结果验证了直流故障电流公式推导的正确性,而且AS-FBSM能够在毫秒级清除直流故障电流。最后,与其他具有直流故障阻断能力的子模块拓扑相比,AS-FBSM的直流故障阻断能力与混合型子模块(Hybrid SM)、二极管箝位式双子模块(DCDSM)等一样,且相对全桥型子模块(FBSM)和增强自阻型子模块(SBSM)是折半的;除了FBSM与SBSM之外,包括AS-FBSM在内的其余拓扑的器件用量大体相当;正常工作时,从回路中投入的功率器件数量上看,AS-FBSM和增强型混合子模块(EHSM)最接近半桥子模块。
For MMC-HVDC system with half-bridge sub-module(HBSM), the DC fault ride-through capability is a key problem to be solved. Thus, we propose an asymmetric full bridge sub-module(AS-FBSM) topology of multilevel modular converter(MMC) with DC fault blocking capability. With the half number of capacitors reversed by the diode continuous flow path, the DC fault current is suppressed. Meanwhile, the fault point arc reignition is prevented by using the unidirectional conductivity of diode. Then, the dynamics of AS-FBSM for DC fault ride-through under DC pole-to-pole short circuit fault condition is analyzed in detail. The PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results show that DC fault current formula is correct, and AS-FBSM can clear the DC fault current in milliseconds. Finally, compared with other sub module topologies with DC fault blocking capability, the DC fault blocking capability of AS-FBSM is the same as Hybrid SM, DCDSM, and so on, but weaker than FBSM and SBSM. Apart from FBSM and SBSM, the amount of the components of other topologies including AS-FBSM is generally the same. In terms of the number of devices inserted in the loop under normal working state, AS-FBSM and EHSM are the closest to HBSM.
For MMC-HVDC system with half-bridge sub-module(HBSM), the DC fault ride-through capability is a key problem to be solved. Thus, we propose an asymmetric full bridge sub-module(AS-FBSM) topology of multilevel modular converter(MMC) with DC fault blocking capability. With the half number of capacitors reversed by the diode continuous flow path, the DC fault current is suppressed. Meanwhile, the fault point arc reignition is prevented by using the unidirectional conductivity of diode. Then, the dynamics of AS-FBSM for DC fault ride-through under DC pole-to-pole short circuit fault condition is analyzed in detail. The PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results show that DC fault current formula is correct, and AS-FBSM can clear the DC fault current in milliseconds. Finally, compared with other sub module topologies with DC fault blocking capability, the DC fault blocking capability of AS-FBSM is the same as Hybrid SM, DCDSM, and so on, but weaker than FBSM and SBSM. Apart from FBSM and SBSM, the amount of the components of other topologies including AS-FBSM is generally the same. In terms of the number of devices inserted in the loop under normal working state, AS-FBSM and EHSM are the closest to HBSM.
引文
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[11]高阳,贺之渊,王成昊,等.一种新型混合式直流断路器[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1320-1325.GAO Yang,HE Zhiyuan,WANG Chenghao,et al.A new hybrid circuit breaker for DC-application[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1320-1325.
[12]赵成勇,陈晓芳,曹春刚,等.模块化多电平换流器HVDC直流侧故障控制保护策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(23):82-87.ZHAO Chengyong,CHEN Xiaofang,CAO Chungang,et al.Control and protection strategies for MMC-HVDC under DC faults[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(23):82-8.
[13]和敬涵,黄威博,李海英,等.FBMMC直流故障穿越机理及故障清除策略[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(10):1-7.HE Jinghan,HUANG Weibo,LI Haiying,et al.FBMMC DC fault ride-through mechanism and fault clearing strategy[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(10):1-7.
[14]MARQUARDT R.Modular multilevel converter topologies with DC-short circuit current limitation[C]∥Proceedings of the 2011 8th International Conference on Power Electronics and Ecce Asia.Jeju,Korea:IEEE,2011:1425-1431.
[15]薛英林,徐政.C-MMC直流故障穿越机理及改进拓扑方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(21):63-70.XUE Yinglin,XU Zheng.DC fault ride-through mechanism and improved topology scheme of C-MMC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(21):63-70.
[16]向往,林卫星,文劲宇,等.一种能够阻断直流故障电流的新型子模块拓扑及混合型模块化多电平换流器[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5171-5179.XIANG Wang,LIN Weixing,WEN Jinyu,et al.A new topology of sub-modules with DC fault current blocking capability and a new type of hybrid MMC converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5171-5179.
[17]张建坡,赵成勇.模块化多电平换流器子模块拓扑仿真分析[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(2):106-112.ZHANG Jianpo,ZHAO Chengyong.The simulations of sub module topologies of modular multilevel converter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(2):106-112.
[18]张建坡,赵成勇,孙海峰,等.模块化多电平换流器改进拓扑结构及其应用[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(8):173-179.ZHANG Jianpo,ZHAO Chengyong,SUN Haifeng,et al.Improved topology of modular multilevel converter and application[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(8):173-179.
[19]LI X Q,LIU W H,SONG Q,et al.An enhanced MMC topology with DC fault ride-through capability[C]//Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.Vienna,Austria:IEEE,2013:6182-6188.
[20]李笑倩,刘文华,宋强,等.一种具备直流清除能力的MMC换流器改进拓扑[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(36):6389-6397.LI Xiaoqian,LIU Wenhua,SONG Qiang,et al.An enhanced MMCtopology with DC fault clearance capability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(36):6389-6397.
[21]ZENG R,XU L,YAO L Z.An improved modular multilevel converter with DC fault blocking capability[C]//2014 IEEE PES General Meeting Conference&Exposition.National Harbor,USA:IEEE,2014:1-5.
[22]李帅,郭春义,赵成勇,等.一种具备直流故障穿越能力的低损耗MMC拓扑[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6801-6810.LI Shuai,GUO Chunyi,ZHAO Chengyong,et al.A novel MMC topology with lower power loss and DC fault ride-through capability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6801-6810.
[23]吴婧,姚良忠,王志冰,等.直流电网MMC拓扑及其直流故障电流阻断方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2681-2694.WU Jing,YAO Liangzhong,WANG Zhibing,et al.The study of MMCtopologies and their DC fault current blocking capacities in DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2681-2694.
[24]周猛,向往,林卫星,等.柔性直流电网直流线路故障主动限流控制[J].电网技术,2018,42(7):2062-2072.ZHOU Meng,XIANG Wang,LIN Weixing,et al.Active current limiting control to handle DC line fault of overhead DC grid[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(7):2062-2072.
[2]SAEEDIFARD M,IRAVANI R.Dynamic performance of a modular multilevel back-to-back HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(4):2903-2912.
[3]汤广福,王高勇,贺之渊,等.张北500 kV直流电网关键技术与设备研究[J].高电压技术,2018,44(7):2097-2106.TANG Guangfu,WANG Gaoyong,HE Zhiyuan,et al.Research on key technology and equipment for Zhangbei 500 kV DC grid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(7):2097-2106.
[4]严有祥,方晓临,张伟刚,等.厦门±320 kV柔性直流电缆输电工程电缆选型和敷设[J].高电压技术,2015,41(4):1147-1153.YAN Youxiang,FANG Xiaolin,ZHANG Weigang,et al.Cable section and laying of Xiamen±320 kV flexible DC cable transmission project[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(4):1147-1153.
[5]李亚男,蒋维勇,余世峰,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电工程系统设计[J].高电压技术,2014,40(8):2490-2496.LI Yanan,JIANG Weiyong,YU Shifeng,et al.System design of Zhoushan multi-terminal VSC-HVDC transmission project[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(8):2490-2496.
[6]杨海倩,王玮,荆龙,等.MMC-HVDC系统直流侧故障暂态特性分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):40-46.YANG Haiqian,WANG Wei,JING Long,et al.Analysis on transient characteristic of DC transmission line fault in MMC based HVDCtransmission system[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):40-46.
[7]汤广福,罗湘,魏晓光.多端直流输电与直流电网技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(10):8-17.TANG Guangfu,LUO Xiang,WEI Xiaoguang.Multi-terminal HVDCand DC-grid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(10):8-17.
[8]李斌,何佳伟.多端柔性直流电网故障隔离技术研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):87-95.LI Bin,HE Jiawei.Research on the DC fault isolating technique in multi-terminal DC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):87-95.
[9]FRANCK C.HVDC circuit breakers:a review identifying future research needs[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(2):998-1007.
[10]HASSANPOOR A,H?FNER J,JACOBSON B.Technical assessment of load commutation switch in hybrid HVDC breaker[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(10):5393-5400.
[11]高阳,贺之渊,王成昊,等.一种新型混合式直流断路器[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1320-1325.GAO Yang,HE Zhiyuan,WANG Chenghao,et al.A new hybrid circuit breaker for DC-application[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1320-1325.
[12]赵成勇,陈晓芳,曹春刚,等.模块化多电平换流器HVDC直流侧故障控制保护策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(23):82-87.ZHAO Chengyong,CHEN Xiaofang,CAO Chungang,et al.Control and protection strategies for MMC-HVDC under DC faults[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(23):82-8.
[13]和敬涵,黄威博,李海英,等.FBMMC直流故障穿越机理及故障清除策略[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(10):1-7.HE Jinghan,HUANG Weibo,LI Haiying,et al.FBMMC DC fault ride-through mechanism and fault clearing strategy[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(10):1-7.
[14]MARQUARDT R.Modular multilevel converter topologies with DC-short circuit current limitation[C]∥Proceedings of the 2011 8th International Conference on Power Electronics and Ecce Asia.Jeju,Korea:IEEE,2011:1425-1431.
[15]薛英林,徐政.C-MMC直流故障穿越机理及改进拓扑方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(21):63-70.XUE Yinglin,XU Zheng.DC fault ride-through mechanism and improved topology scheme of C-MMC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(21):63-70.
[16]向往,林卫星,文劲宇,等.一种能够阻断直流故障电流的新型子模块拓扑及混合型模块化多电平换流器[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5171-5179.XIANG Wang,LIN Weixing,WEN Jinyu,et al.A new topology of sub-modules with DC fault current blocking capability and a new type of hybrid MMC converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5171-5179.
[17]张建坡,赵成勇.模块化多电平换流器子模块拓扑仿真分析[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(2):106-112.ZHANG Jianpo,ZHAO Chengyong.The simulations of sub module topologies of modular multilevel converter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(2):106-112.
[18]张建坡,赵成勇,孙海峰,等.模块化多电平换流器改进拓扑结构及其应用[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(8):173-179.ZHANG Jianpo,ZHAO Chengyong,SUN Haifeng,et al.Improved topology of modular multilevel converter and application[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(8):173-179.
[19]LI X Q,LIU W H,SONG Q,et al.An enhanced MMC topology with DC fault ride-through capability[C]//Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.Vienna,Austria:IEEE,2013:6182-6188.
[20]李笑倩,刘文华,宋强,等.一种具备直流清除能力的MMC换流器改进拓扑[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(36):6389-6397.LI Xiaoqian,LIU Wenhua,SONG Qiang,et al.An enhanced MMCtopology with DC fault clearance capability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(36):6389-6397.
[21]ZENG R,XU L,YAO L Z.An improved modular multilevel converter with DC fault blocking capability[C]//2014 IEEE PES General Meeting Conference&Exposition.National Harbor,USA:IEEE,2014:1-5.
[22]李帅,郭春义,赵成勇,等.一种具备直流故障穿越能力的低损耗MMC拓扑[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6801-6810.LI Shuai,GUO Chunyi,ZHAO Chengyong,et al.A novel MMC topology with lower power loss and DC fault ride-through capability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6801-6810.
[23]吴婧,姚良忠,王志冰,等.直流电网MMC拓扑及其直流故障电流阻断方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2681-2694.WU Jing,YAO Liangzhong,WANG Zhibing,et al.The study of MMCtopologies and their DC fault current blocking capacities in DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2681-2694.
[24]周猛,向往,林卫星,等.柔性直流电网直流线路故障主动限流控制[J].电网技术,2018,42(7):2062-2072.ZHOU Meng,XIANG Wang,LIN Weixing,et al.Active current limiting control to handle DC line fault of overhead DC grid[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(7):2062-2072.