深圳市产妇、新生儿和少儿体内重金属负荷水平研究
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摘要
目的了解深圳市敏感人群体内铬、砷、镉、汞、铅5种重金属的负荷水平。方法选择环境重金属污染敏感人群(包括产妇、新生儿和3~5年级儿童),采集产妇静脉血、胎儿脐血、儿童静脉血以及产妇和儿童的尿液,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定全血和尿液中镉、铅、铬、砷、汞的含量。结果产妇静脉血中铬、砷、镉、汞、铅质量浓度分别为2.58、1.57、0.99、1.66和18.52μg/L,新生儿脐带血重金属质量浓度分别为1.63、1.49、0.03、3.28和15.38μg/L;产妇尿中5种重金属的质量浓度分别为4.41、94.85、1.58、2.02和6.14μg/g·肌酐,尿镉和尿汞超标率分别为2.63%和7.14%;儿童静脉血中铬、砷、镉、汞、铅质量浓度分别为3.90、1.94、0.48、1.67和30.85μg/L,3名儿童血铅超标,尿中5种重金属的质量浓度分别为4.19、107.67、0.79、1.20和4.21μg/g·肌酐,仅1名儿童尿砷超标,12名儿童尿汞超标;尿样与血样中砷、镉、汞质量浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论人体生物样本中重金属质量浓度个体差异较大,本次调查的深圳地区重金属污染敏感人群(产妇、新生儿和儿童)体内重金属负荷水平远低于大多数其它国家和地区,但仍存在重金属铅、砷、汞、镉超标情况。
Objective To investigate the body burden of chromium( Cr),arsenic( As),cadmium( Cd),mercury( Hg) and lead( Pb) in susceptible population in Shenzhen. Methods The concentration of Cr,As,Cd,Hg and Pb in blood and urine of susceptible population,including venous blood and urine of parturient women,umbilical cord blood,venous blood and urine of school children at grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ,were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry( ICP-MS) to determine the environmental pollution of heavy metals in Shenzhen. Results The concentration of Cr,As,Cd,Hg and Pb in maternal blood samples were 2. 58,1. 57,0. 99,1. 66 and 18. 52 μg / L respectively; and the concentration in cord blood samples were 1. 63,1. 49,0. 03,3. 28 and 15. 38 μg / L,respectively. According to the existing national standard,the concentration of Cd and Hg in 2. 63% and 7. 14% of maternal urine samples were exceeded the upper limits; the concentration of Pb in blood of 3 children,the concentration of As in urine of 1 children,and the concentration of Hg in urine of 12 children were exceeded the upper limits. The concentration of As,Cd and Hg in blood was correlated with those in urine( P < 0. 05). Conclusions There was a great individual variation on the concentrations of heavy metal in biological samples. The exposure of heavy metals in susceptible population in Shenzhen was lower than that in other countries and areas,but the pollution of Pb,As,Hg and Cd should be taken into account.
Objective To investigate the body burden of chromium( Cr),arsenic( As),cadmium( Cd),mercury( Hg) and lead( Pb) in susceptible population in Shenzhen. Methods The concentration of Cr,As,Cd,Hg and Pb in blood and urine of susceptible population,including venous blood and urine of parturient women,umbilical cord blood,venous blood and urine of school children at grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ,were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry( ICP-MS) to determine the environmental pollution of heavy metals in Shenzhen. Results The concentration of Cr,As,Cd,Hg and Pb in maternal blood samples were 2. 58,1. 57,0. 99,1. 66 and 18. 52 μg / L respectively; and the concentration in cord blood samples were 1. 63,1. 49,0. 03,3. 28 and 15. 38 μg / L,respectively. According to the existing national standard,the concentration of Cd and Hg in 2. 63% and 7. 14% of maternal urine samples were exceeded the upper limits; the concentration of Pb in blood of 3 children,the concentration of As in urine of 1 children,and the concentration of Hg in urine of 12 children were exceeded the upper limits. The concentration of As,Cd and Hg in blood was correlated with those in urine( P < 0. 05). Conclusions There was a great individual variation on the concentrations of heavy metal in biological samples. The exposure of heavy metals in susceptible population in Shenzhen was lower than that in other countries and areas,but the pollution of Pb,As,Hg and Cd should be taken into account.
引文
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[18]张帅明,戴耀华,谢晓桦,等.中国15城市儿童血铅水平及影响因素现况调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2005,26(9):651-654.
[19]Sawalha AF,Wright RO,Bellinger DC,et al.Blood lead level among Palestinian schoolchildren:a pilot study[J].East Mediterr Health J,2013,19(2):151-155.
[20]樊宁,刘凤兰,蒋培荣.铅作业工人血铅、尿铅和血常规检测结果分析[J].职业与健康,2011,27(9):982-983.
[2]吴库生,庄婉莉.脐带血重金属负荷与孕妇、新生儿健康关系[J].华南预防医学,2012,38(1):23-27,31.
[3]黄庆华.重金属污染对学龄儿童体格发育的影响[J].中国医药导报,2010,18(7):135-136.
[4]苏瑶.无锡市某铅蓄电池生产企业铅作业工人职业健康检查结果[J].职业与健康,2012,28(1):23-24.
[5]张鹏,刘弢,金玫华,等.蓄电池组装企业铅作业劳动者职业健康状况调查[J].卫生研究,2011,40(2):242.
[6]原中华人民共和国卫生部.GBZ 37-2002职业性慢性铅中毒诊断标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[7]原中华人民共和国卫生部.GBZ 17-2002职业性镉中毒诊断标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[8]原中华人民共和国卫生部.GBZ 89-2007职业性汞中毒诊断标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[9]苏汉惠,陈卫,张锦周.深圳市非砷接触者尿砷的含量水平[J].中国职业医学,1994,21(4):6.
[10]Moon CS,Paik JM,Choi CS,et al.Lead and cadmium levels in daily foods,blood and urine in children and their mothers in Korea[J].Int Arch Occup Environ Health,2003,76(4):282-288.
[11]BatáriováA,SpeváckováV,Benes B,et al.Blood and urinelevels of Pb,Cd and Hg in the general population of the Czech Republic and proposed reference values[J].Int J Hyg Environ Health,2006,209(4):359-366.
[12]Schell LM,Denham M,Stark AD,et al.Maternal blood lead concentration,diet during pregnancy,and anthropometry predict neonatal blood lead in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population[J].Environ Health Perspect,2003,111(2):195-200.
[13]Schober SE,Sinks TH,Jones RL,et al.Blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age,1999-2000[J].JAMA,2003,289(13):1667-1674.
[14]余晓丹,颜崇淮,沈晓明,等.上海市婴幼儿胎儿期重金属暴露水平及危险因素[J].中华预防医学杂志,2011,45(9):806-809.
[15]余淑苑,彭朝琼,季佳佳,等.产妇血和新生儿脐带血重金属及其他元素水平调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(12):1108-1111.
[16]Yorbik O,Kurt I,Ha爧imi A,et al.Chromium,cadmium,and lead levels in urine of children with autism and typically developing controls[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2010,135(1-3):10-15.
[17]张建裕,龚华.2 094例儿童微量元素铅、镉、铜含量分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2012,27(1):69-70.
[18]张帅明,戴耀华,谢晓桦,等.中国15城市儿童血铅水平及影响因素现况调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2005,26(9):651-654.
[19]Sawalha AF,Wright RO,Bellinger DC,et al.Blood lead level among Palestinian schoolchildren:a pilot study[J].East Mediterr Health J,2013,19(2):151-155.
[20]樊宁,刘凤兰,蒋培荣.铅作业工人血铅、尿铅和血常规检测结果分析[J].职业与健康,2011,27(9):982-983.