柴达木盆地西北部长垄状雅丹沉积物粒度特征
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摘要
雅丹是干旱区常见的风蚀地貌,也是风沙地貌学界关注和争论的焦点。以柴达木盆地西北部冷湖地区的典型长垄状雅丹为对象,对其出露剖面的沉积物粒度特征进行了研究。结果表明:长垄状雅丹沉积物中粉沙组分含量最高,平均为44.03%;沙粒组分含量次之,平均为35.99%;黏粒组含量最低,平均为19.98%。沉积物频率曲线既有主次峰明确的双峰分布曲线,也有主次峰不明确的双峰和单峰分布曲线;前者可能为风力搬运堆积形成的沉积物,后两种曲线宽平,沉积物分选性差,可能为湖相沉积形成。沉积粒度参数在垂直剖面呈现出一定的变化规律,但是粒度参数之间没有显著的相关关系。长垄状雅丹沉积物呈明显的软硬岩层(即沙质亚砂土与粉质黏土或沙质亚黏土与粉质亚黏土)互层的现象,这为风力的吹蚀和磨蚀作用创造了有利条件。
Yardangs are the widespread aeolian erosion landforms in the arid regions,and also the research and argument focus of the aeolian geomorphologists. This paper selects the typical long ridge yardangs of Lenghu area in the northwestern Qaidam Basin,and investigates the grain size characteristics of sediments in the outcrop profile. The results indicated that the content of silt grain size is the highest in the long ridge yardangs' sediments,achieving 44.03% in average,and sand grain size is in the second place,with a mean content of 35.99%,and the content of clay grain size is the lowest,with an average content merely 19.98%. The frequency curves contain not only bimodal distribution pattern with definite main and secondary peaks,but also bimodal distribution pattern with vague main and secondary peaks and single modal distribution pattern. The former probably represents aeolian sediments;while the frequency curves of the later are flat and wide,and the sorting is poor,therefore they probably represent lacustrine sediments. Grain size parameters show regular variation at some degree in the vertical long ridge yardang profile,however,there are no obvious correlation relationship among parameters. Grain size characteristics demonstrated that long ridge yardangs were composed of interbedded soft and hard strata,which can be made use of by wind deflation and abrasion.
Yardangs are the widespread aeolian erosion landforms in the arid regions,and also the research and argument focus of the aeolian geomorphologists. This paper selects the typical long ridge yardangs of Lenghu area in the northwestern Qaidam Basin,and investigates the grain size characteristics of sediments in the outcrop profile. The results indicated that the content of silt grain size is the highest in the long ridge yardangs' sediments,achieving 44.03% in average,and sand grain size is in the second place,with a mean content of 35.99%,and the content of clay grain size is the lowest,with an average content merely 19.98%. The frequency curves contain not only bimodal distribution pattern with definite main and secondary peaks,but also bimodal distribution pattern with vague main and secondary peaks and single modal distribution pattern. The former probably represents aeolian sediments;while the frequency curves of the later are flat and wide,and the sorting is poor,therefore they probably represent lacustrine sediments. Grain size parameters show regular variation at some degree in the vertical long ridge yardang profile,however,there are no obvious correlation relationship among parameters. Grain size characteristics demonstrated that long ridge yardangs were composed of interbedded soft and hard strata,which can be made use of by wind deflation and abrasion.
引文
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[8]杨更.新疆雅丹地貌分布特征浅析[J].四川地质学报,2009,29(6):286-290.
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[10]屈建军,郑本兴,俞祁浩,等.罗布泊东阿奇克谷地雅丹地貌与库姆塔格沙漠形成的关系[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(3):294-300.
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[12]Dong Z B,Lv P,Lu J F,et al.Geomorphology and origin of Yardangs in the Kumtagh Desert,Northwest China[J].Geomorphology,2012,139/140:145-154.
[13]董治宝,苏志珠,钱广强,等.库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
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[15]Halimov M,Fezer F.Eight yardang types in central Asia[J].Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie,1989,33(2):205-217.
[16]Li J Y,Dong Z B,Qian G Q,et al.Yardangs in the Qaidam Basin,northwestern China:distribution and morphology[J].Aeolian Research,2016,20:89-99.
[17]李继彦,董治宝.柴达木盆地东南部雅丹地貌形态参数研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(4):122-125.
[18]李继彦,董治宝,李恩菊,等.察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌沉积物粒度特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(5):1187-1192.
[19]李继彦,董治宝,李恩菊,等.察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌区风况分析[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(5):1293-1298.
[20]陈丙咸,吕明强.柴达木盆地的荒漠地貌[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1959(6):35-42.
[21]向理平.柴达木盆地地貌[M]//青海省农牧业综合区划研究所.青海省资源区划发展论文集.西宁:青海人民出版社,1992:107-115.
[22]曾永年,冯兆东,曹广超.末次冰期以来柴达木盆地沙漠形成与演化[J].地理学报,2003,58(3):452-457.
[23]Chen K Z,Bowler J M.Late pleistocene evolution of salt lakes in the Qaidam basin,Qinghai province,China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1986,54(1/2/3/4):87-104.
[24]成都地质学院陕北队.沉积岩(物)粒度分析及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[25]Folk R L,Ward W C.Brazos river bar:a study in the significance of grain size parameters[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1957,27(1):3-26.
[26]任明达,王乃梁.现代沉积环境概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[27]Liu B L,Qu J J,Ning D H,et al.Grain-size study of aeolian sediments found east of Kumtagh Desert[J].Aeolian Research,2014,13:1-6.
[28]Visher G S.Grain size distributions and depositional processes[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1969,39(3):1074-1106.
[2]Cooke R,Warren A,Goudie A.Desert Geomorphology[M].London,UK:UCL Press,1993.
[3]Lancaster N.Geomorphology of Desert Dunes[M].London,UK:Routledge,1995.
[4]McCauley J F,Breed C S,Grolier M J.Yardangs[M]//Doehring D O.Geomorphology in Arid Regions.Boston,USA:Allen&Unwin,1977:233-269.
[5]Laity J E.Landforms,Landscapes,and Processes of Aeolian Erosion[M]//Parsons A J,Abrahams A D.Geomorphology of Desert Environments.Berlin,Germany:Springer,2009:597-627.
[6]牛清河,屈建军,李孝泽,等.雅丹地貌研究评述与展望[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(5):516-527.
[7]夏训诚.罗布泊地区雅丹地貌的成因[M]//夏训诚.罗布泊科学考察与研究.北京:科学出版社,1987:52-59.
[8]杨更.新疆雅丹地貌分布特征浅析[J].四川地质学报,2009,29(6):286-290.
[9]郑本兴,张林源,胡孝宏.玉门关西雅丹地貌的分布和特征及形成时代问题[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(1):40-46.
[10]屈建军,郑本兴,俞祁浩,等.罗布泊东阿奇克谷地雅丹地貌与库姆塔格沙漠形成的关系[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(3):294-300.
[11]穆斯塔法·哈里默夫,弗里茨·弗兹尔.中央亚细亚的八种雅丹地貌类型[J].中国沙漠,1990,10(1):1-12.
[12]Dong Z B,Lv P,Lu J F,et al.Geomorphology and origin of Yardangs in the Kumtagh Desert,Northwest China[J].Geomorphology,2012,139/140:145-154.
[13]董治宝,苏志珠,钱广强,等.库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[14]范锡朋.柴达木盆地西北部冷湖地区地貌概论[J].地理学报,1962,28(4):275-289.
[15]Halimov M,Fezer F.Eight yardang types in central Asia[J].Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie,1989,33(2):205-217.
[16]Li J Y,Dong Z B,Qian G Q,et al.Yardangs in the Qaidam Basin,northwestern China:distribution and morphology[J].Aeolian Research,2016,20:89-99.
[17]李继彦,董治宝.柴达木盆地东南部雅丹地貌形态参数研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(4):122-125.
[18]李继彦,董治宝,李恩菊,等.察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌沉积物粒度特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(5):1187-1192.
[19]李继彦,董治宝,李恩菊,等.察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌区风况分析[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(5):1293-1298.
[20]陈丙咸,吕明强.柴达木盆地的荒漠地貌[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1959(6):35-42.
[21]向理平.柴达木盆地地貌[M]//青海省农牧业综合区划研究所.青海省资源区划发展论文集.西宁:青海人民出版社,1992:107-115.
[22]曾永年,冯兆东,曹广超.末次冰期以来柴达木盆地沙漠形成与演化[J].地理学报,2003,58(3):452-457.
[23]Chen K Z,Bowler J M.Late pleistocene evolution of salt lakes in the Qaidam basin,Qinghai province,China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1986,54(1/2/3/4):87-104.
[24]成都地质学院陕北队.沉积岩(物)粒度分析及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[25]Folk R L,Ward W C.Brazos river bar:a study in the significance of grain size parameters[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1957,27(1):3-26.
[26]任明达,王乃梁.现代沉积环境概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[27]Liu B L,Qu J J,Ning D H,et al.Grain-size study of aeolian sediments found east of Kumtagh Desert[J].Aeolian Research,2014,13:1-6.
[28]Visher G S.Grain size distributions and depositional processes[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1969,39(3):1074-1106.