马尾松与红椎纯林及混交林生态系统碳储量研究
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摘要
为了解树种与造林模式对人工林生态系统碳储量的影响,在南亚热带相同立地上,采用样地调查方法,对33年生马尾松纯林(PCL)、红椎纯林(CCL)、马尾松×红椎同龄混交林(PCM)生态系统碳储量进行了研究。结果表明:PCM、PCL、CCL人工林生态系统碳储量分别为:235.38、196.40、144.59 t/hm2,处理间差异显著(P <0.05),混交林生态系统碳储量显著高于纯林,马尾松纯林显著高于红椎纯林。PCM、PCL、CCL人工林生态系统碳储量在不同层次的分配比例,乔木层分别为:53.70%、54.05%、33.02%;地被物层为:1.47%、2.06%、1.37%;土壤层为:44.83%、43.89%、65.61%。生态系统碳储量在不同层次分配比例排序,PCM、PCL都为乔木层>土壤层>地被物层;CCL为土壤层>乔木层>地被物层,乔木层和土壤层碳储量占生态系统碳储量的97.94%～98.63%,地被物层仅占1.37%～2.06%。
In order to understand the effects of tree species and planting patterns on carbon storage in plantation ecosystem, the carbon storage in 33-year-old pure Pinus massoniana forest(PCL), pure Castanopsis hystrix forest(CCL) and their even-age mixed forest(PCM) were studied by plot investigation. The results showed that there were significant differences in the carbon storage of PCM, PCL and CCL plantation ecosystems(P < 0.05).The carbon storage contents were 235.38, 196.40 and 144.59 t/hm~2 respectively.The carbon storage in mixed plantation ecosystem was significantly higher than that in pure plantation,while in pure plantation, PCL was significantly higher than that of CCL. The distribution ratio of carbon storage in different tree species and models was different in different layers, in the arbor layer the ratio was 53.70%、54.05%、33.02%; in the ground cover was 1.47%、2.06%、1.37%; and in the soil layer was 44.83%、43.89%、65.61%. The distribution ratio of PCM,PCL was the highest in the arbor layer, followed by the soil layer and then the ground cover layer. While the soil layer was the highest, followed by the arbor layer and then the ground cover layer of CCL The proportion of carbon storage in the arbor layer and soil layer is 97.94%-98.63% of the total carbon storage in ecosystem, while that in ground cover layer is only 1.37%-2.06%.
In order to understand the effects of tree species and planting patterns on carbon storage in plantation ecosystem, the carbon storage in 33-year-old pure Pinus massoniana forest(PCL), pure Castanopsis hystrix forest(CCL) and their even-age mixed forest(PCM) were studied by plot investigation. The results showed that there were significant differences in the carbon storage of PCM, PCL and CCL plantation ecosystems(P < 0.05).The carbon storage contents were 235.38, 196.40 and 144.59 t/hm~2 respectively.The carbon storage in mixed plantation ecosystem was significantly higher than that in pure plantation,while in pure plantation, PCL was significantly higher than that of CCL. The distribution ratio of carbon storage in different tree species and models was different in different layers, in the arbor layer the ratio was 53.70%、54.05%、33.02%; in the ground cover was 1.47%、2.06%、1.37%; and in the soil layer was 44.83%、43.89%、65.61%. The distribution ratio of PCM,PCL was the highest in the arbor layer, followed by the soil layer and then the ground cover layer. While the soil layer was the highest, followed by the arbor layer and then the ground cover layer of CCL The proportion of carbon storage in the arbor layer and soil layer is 97.94%-98.63% of the total carbon storage in ecosystem, while that in ground cover layer is only 1.37%-2.06%.
引文
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[31]郭琦,王新杰.不同混交模式杉木人工林林下植被生物量与土壤物理性质研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(5):70-74.
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[38]郑顺安,常庆瑞.黄土高原不同类型人工林对土壤肥力的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(2):119-123.
[2]PIELKE R J,WIGLEY T,GREEN C.Dangerous assumptions[J].Nature,2008,452,531-532.
[3]SOLOMON S,PLATTNER G K,KNUTTI R,et al.Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of UAS,2009,106:1704-1709.
[4]周广胜,邢雪荣,王辉民.植被在全球气候变化中的作用[J].植物学通报,1995(12):190-194.
[5]张志强,曲建升,曾静静.温室气体排放评价指标及其定量分析[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):693-702.
[6]FANG J Y,CHEN A P,PENG C H,et al.Changes in forest biomass carbon storage in China between 1949 and 1998[J].Science,2001,292(5525):2320-2322.
[7]CALDEIRA K,DUFFY P B.The role of the southern ocean in uptake and storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide[J].Science,2000,287(5453):620-622.
[8]NORBY R J,LUO Y Q.Evaluating ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric CO2 and global warming in a multi-factor world[J].New Phytologist,2006,162(2):281-293.
[9]WOODWELL G M,WHITTAKER R H,REINERS W A,et al.The biota and the world carbon budget[J].Science,1978,199(4325):141-146.
[10]POST W M,EMANUEL W R,ZINKE P J,et al.Soil carbon pools and world life zones[J].Nature,1982,298(5870):156-159.
[11]HOUGHTON R A.Aboveground forest biomass and the global carbon balance[J].Global Change Biology,2005,17(2):279-296.
[12]张小全,李怒云,武曙红.森林、林业活动与温室气体的减排增汇[J].林业科学,2005,41(5):139-143.
[13]WU S H,ZHANG X Q,LI J Q.Baseline issues for forest-based carbon sink project on Clean Development Mechanism(CDM)[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2006,42(4):112-116.
[14]WANG H,LIU S R,WANG J X,et al.Effects of tree species mixture on soil organic carbon stocks and greenhouse gas fluxes in subtropical plantations in China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2013,300:4-13.
[15]VALLET P,MEREDIEU C,SEYNAVE I.Species substitution for carbon storage:Sessile oak versus Corsican pine in France as a case study[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2009,257:1314-1323.
[16]SCHULP C,NABUURS G,VERBUG P,et al.Effect of tree species on carbon stocks in forest floor and mineral soil and implications for soil carbon inventories[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008,256:482-490.
[17]ZHENG H,OUYANG Z,XU W,et al.Variation of carbon storage by different reforestation types in the hilly red soil region of southern China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255:1113-1121.
[18]CHRISTOPHER S G,ROBERT B J.Risks to forest carbon offset projects in a changing climate[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2009,257(11):2209-2216.
[19]樊后保,李燕燕,苏兵强,等.马尾松阔叶树混交异龄林生物量与生产力分配格局[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2463-2473.
[20]明安刚,刘世荣,李华,等.近自然化改造对马尾松和杉木人工林生物量及其分配的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(23):7833-7842.
[21]霍常富,王朋,陈龙池,等.杉木人工林蓄积量和生态系统碳数量成熟龄的关系[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(9):94-99.
[22]刘灵,张含,张明国,等.樟子松含碳量家系变异与高碳汇家系选择[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(2):44-49.
[23]刘之洲,宁晨,闫文德,等.喀斯特地区三种针叶林林分生物量及碳储量研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(10):105-111.
[24]陈雷,孙冰,曹福亮,等.不同银杏复合经营系统对碳储量的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(10):112-117.
[25]何友均,覃林,李智勇,等.西南桦纯林与西南桦×红椎混交林碳贮量比较[J].生态学报,2012,32(23):7586-7594.
[26]明安刚,刘世荣,莫慧华,等.南亚热带红锥、杉木纯林与混交林碳贮量比较[J].生态学报,2016,36(1):244-251.
[27]YOU Y M,HUANG X M,ZHU H G,et al.Positive interactions between Pinus massoniana and Castanopsis hystrixspecies in the uneven-aged mixed plantations can produce more ecosystem carbon in subtropical China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2018,410:193-200.
[28]卢立华,贾宏炎,农友,等.红椎经营模式对林木生长及乔木层碳储量的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(12):63-66.
[29]HE Y J,QIN L,LI Z Y,et al.Carbon storage capacity of monoculture and mixed-species plantations in subtropical China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2013,295:193-198.
[30]明安刚,张治军,谌红辉,等.抚育间伐对马尾松人工林生物量与碳贮量的影响[J].林业科学,2013,49(10):1-6.
[31]郭琦,王新杰.不同混交模式杉木人工林林下植被生物量与土壤物理性质研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(5):70-74.
[32]徐慧芳,宋同清,黄国勤,等.广西不同林龄马尾松碳储量及分配格局[J].农业现代化研究,2016,37(1):195-203.
[33]卢立华,汪炳根,何日明.立地与栽培模式对红椎生长的影响[J].林业科学研究,1999,12(5):519-523.
[34]秦国峰.马尾松地理种源[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2003.
[35]卢立华,贾宏炎,何日明,等.南亚热带6种人工林凋落物的初步研究[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(3):346-352.
[36]樊后保,李燕燕,孙新,等.马尾松纯林及其与阔叶树混交林的凋落量与养分通量[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(5):521-527.
[37]HUANG Y H,LI Y L,XIAO Y,et al.Controls of litter quality on the carbon sink in soils through partitioning the products of decomposing litter in a forest succession series in south China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2011,261(7):1170-1177.
[38]郑顺安,常庆瑞.黄土高原不同类型人工林对土壤肥力的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(2):119-123.