“一带一路”、开放环境与产业集聚发展
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摘要
改革开放40年以来,我国开放环境始终经历着动态调整与优化,"一带一路"合作倡议更是催化开放格局、开放理念、开放内容以及开放动力进行升级。经济全球化推动的"产业集群热"成为各国提升生产竞争力的必要选择,我国第二产业和第三产业亦存在显著的空间集聚效应。"一带一路"倡议为我国改善中西部地区开放环境提供了强大的支持,开放环境与产业集聚通过驱动机制、引导机制、鼓励机制和循环机制建立了密不可分的联系。回归结果表明,我国开放环境的空间布局正朝着有利于第二产业集聚的方向调整,且对外开放程度的提升有利于第三产业集聚,但要注意其中存在的负面临近效应。因此,应紧抓"一带一路"机遇,推动全球市场实现"供需匹配",统筹产业"引进来"与"走出去",使开放环境为产业合理集聚发展发挥出更大效用。
Since the 40 years of reform and opening up,China's open environment has been undergoing dynamic adjustment and optimization. The Belt and Road Initiative aims is to upgrade our open pattern,open concept,open content and open driving force. The "industrial cluster model"promoted by economic globalization has become a necessary choice for all countries to enhance their competitiveness in production. Secary industry and teritary industry in China both have a significant a spatial agglomeration effect. The initiative of the Belt and Road provides strong support for China to improve the open environment in the central and western regions. Open environment and industrial agglomeration are closely related a through a driving mechanism,guiding mechanism,encouraging mechanism and circulating mechanism. The regression results show that the spatial structure of China's open environment is adjusting in favor of secondary industry agglomeration. The degree of opening up is conducive to teritary industry agglomeration. However,we need to pay attention to the negative proximity effect. Therefore,we should grasp the opportunity of "the Belt and Road Initiative",promote the global market to achieve "supply and demand matching",integrate "bringing in"and "walking out"and make the open environment play a greater role for the reasonable scale development of industrial agglomeration.
Since the 40 years of reform and opening up,China's open environment has been undergoing dynamic adjustment and optimization. The Belt and Road Initiative aims is to upgrade our open pattern,open concept,open content and open driving force. The "industrial cluster model"promoted by economic globalization has become a necessary choice for all countries to enhance their competitiveness in production. Secary industry and teritary industry in China both have a significant a spatial agglomeration effect. The initiative of the Belt and Road provides strong support for China to improve the open environment in the central and western regions. Open environment and industrial agglomeration are closely related a through a driving mechanism,guiding mechanism,encouraging mechanism and circulating mechanism. The regression results show that the spatial structure of China's open environment is adjusting in favor of secondary industry agglomeration. The degree of opening up is conducive to teritary industry agglomeration. However,we need to pay attention to the negative proximity effect. Therefore,we should grasp the opportunity of "the Belt and Road Initiative",promote the global market to achieve "supply and demand matching",integrate "bringing in"and "walking out"and make the open environment play a greater role for the reasonable scale development of industrial agglomeration.
引文
[1]SERGIO MARIOTTI,LUCIA PISCITELLO,STEFANO ELIA. Spatial Agglomeration of Multinational Enterprises:the Role of Information Externalities and Knowledge Spillovers[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2010,10(4).
[2] WILBUR CHUNG,ARTURS KALNINS. Agglomeration Effects and Performance:a test of the Texas Lodging Industry[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(10).
[3]卢飞,刘明辉,孙元元.集聚、全要素生产率与产业增长[J].科学学研究,2018(9).
[4]王缉慈.超越集群———中国产业集群的理论探索[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[5]杜威剑,李梦洁.产业集聚会促进企业产品创新吗?———基于中国工业企业数据库的实证研究[J].产业经济研究,2015(4).
[6]王丽丽.集聚、贸易开放与全要素生产率增长———基于中国制造业行业的门槛效应检验[J].产业经济研究,2012(1).
[7]韩庆潇,杨晨,陈潇潇.中国制造业集聚与产业升级的关系———基于创新的中介效应分析[J].研究与发展管理,2015,27(6).
[8]陶永亮,赵婷.大国开放路径及影响研究———兼论“一带一路”和长江经济带战略对空间经济绩效的影响[J].经济问题探索,2018(8).
[9]SUKKOO KIM. Regions,Resources,and Economic Geography:Sources of U. S. Regional Comparative Advantage,1880—1987[J].Regional Science&Urban Economics,1999,29(1).
[10]黄玖立,李坤望.对外贸易、地方保护和中国的产业布局[J].经济学,2006,5(2).
[11]RICHARD POUDER,CARON H. ST. JOHN. Hot Spots and Blind Spots:Geographical Clusters of Firms and Innovation[J].Academy of Management Review,1996,21(4).
[12]DIEGO PUGA,TONY VENABLES. Agglomeration and Economic Development:Import Substitution vs. Trade Liberalisation[J]. Economic Journal,2010,109(455).
[13]李世杰,胡国柳,高健.转轨期中国的产业集聚演化:理论回顾、研究进展及探索性思考[J].管理世界,2014(4).
[14]BRULHART,HELEN D SIMPSON. Agglomeration Economies,Taxable Rents and Government Capture[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2017(2).
[15]苑德宇,李德刚,宋小宁.产业集聚、企业年龄与政府补贴[J].财贸经济,2018(9).
[16]GORDON H. HANSON. Regional Adjustment to Trade Liberalization[J]. Regional Science&Urban Economics,1994,28(4).
[17]RODNEY D. LUDEMA,LAN WOOTON. Economic Geography and the Fiscal Effects of Regional Integration[J]. Journal of International Economics,2000,52(2).
[18]WILLIAM C. STRANGE,STUART S. ROSENTHAL. The Determinants of Agglomeration[J]. Journal of Urban Economics,2001,50(2).
[19]文玫.中国工业在区域上的重新定位和集聚[J].经济研究,2004(2).
[20]金煜,陈钊,陆铭.中国的地区工业集聚:经济地理、新经济地理与经济政策[J].经济研究,2006(4).
[21]唐运舒,冯南平,高登榜,杨善林.产业转移对产业集聚的影响———基于泛长三角制造业的空间面板模型分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,2014,34(10).
[22]太平.中国对外开放模式的演进[J].政治经济学评论,2008,1(2).
[23]MICHAEL STEINER. Cluster Regional Specialization[M]. London:Pion Limited,1998.
[24]RUI BAPTISTA,PETER SWANN. Do Firms in Clusters Innovate More?[J]. Research Policy,1998,27(5).
(1)西北五省区是指陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆。
(2)西南四省市区是指重庆、四川、广西、云南。
(1)显性知识是指能够通过口头传授、教科书、参考资料、期刊杂志、专利文献、视听传媒、数据库等编码方式进行获取和传播的知识;隐性知识是指不能借助语言、文字、图标或符号等进行明确表述,需要通过个人经验得以获取的知识。
(1)本文对于四大地区的划分为:东北地区包含黑龙江、吉林、辽宁;东部地区包含北京、天津、河北、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东、海南;中部地区包含山西、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南;西部地区包含内蒙古、广西、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、西藏、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆。
(2)本文具体数据可向作者索要。
(1)外贸依存度为一个地区进出口贸易总额与地区生产总值的比值,表明该地区经济依赖于对外贸易的程度。
(1)为简化模型长度,其中的CV代表各控制变量,包括ln Labor、ln Trans、ln Wage、Fin和ln R&D。
[2] WILBUR CHUNG,ARTURS KALNINS. Agglomeration Effects and Performance:a test of the Texas Lodging Industry[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(10).
[3]卢飞,刘明辉,孙元元.集聚、全要素生产率与产业增长[J].科学学研究,2018(9).
[4]王缉慈.超越集群———中国产业集群的理论探索[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[5]杜威剑,李梦洁.产业集聚会促进企业产品创新吗?———基于中国工业企业数据库的实证研究[J].产业经济研究,2015(4).
[6]王丽丽.集聚、贸易开放与全要素生产率增长———基于中国制造业行业的门槛效应检验[J].产业经济研究,2012(1).
[7]韩庆潇,杨晨,陈潇潇.中国制造业集聚与产业升级的关系———基于创新的中介效应分析[J].研究与发展管理,2015,27(6).
[8]陶永亮,赵婷.大国开放路径及影响研究———兼论“一带一路”和长江经济带战略对空间经济绩效的影响[J].经济问题探索,2018(8).
[9]SUKKOO KIM. Regions,Resources,and Economic Geography:Sources of U. S. Regional Comparative Advantage,1880—1987[J].Regional Science&Urban Economics,1999,29(1).
[10]黄玖立,李坤望.对外贸易、地方保护和中国的产业布局[J].经济学,2006,5(2).
[11]RICHARD POUDER,CARON H. ST. JOHN. Hot Spots and Blind Spots:Geographical Clusters of Firms and Innovation[J].Academy of Management Review,1996,21(4).
[12]DIEGO PUGA,TONY VENABLES. Agglomeration and Economic Development:Import Substitution vs. Trade Liberalisation[J]. Economic Journal,2010,109(455).
[13]李世杰,胡国柳,高健.转轨期中国的产业集聚演化:理论回顾、研究进展及探索性思考[J].管理世界,2014(4).
[14]BRULHART,HELEN D SIMPSON. Agglomeration Economies,Taxable Rents and Government Capture[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2017(2).
[15]苑德宇,李德刚,宋小宁.产业集聚、企业年龄与政府补贴[J].财贸经济,2018(9).
[16]GORDON H. HANSON. Regional Adjustment to Trade Liberalization[J]. Regional Science&Urban Economics,1994,28(4).
[17]RODNEY D. LUDEMA,LAN WOOTON. Economic Geography and the Fiscal Effects of Regional Integration[J]. Journal of International Economics,2000,52(2).
[18]WILLIAM C. STRANGE,STUART S. ROSENTHAL. The Determinants of Agglomeration[J]. Journal of Urban Economics,2001,50(2).
[19]文玫.中国工业在区域上的重新定位和集聚[J].经济研究,2004(2).
[20]金煜,陈钊,陆铭.中国的地区工业集聚:经济地理、新经济地理与经济政策[J].经济研究,2006(4).
[21]唐运舒,冯南平,高登榜,杨善林.产业转移对产业集聚的影响———基于泛长三角制造业的空间面板模型分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,2014,34(10).
[22]太平.中国对外开放模式的演进[J].政治经济学评论,2008,1(2).
[23]MICHAEL STEINER. Cluster Regional Specialization[M]. London:Pion Limited,1998.
[24]RUI BAPTISTA,PETER SWANN. Do Firms in Clusters Innovate More?[J]. Research Policy,1998,27(5).
(1)西北五省区是指陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆。
(2)西南四省市区是指重庆、四川、广西、云南。
(1)显性知识是指能够通过口头传授、教科书、参考资料、期刊杂志、专利文献、视听传媒、数据库等编码方式进行获取和传播的知识;隐性知识是指不能借助语言、文字、图标或符号等进行明确表述,需要通过个人经验得以获取的知识。
(1)本文对于四大地区的划分为:东北地区包含黑龙江、吉林、辽宁;东部地区包含北京、天津、河北、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东、海南;中部地区包含山西、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南;西部地区包含内蒙古、广西、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、西藏、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆。
(2)本文具体数据可向作者索要。
(1)外贸依存度为一个地区进出口贸易总额与地区生产总值的比值,表明该地区经济依赖于对外贸易的程度。
(1)为简化模型长度,其中的CV代表各控制变量,包括ln Labor、ln Trans、ln Wage、Fin和ln R&D。