复合微生态制剂对冷应激肉鸡免疫机能和小肠黏膜结构的影响
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摘要
本研究旨在探讨复合微生态制剂对冷应激肉鸡免疫机能和小肠黏膜结构的影响。将240只5日龄雌性健康肉鸡,采用单因素试验设计,随机分为3个组,每组设4个平行,每个平行20只鸡。空白对照组(CK):饲喂基础日粮;微生态制剂组:在基础日粮中添加1‰的微生态制剂;复合微生态制剂组:在基础日粮中添加1‰微生态制剂及0.5%糖萜素。慢性冷应激条件下处理10 d,测定各组肉鸡免疫器官指数、抗氧化指标和小肠黏膜结构等。结果显示,复合微生态制剂组的脾指数和法氏囊指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);血清MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),T-AOC和T-SOD含量显著升高(P<0.05);十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛较长、空杯状细胞减少、绒毛高度/隐窝深度增大。结果表明,复合微生态制剂能提高冷应激肉鸡免疫机能,减少小肠黏膜的损害,促进肠道对营养物质的吸收。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound probiotics on immune function and mucosal structure of small intestine of broilers under cold stress.Two hundred and forty 5-day-old female broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 20 chickens per replicate.The control group was fed with basic diet.The compound probiotics group was fed with basic diet and 1‰ compound probiotics.The compound probiotics and saccharicterpenin group was fed with basic diet and 1‰ compound probiotics and 0.5% saccharicterpenin.After treatment for 10 d under chronic cold stress,the immune indice,antioxidant capacity and mucosal structure of small intestine were determined at different periods.In result,compared with the control group,the compound probiotics and saccharicterpenin group significantly improved the spleen index and the bursa index(P<0.05) of broilers under cold stress,decreased the content of MDA and increased the content of T-AOC and T-SOD of broilers under cold stress,increased the length of villi of duodenum,jejunum and ileum,decreased goblet cell,and increased the villi height/crypt depth(V/C) of duodenum,jejunum and ileum.It is concluded that the compound probiotics can improve the immune function of cold stress broilers,reduce the damage of small intestinal mucosa and promote the absorption of nutrients in the intestine.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound probiotics on immune function and mucosal structure of small intestine of broilers under cold stress.Two hundred and forty 5-day-old female broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 20 chickens per replicate.The control group was fed with basic diet.The compound probiotics group was fed with basic diet and 1‰ compound probiotics.The compound probiotics and saccharicterpenin group was fed with basic diet and 1‰ compound probiotics and 0.5% saccharicterpenin.After treatment for 10 d under chronic cold stress,the immune indice,antioxidant capacity and mucosal structure of small intestine were determined at different periods.In result,compared with the control group,the compound probiotics and saccharicterpenin group significantly improved the spleen index and the bursa index(P<0.05) of broilers under cold stress,decreased the content of MDA and increased the content of T-AOC and T-SOD of broilers under cold stress,increased the length of villi of duodenum,jejunum and ileum,decreased goblet cell,and increased the villi height/crypt depth(V/C) of duodenum,jejunum and ileum.It is concluded that the compound probiotics can improve the immune function of cold stress broilers,reduce the damage of small intestinal mucosa and promote the absorption of nutrients in the intestine.
引文
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[8]吴娟娟,赖水明,潘珂,等.肠道菌群对仔鸡肠道发育、黏膜形态和免疫器官发育的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(4):1101-1109.WU Juan-juan,LAI Shui-ming,PAN Ke,et al.Effects of intestinal flora on intestinal development,mucosal morphology and immune organs development of chicks[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(4):1101-1109.(in Chinese)
[9]王显慧,刘福柱,牛竹叶,等.VC对肉鸡生产性能胴体品质、免疫机能和抗氧化特性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2010,38(2):1-7.WANG Xian-hui,LIU Fu-zhu,NIU Zhu-ye,et al.The effect of dietary VC on growth performance,meat quailty,immune function and antioxidant capacity of broilers[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University,2010,38(2):1-7.(in Chinese)
[10]SHINI S,KAISER P,SHINI A,et al.Biological response of chickens(Gallus gallus domesticus)induced by corticosterone and a bacterial endotoxin[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,2008,149(2):324-333.
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[13]张璐,张敏红.饲用益生菌产品评价研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008,35(3):21-23.ZHANG Lu,ZHANG Min-hong.Progress of research on assessment of feed probiotic products[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2008,35(3):21-23.(in Chinese)
[14]顾金.复合微生态制剂对青脚麻鸡饲养效果的研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2010.GU Jin.Research of microbial ecological agents on partridge shank chicken[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2010.(in Chinese)
[15]司振书.微生态制剂对鸡免疫性能的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2005.SIZhen-shu.Effectofmicroecologicalagentonimmune property of chicks[D].Tai’an:Shandong University,2005.(in Chinese)
[16]何元龙.微生态制剂对鸡免疫系统的影响研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2000.HE Yuan-long.Effect of microecological agent on immune property of chicks[D].Tai’an:Shandong University,2000.
[17]赵珂立.氧化应激对动物自由基代谢、消化道损伤及抗氧化剂干预作用的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011.ZHAO Ke-li.The effect of oxidative stress on the metabolism of free radicals,digestive tract damage and antioxidant intervention in animals[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2011.
[18]王锦.硒和维生素E缓解肉鸡氧化应激的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.WANG Jin.The study of selenium and vitamin E in alleviating oxidative stress in broilers[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2012.
[19]胡顺珍,张建梅,谢全喜,等.复合微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、抗氧化指标和免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(2):334-341.HU Shun-zhen,ZHANG Jian-mei,XIE Quan-xi,et al.Effects of compound probiotics on performance,intestinal microflora,antioxidant indices and immune function of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(2):334-341.(in Chinese)
[20]王冰,占今舜,方热军.糖萜素的功能及其在猪生产中的应用[J].中国饲料,2013(1):24-26.WANG Bing,ZHAN Jin-shun,FANG Re-jun.The function of terpene and its application in pig production[J].Chinese Feed,2013(1):24-26.
[21]陈伟,高明琴,章历劼,等.益生素与糖萜素对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011(6):101-102.CHEN Wei,GAO Ming-qin,ZHANG Li-jie,et al.Effect of probiotics and saccharicterpenin on growth performance of finishing pigs[J].Heilongjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2011(6):101-102.(in Chinese)
[22]蒋桂韬,胡艳,王向荣,等.不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡小肠绒毛形态结构和黏膜生长抑素m RNA表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(2):266-273.JIANG Gui-tao,HU Yan,WANG Xiang-rong,et al.Effects of different sources of xylanases on villus morphology and intestinal somatostatin m RNA expression in yellow-feathered broiler[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(2):266-273.(in Chinese)
[23]CERA K R,MAHAN D C,CROSS R F,et al.Effect of age,weaning and post weaning diet on small intestinal growth and jejunal morphology in young swine[J].Journal of Animal Science,1988,66(2):574-584.
[24]王子旭,佘锐萍,陈越,等.日粮锌硒水平对肉鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响[J].中国兽医科技,2003,33(7):18-21.WANG Zi-xu,SHE Rui-ping,CHEN Yue,et al.Effect of different levels of zinc and selenium in diet on the structure of mucosa epithelium in broiler small intestine[J].Chinese Veterinary Science,2003,33(7):18-21.(in Chinese)
[25]黄鹏,赵珊珊,张学武,等.糖萜素对固始鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(11):2016-2023.HUANG Peng,ZHAO Shan-shan,ZHANG Xue-wu,et al.Effects of dietary saccharicterpenin on mucosal structure of small intestine in gushi chickens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(11):2016-2023.(in Chinese)
[26]李燕,康向涛,孙桂荣,等.木寡糖对矮脚绿壳蛋鸡肠道长度及形态结构的影响[J].饲料研究,2007(11):67-69.LI Yan,KANG Xiang-tao,SUN Gui-rong,et al.Effect of wood oligosaccharides on dwarf green shell laying hens intestinal length and morphology[J].Feed Research,2007(11):67-69.(in Chinese)
[27]张丞,呙于明,李武.异麦芽糖对肉仔鸡生产性能及肠道生理生化指标的影响[J].河北畜牧兽医,2003,19(2):12-14.ZHANG Chen,WO Yu-ming,LI Wu.Effects of ISO maltose on performance and intestinal physiological and biochemical indexes of broilers[J].Hebei Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2003,19(2):12-14.(in Chinese)
[2]ZULKIFLID I,AL-AQIL A,OMAR A R,et al.Crating and heat stress influence blood parameters and heat shock protein 70 expression in broiler chickens showing short or long tonic immobility reactions[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(3):471-476.
[3]白霖,屈倩,张靖,等.香薷散对热应激蛋鸡肠道菌群的影响[J].中国兽医科学,2018,48(3):386-394.BAI Lin,QU Qian,ZHANG Jing,et al.Effect of elsholtziaeon powder on intestinal flora of egg-laying hens under heat stress[J].Chinese Veterinary Science,2018,48(3):386-394.(in Chinese)
[4]CLEMENTE J C,URSELL L K,PARFREY L W,et al.The impact of the gut microbiota on human health:an integrative view[J].Ce ll,2012,148(6):1258-1270.
[5]葛龙,李波.屎肠球菌在饲用微生态制剂中的研究与应用[J].饲料与畜牧,2013(6):57-59.GE Long,LI Bo.Research and application of Enterococcus faecium in feed probiotic[J].Feed and Animal Husbandry,2013(6):57-59.(in Chinese)
[6]黄怡,郭乾鹏,梁世忠,等.屎肠球菌对仔猪肠道健康的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):968-973.HUANG Yi,GUO Qian-peng,LIANG Shi-zhong,et al.Influence of Enterococcus faecium on gut health of piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(4):968-973.(in Chinese)
[7]鞠安琪,谷巍,张海朋,等.屎肠球菌对鲤鱼非特异性免疫酶活性和抗病力的影响[J].中国兽医科学2018,48(2):228-233.JU An-qi,GU Wei,ZHANG Hai-peng,et al.Effects of Enterococcus faecium on non-specific immuno-enzyme activity and resistance in carp[J].Chinese Veterinary Science,2018,48(2):228-233.(in Chinese)
[8]吴娟娟,赖水明,潘珂,等.肠道菌群对仔鸡肠道发育、黏膜形态和免疫器官发育的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(4):1101-1109.WU Juan-juan,LAI Shui-ming,PAN Ke,et al.Effects of intestinal flora on intestinal development,mucosal morphology and immune organs development of chicks[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(4):1101-1109.(in Chinese)
[9]王显慧,刘福柱,牛竹叶,等.VC对肉鸡生产性能胴体品质、免疫机能和抗氧化特性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2010,38(2):1-7.WANG Xian-hui,LIU Fu-zhu,NIU Zhu-ye,et al.The effect of dietary VC on growth performance,meat quailty,immune function and antioxidant capacity of broilers[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University,2010,38(2):1-7.(in Chinese)
[10]SHINI S,KAISER P,SHINI A,et al.Biological response of chickens(Gallus gallus domesticus)induced by corticosterone and a bacterial endotoxin[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,2008,149(2):324-333.
[11]HECKERT R A,ESTEVEZ I,RUSSEK-CONEN E,et al.Effects of density and perchavail ability on the immune status of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2001,81(4):451-445.
[12]李树鹏,赵献军.黄芪多糖及益生菌合生元对雏鸡肠道微生态区系的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2005,26(3):21-27.LI Shu-peng,ZHAO Xian-jun.Influence of astragalus polysaccharide and profitable microbe on intestinal flora of chick[J].Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,2005,26(3):21-27.(in Chinese)
[13]张璐,张敏红.饲用益生菌产品评价研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008,35(3):21-23.ZHANG Lu,ZHANG Min-hong.Progress of research on assessment of feed probiotic products[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2008,35(3):21-23.(in Chinese)
[14]顾金.复合微生态制剂对青脚麻鸡饲养效果的研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2010.GU Jin.Research of microbial ecological agents on partridge shank chicken[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2010.(in Chinese)
[15]司振书.微生态制剂对鸡免疫性能的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2005.SIZhen-shu.Effectofmicroecologicalagentonimmune property of chicks[D].Tai’an:Shandong University,2005.(in Chinese)
[16]何元龙.微生态制剂对鸡免疫系统的影响研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2000.HE Yuan-long.Effect of microecological agent on immune property of chicks[D].Tai’an:Shandong University,2000.
[17]赵珂立.氧化应激对动物自由基代谢、消化道损伤及抗氧化剂干预作用的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011.ZHAO Ke-li.The effect of oxidative stress on the metabolism of free radicals,digestive tract damage and antioxidant intervention in animals[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2011.
[18]王锦.硒和维生素E缓解肉鸡氧化应激的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.WANG Jin.The study of selenium and vitamin E in alleviating oxidative stress in broilers[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2012.
[19]胡顺珍,张建梅,谢全喜,等.复合微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、抗氧化指标和免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(2):334-341.HU Shun-zhen,ZHANG Jian-mei,XIE Quan-xi,et al.Effects of compound probiotics on performance,intestinal microflora,antioxidant indices and immune function of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(2):334-341.(in Chinese)
[20]王冰,占今舜,方热军.糖萜素的功能及其在猪生产中的应用[J].中国饲料,2013(1):24-26.WANG Bing,ZHAN Jin-shun,FANG Re-jun.The function of terpene and its application in pig production[J].Chinese Feed,2013(1):24-26.
[21]陈伟,高明琴,章历劼,等.益生素与糖萜素对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011(6):101-102.CHEN Wei,GAO Ming-qin,ZHANG Li-jie,et al.Effect of probiotics and saccharicterpenin on growth performance of finishing pigs[J].Heilongjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2011(6):101-102.(in Chinese)
[22]蒋桂韬,胡艳,王向荣,等.不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡小肠绒毛形态结构和黏膜生长抑素m RNA表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(2):266-273.JIANG Gui-tao,HU Yan,WANG Xiang-rong,et al.Effects of different sources of xylanases on villus morphology and intestinal somatostatin m RNA expression in yellow-feathered broiler[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(2):266-273.(in Chinese)
[23]CERA K R,MAHAN D C,CROSS R F,et al.Effect of age,weaning and post weaning diet on small intestinal growth and jejunal morphology in young swine[J].Journal of Animal Science,1988,66(2):574-584.
[24]王子旭,佘锐萍,陈越,等.日粮锌硒水平对肉鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响[J].中国兽医科技,2003,33(7):18-21.WANG Zi-xu,SHE Rui-ping,CHEN Yue,et al.Effect of different levels of zinc and selenium in diet on the structure of mucosa epithelium in broiler small intestine[J].Chinese Veterinary Science,2003,33(7):18-21.(in Chinese)
[25]黄鹏,赵珊珊,张学武,等.糖萜素对固始鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(11):2016-2023.HUANG Peng,ZHAO Shan-shan,ZHANG Xue-wu,et al.Effects of dietary saccharicterpenin on mucosal structure of small intestine in gushi chickens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(11):2016-2023.(in Chinese)
[26]李燕,康向涛,孙桂荣,等.木寡糖对矮脚绿壳蛋鸡肠道长度及形态结构的影响[J].饲料研究,2007(11):67-69.LI Yan,KANG Xiang-tao,SUN Gui-rong,et al.Effect of wood oligosaccharides on dwarf green shell laying hens intestinal length and morphology[J].Feed Research,2007(11):67-69.(in Chinese)
[27]张丞,呙于明,李武.异麦芽糖对肉仔鸡生产性能及肠道生理生化指标的影响[J].河北畜牧兽医,2003,19(2):12-14.ZHANG Chen,WO Yu-ming,LI Wu.Effects of ISO maltose on performance and intestinal physiological and biochemical indexes of broilers[J].Hebei Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2003,19(2):12-14.(in Chinese)