头孢喹肟在猪呼吸道感染中应用的研究进展
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摘要
呼吸道疾病严重威胁畜禽养殖业的发展,导致动物生长缓慢,使发病率和死亡率大幅升高,造成巨大的经济损失。胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、链球菌、副猪嗜血杆菌等是诱发猪呼吸道感染的常见病原菌。头孢喹肟为第4代头孢菌素类动物专用抗生素,具有抗菌谱广、吸收速度快、达峰时间短、生物利用度高、对哺乳动物毒性低及对β-内酰胺酶稳定的特点,能有效治疗猪呼吸道类疾病,防止耐药性的产生。文章阐述了头孢喹肟的理化特性、杀菌机理、药动学特征等,并通过比较头孢喹肟在不同动物体内的药学参数表明头孢喹肟在猪体内达峰时间短,达峰浓度高,消除半衰期较长,能迅速发挥高效的抗菌作用,且能维持一定时间的抗菌效果;系统地介绍了头孢喹肟对猪呼吸道主要致病菌的体外抗菌活性及临床治疗效果,发现呼吸道临床病原菌对头孢喹肟敏感性高,临床应用前景广。目前头孢喹肟在临床应用存在一些问题,不合理使用会导致其出现耐药性,通过PK-PD同步模型的研究及耐药判定标准的建立,可为该药的合理应用提供科学依据。
Respiratory disease seriously threats the livestock industry,which has caused high morbidity and mortality so that resulted in huge economic losses.Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae(A.pleuropneumoniae),Pasteurella multocida(P.multocida),Streptococcus suis(S.suis) and Haemophilus parasuis(H.parasuis) are the material reasons for the respiratory tract diseases which caused by the bacterial infected.Cefquinome,the fourth generation of cephalosporins soly for animals,which is characterized as quick absorption,high bioavailability,high stability to β-lactamases and low toxicity to mammals.It can effectively treat porcine respiratory diseases and prevent resistance.The article described the physicochemical properties,bactericidal mechanism and pharmacokinetics of cefquinome,and compared the pharmaceutical parameters of cefquinome in different animals,indicating that cefquinome had a short peak time and high peak concentration in pigs,elimination half-life was longer,could quickly exert high-efficiency antibacterial effect and maintain antibacterial effect for a certain period of time.The in vitro antibacterial activity and clinical treatment effect of cefquinome on the main pathogens of respiratory tract in pigs were systematically introduced.It was found that the clinical pathogens of respiratory tract had high sensitivity to cefquinome and had a promising clinical application.However,there are some problems in the clinical application of this drug.The unreasonable use of cefquinome leads to the emergence of drug resistance.Through the research of PK-PD synchronization model and the establishment of drug resistance determination criteria,it can provide a scientific basis for the rational application of the drug.
Respiratory disease seriously threats the livestock industry,which has caused high morbidity and mortality so that resulted in huge economic losses.Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae(A.pleuropneumoniae),Pasteurella multocida(P.multocida),Streptococcus suis(S.suis) and Haemophilus parasuis(H.parasuis) are the material reasons for the respiratory tract diseases which caused by the bacterial infected.Cefquinome,the fourth generation of cephalosporins soly for animals,which is characterized as quick absorption,high bioavailability,high stability to β-lactamases and low toxicity to mammals.It can effectively treat porcine respiratory diseases and prevent resistance.The article described the physicochemical properties,bactericidal mechanism and pharmacokinetics of cefquinome,and compared the pharmaceutical parameters of cefquinome in different animals,indicating that cefquinome had a short peak time and high peak concentration in pigs,elimination half-life was longer,could quickly exert high-efficiency antibacterial effect and maintain antibacterial effect for a certain period of time.The in vitro antibacterial activity and clinical treatment effect of cefquinome on the main pathogens of respiratory tract in pigs were systematically introduced.It was found that the clinical pathogens of respiratory tract had high sensitivity to cefquinome and had a promising clinical application.However,there are some problems in the clinical application of this drug.The unreasonable use of cefquinome leads to the emergence of drug resistance.Through the research of PK-PD synchronization model and the establishment of drug resistance determination criteria,it can provide a scientific basis for the rational application of the drug.
引文
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[12] DUMKA V K,DINAKARAN V,RANJAN B,et al.Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefquinome following intravenous and intramuscular administration in goats[J].Small Ruminant Research,2013,113(1):273-277.
[13] ROSE M,WISSLER R,ZSCHIESCHE E,et al.Efficacy and tolerance of a new cephalosporin,cefquinome,formulation for treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases of pigs[J].Tier?rztliche Praxis Ausgabe G Grosstiere/Nutztiere,2000,6(28):331-336.
[14] LANG I,ROSE M,THOMAS E,et al.A field study of cefquinome for the treatment of pigs with respiratory disease[J].Revue De Medecine Veterinaire,2002,153(8-9):575-580.
[15] GOZIO S,GUAZZETTI S,MARTELLI P,et al.About the efficacy of cefquinome in the therapy of swine acute respiratory disease[J].Atti Della Società Italiana Di Patologia Ed Allevamento Dei Suini,2005,31:513-516.
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