改性菱铁矿催化剂的催化脱硝活性及抗硫性研究
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摘要
采用混合搅拌法制备了Ce、Zr掺杂改性的菱铁矿SCR脱硝催化剂,研究了Ce、Zr共同掺杂对催化剂催化脱硝性能及抗硫性的影响。结果表明,3%Ce+3%Zr掺杂菱铁矿催化剂(Ce_(0.03)/Zr_(0.03)-菱铁矿)具有优异的催化脱硝活性,在180-330℃,催化脱硝效率均在92%以上,该催化剂同时具有良好的抗SO_2性能,在210℃下通入体积分数为0.01%的SO_2,8 h后仍有95%以上的催化脱硝效率。通过XRF、BET、XRD、NH_3-TPD、TG等实验手段对催化剂成分、微观孔结构、晶相等进行表征。表征结果显示,Ce、Zr的掺杂能明显提高催化剂的比表面积以及表面结晶分散度,增强催化剂的表面酸性,促进硫酸铵盐在催化剂表面的分解。因此,催化剂具有优异的中低温催化脱硝活性及抗硫性。
The siderite denitration catalysts modified by Ce and Zr were prepared by mixing and stirring method. The effects of Ce and Zr co-doping on the catalytic denitration performance and sulfur resistance of the catalyst were studied. The results show that the 3%Ce+3%Zr-doped siderite catalyst(Ce_(0.03)/Zr_(0.03)-siderite) has the highest catalytic denitration activity and good sulfur resistance. The catalytic denitration efficiency is above 92% in the temperature range of 180-330 ℃. Furthermore, the denitration efficiency is still more than 95% after introducing SO_2 gas with a volume fraction of 0.01% for 8 h at 210 ℃. The characteristics of the catalyst, such as components, microporous structure and crystal phase were determined by XRF, BET, XRD, NH_3-TPD, TG and other experimental means. The characterization results show that the doping of Ce and Zr can significantly improve the specific surface area and surface crystal dispersion of the catalyst, enhance the surface acidity of the catalyst, and promote the decomposition of ammonium sulfate on the catalyst surface; thus the modified siderite catalyst has an excellent low-temperature catalytic denitration activity and a good sulfur resistance.
The siderite denitration catalysts modified by Ce and Zr were prepared by mixing and stirring method. The effects of Ce and Zr co-doping on the catalytic denitration performance and sulfur resistance of the catalyst were studied. The results show that the 3%Ce+3%Zr-doped siderite catalyst(Ce_(0.03)/Zr_(0.03)-siderite) has the highest catalytic denitration activity and good sulfur resistance. The catalytic denitration efficiency is above 92% in the temperature range of 180-330 ℃. Furthermore, the denitration efficiency is still more than 95% after introducing SO_2 gas with a volume fraction of 0.01% for 8 h at 210 ℃. The characteristics of the catalyst, such as components, microporous structure and crystal phase were determined by XRF, BET, XRD, NH_3-TPD, TG and other experimental means. The characterization results show that the doping of Ce and Zr can significantly improve the specific surface area and surface crystal dispersion of the catalyst, enhance the surface acidity of the catalyst, and promote the decomposition of ammonium sulfate on the catalyst surface; thus the modified siderite catalyst has an excellent low-temperature catalytic denitration activity and a good sulfur resistance.
引文
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[7] YANG S, WANG C, LI J, YAN N. Low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3, over Mn-Fe spinel: Performance, mechanism and kinetic study[J]. Appl Catal B: Environ, 2011, 110(41): 71-80.
[8] 熊志波, 郭东旭, 路春美, 张信莉. 铁铈复合氧化物催化剂SCR脱硝反应动力学研究[J]. 燃料化学学报, 2013, 41(4): 506-512.(XIONG Zhi-bo, GUO Dong-xu, LU Chun-mei, ZHANG Xin-li. Kinetics of SCR denitration reaction of iron oxide composite oxide catalysts[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol, 2013, 41(4): 506-512.)
[9] 黄天娇, 张亚平, 庄柯, 陆斌, 朱一闻, 沈凯. 蜂窝状Ho改性Fe-Mn/TiO2催化剂的制备及其低温选择催化还原(SCR)脱硝性能[J]. 燃料化学学报, 2018, 46(3): 319-327.(HUANG Tian-jiao, ZHANG Ya-ping, ZHUANG Ke, LU Bin, ZHU Yi-wen, SHEN Kai. Preparation of honeycomb Ho modified Fe-Mn/TiO2 catalyst and its low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification performance[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol, 2018, 46(3): 319-327.)
[10] CAO F, SU S, XIANG J, WANG P, HU S, SUN L, ZHANG A. The activity and mechanism study of Fe-Mn-Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3[J]. Fuel, 2015, 139(2): 232-239.
[11] IWASAKI M, YAMAZAKI K, BANNO K, SHINJOH H. Characterization of Fe/ZSM-5 DeNOx catalysts prepared by different methods: Relationships between active Fe sites and NH3-SCR performance[J]. J Catal, 2008, 260(2): 205-216.
[12] GAO F, ZHENG Y, KUKKADAPU R, WANG L, WALTER E, SCHWENZER B, SZANYI J, PEDEN C. Iron loading effects in Fe/SSZ-13 NH3-SCR catalysts: Nature of the Fe ions and structure-function relationships[J]. ACS Catal, 2016, 6(5): 2939-2954.
[13] 卢慧霞, 归柯庭. 铁矿石SCR低温脱硝催化剂的改性研究[J]. 动力工程学报, 2017, 37(9): 726-731.(LU Hui-xia, GUI Ke-ting. Modification of iron ore SCR low temperature denitration catalyst[J]. Chin J Power Eng, 2017, 37(9): 726-731.)
[14] 查贤斌, 归柯庭. 铁矿石低温催化脱硝性能研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2015, 36(4): 811-815.(ZHAI Xian-bin, GUI Ke-ting. Study on the low temperature catalytic desorption performance of iron[J]. J Eng Therm, 2015, 36(4): 811-815.)
[15] 王瑞, 归柯庭, 梁辉. La(1-x)CexMnO3/赤铁矿催化剂的制备与低温SCR脱硝特性[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 46(6):1234-1239.(WANG Rui, GUI Ke-ting, LIANG Hui. Preparation of La(1-x)CexMnO3/hematite catalyst and denitration characteristics of low temperature SCR[J]. J Southeast Univ, 2016, 46(6): 1234 -1239.)
[16] 卢慧霞. 菱/锰铁矿石低温SCR脱硝催化剂的制备及改性研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2017.(LU Hui-xia. Preparation and modification of low temperature SCR denitration catalyst for siderite/manganese iron[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2017.)
[17] 梁辉, 归柯庭, 蔡森. 菱铁矿低温NH3-SCR脱硝性能研究[C]// 2016年中国工程热物理学会多相流学术会议论文集. 广州, 2016.(LIANG Hui, GUI Ke-ting, CAI Sen. Study on denitrification performance of low temperature NH3-SCR in siderite[C]// Proceedings of Multiphase Flow Conference of China Engineering Thermophysics Society, Guangzhou, 2016.)
[18] SHEN B, WANG Y, WANG F, LIU T. The effect of Ce-Zr on NH3-SCR activity over MNOx(0.6)/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 at low temperature[J]. Chem Eng J, 2014, 236(2): 171-180.
[19] ZHANG R, TEOH W Y, AMAL R, CHEN B, KALIAGUIN S. Catalytic reduction of NO by CO over Cu/CexZr1-xO2 prepared by flame synthesis[J]. J Catal, 2010, 272(2): 210-219.
[20] ZHANG L, LI L, CAO Y, YAO X, GE C, GAO F, DENG Y. Getting insight into the influence of SO2 on TiO2/CeO2 for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3[J]. Appl Catal B: Environ, 2015, 165: 589-598.
[21] JIN Q, SHEN Y, ZHU S. Effect of fluorine additive on CeO2(ZrO2)/TiO2 for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3[J]. J Colloid Interf Sci, 2017, 487(11): 401-409.
[22] 黄妍, 童志权, 伍斌, 张俊丰. V2O5-CeO2/TiO2催化剂上低温氨选择性催化还原NO的性能[J]. 燃料化学学报, 2008, 36(5): 616-620.(HUANG Wei, TONG Zhi-quan, WU Bin, ZHANG Jun-feng. Selective catalytic reduction of NO by low temperature ammonia over V2O5-CeO2/TiO2 catalyst[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol, 2008, 36(5): 616-620.)
[23] 沈伯雄, 史展亮, 施建伟, 杨婷婷, 赵宁. 基于Mn-CeOx/ACFN的低温SCR脱硝[J]. 化工进展, 2008, 27(1): 87-91.(SHEN Bo-xiong, SHI Zhan-liang, SHI Jian-wei, YANG Ting-ting, ZHAO Ning. Denitrification of low temperature SCR based on Mn-CeOx/ACFN[J]. Chem Ind Eng Prog, 2008, 27(1): 87-91.)
[24] 林涛, 李伟, 龚茂初, 喻瑶, 杜波, 陈耀强. ZrO2-TiO2-CeO2的制备及其在NH3选择性催化还原NO中的应用[J]. 物理化学学报, 2007, 23(12): 1851-1856.(LIN Tao, LI Wei, GONG Mao-chu, YU Yao, DU Bo, CHEN Yao-qiang. Preparation of ZrO2-TiO2-CeO2 and its application in selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3[J]. Acta Phys Chim Sin, 2007, 23(12): 1851-1856.)
[25] 闫志勇, 胡建飞, 徐鸿. 具有高抗水、抗硫性的CeO2/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂脱硝性能研究[J]. 动力工程学报, 2011, 31(1): 58-63.(YAN Zhi-yong, HU Jian-fei, XU Hong. Study on denitration performance of CeO2/TiO2-ZrO2 catalyst with high water resistance and sulfur resistance[J]. Chin J Power Eng, 2011, 31(1): 58-63.)
[26] 宾峰. 改性分子筛材料用于选择催化还原柴油机氮氧化物的研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2011.(BIN Feng. Modified molecular sieve materials for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in diesel engines[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2011.)
[27] LIANG C, JUNHUA L, MAOFA G, LI M, CHANG H. Mechanism of selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH over CeO-WO catalysts[J]. Chin J Catal, 2011, 32(5): 836-841.
[28] JIN R, YUE L, YAN W, CEN W, WU Z, WANG H, WENG X. The role of cerium in the improved SO2 tolerance for NO reduction with NH3 over Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst at low temperature[J]. Appl Catal B: Environ, 2014, 148-149(4): 582-588.
[29] 杨剑, 林凡, 陈奎, 孔明, 赵冬, 孟飞. 含铈钒基SCR催化剂脱硝性能及SO2失活机理研究[J]. 燃料化学学报, 2016, 44(11): 1394-1400.(YANG Jian, LIN Fan, CHEN Kui, KONG Ming, ZHAO Dong, MENG Fei. Activity and SO2 deactivation mechanism of vanadium series catalyst containing cerium[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol, 2016, 44(11): 1394-1400.)
[30] XU W, HE H, YU Y. Deactivation of a Ce/TiO2 catalyst by SO2 in the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3[J]. J Phys Chem C, 2009, 113(11): 4426-4432.Catalytic denitration activity and sulfur resistance of modified siderite catalystsCHEN Xin GUI Ke-ting GU Shao-chen采用过渡元素Ce、Zr对菱铁矿SCR脱硝催化剂进行掺杂改性,极大地提高了催化剂的脱硝活性及抗硫性能。J Fuel Chem Technol, 2019, 47(3): 378-384基于氧化还原共沉淀法制备的Mn-Ce催化剂及其低浓度甲烷燃烧催化性能仲柳李鑫方庆艳余圣辉许豪张成陈刚
[2] 张鹏, 姚强. 用于选择性催化还原法烟气脱硝的催化剂[J]. 煤炭转化, 2005, 28(2): 21-27.(ZHANG Peng, YAO Qiang. Catalyst for flue gas denitrification by selective catalytic reduction[J]. Coal Convers, 2005, 28(2): 21-27.)
[3] BUSCA G, LIETTI L, RAMIS G, BERTI F. Chemical and mechanistic aspects of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia over oxide catalysts: A review[J]. Appl Catal B: Environ, 1998, 18(1/2): 1-36.
[4] 朱林, 吴碧君, 段玖祥, 曹林岩, 刘汉强, 赵禹, 曹莉莉. SCR烟气脱硝催化剂生产与应用现状[J]. 中国电力, 2009, 42(8): 61-64.(ZHU Lin, WU Bi-jun, DUAN Yu-xiang, CAO Lin-yan, LIU Han-qiang, ZHAO Wei, CAO Li-li. Production and application status of scr flue gas denitration catalyst[J]. Electric Power, 2009, 42(8): 61-64.)
[5] 刘福东, 单文坡, 石晓燕, 贺泓. 用于NH3选择性催化还原NOx的钒基催化剂[J]. 化学进展, 2012, 24(4): 445-455.(LIU Fu-dong, SHAN Wen-po, SHI Xiao-yan, HE Wei. Vanadium-based catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of nox by NH3[J]. Prog Chem, 2012, 24(4): 445-455.)
[6] DJERAD S, TIFOUTI L, CROCOLL M, WEISWEILER W. Effect of vanadia and tungsten loadings on the physical and chemical characteristics of V2O5WO3/TiO2 catalysts[J]. J Mol Catal A: Chem, 2004, 208(1): 257-265.
[7] YANG S, WANG C, LI J, YAN N. Low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3, over Mn-Fe spinel: Performance, mechanism and kinetic study[J]. Appl Catal B: Environ, 2011, 110(41): 71-80.
[8] 熊志波, 郭东旭, 路春美, 张信莉. 铁铈复合氧化物催化剂SCR脱硝反应动力学研究[J]. 燃料化学学报, 2013, 41(4): 506-512.(XIONG Zhi-bo, GUO Dong-xu, LU Chun-mei, ZHANG Xin-li. Kinetics of SCR denitration reaction of iron oxide composite oxide catalysts[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol, 2013, 41(4): 506-512.)
[9] 黄天娇, 张亚平, 庄柯, 陆斌, 朱一闻, 沈凯. 蜂窝状Ho改性Fe-Mn/TiO2催化剂的制备及其低温选择催化还原(SCR)脱硝性能[J]. 燃料化学学报, 2018, 46(3): 319-327.(HUANG Tian-jiao, ZHANG Ya-ping, ZHUANG Ke, LU Bin, ZHU Yi-wen, SHEN Kai. Preparation of honeycomb Ho modified Fe-Mn/TiO2 catalyst and its low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification performance[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol, 2018, 46(3): 319-327.)
[10] CAO F, SU S, XIANG J, WANG P, HU S, SUN L, ZHANG A. The activity and mechanism study of Fe-Mn-Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3[J]. Fuel, 2015, 139(2): 232-239.
[11] IWASAKI M, YAMAZAKI K, BANNO K, SHINJOH H. Characterization of Fe/ZSM-5 DeNOx catalysts prepared by different methods: Relationships between active Fe sites and NH3-SCR performance[J]. J Catal, 2008, 260(2): 205-216.
[12] GAO F, ZHENG Y, KUKKADAPU R, WANG L, WALTER E, SCHWENZER B, SZANYI J, PEDEN C. Iron loading effects in Fe/SSZ-13 NH3-SCR catalysts: Nature of the Fe ions and structure-function relationships[J]. ACS Catal, 2016, 6(5): 2939-2954.
[13] 卢慧霞, 归柯庭. 铁矿石SCR低温脱硝催化剂的改性研究[J]. 动力工程学报, 2017, 37(9): 726-731.(LU Hui-xia, GUI Ke-ting. Modification of iron ore SCR low temperature denitration catalyst[J]. Chin J Power Eng, 2017, 37(9): 726-731.)
[14] 查贤斌, 归柯庭. 铁矿石低温催化脱硝性能研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2015, 36(4): 811-815.(ZHAI Xian-bin, GUI Ke-ting. Study on the low temperature catalytic desorption performance of iron[J]. J Eng Therm, 2015, 36(4): 811-815.)
[15] 王瑞, 归柯庭, 梁辉. La(1-x)CexMnO3/赤铁矿催化剂的制备与低温SCR脱硝特性[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 46(6):1234-1239.(WANG Rui, GUI Ke-ting, LIANG Hui. Preparation of La(1-x)CexMnO3/hematite catalyst and denitration characteristics of low temperature SCR[J]. J Southeast Univ, 2016, 46(6): 1234 -1239.)
[16] 卢慧霞. 菱/锰铁矿石低温SCR脱硝催化剂的制备及改性研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2017.(LU Hui-xia. Preparation and modification of low temperature SCR denitration catalyst for siderite/manganese iron[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2017.)
[17] 梁辉, 归柯庭, 蔡森. 菱铁矿低温NH3-SCR脱硝性能研究[C]// 2016年中国工程热物理学会多相流学术会议论文集. 广州, 2016.(LIANG Hui, GUI Ke-ting, CAI Sen. Study on denitrification performance of low temperature NH3-SCR in siderite[C]// Proceedings of Multiphase Flow Conference of China Engineering Thermophysics Society, Guangzhou, 2016.)
[18] SHEN B, WANG Y, WANG F, LIU T. The effect of Ce-Zr on NH3-SCR activity over MNOx(0.6)/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 at low temperature[J]. Chem Eng J, 2014, 236(2): 171-180.
[19] ZHANG R, TEOH W Y, AMAL R, CHEN B, KALIAGUIN S. Catalytic reduction of NO by CO over Cu/CexZr1-xO2 prepared by flame synthesis[J]. J Catal, 2010, 272(2): 210-219.
[20] ZHANG L, LI L, CAO Y, YAO X, GE C, GAO F, DENG Y. Getting insight into the influence of SO2 on TiO2/CeO2 for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3[J]. Appl Catal B: Environ, 2015, 165: 589-598.
[21] JIN Q, SHEN Y, ZHU S. Effect of fluorine additive on CeO2(ZrO2)/TiO2 for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3[J]. J Colloid Interf Sci, 2017, 487(11): 401-409.
[22] 黄妍, 童志权, 伍斌, 张俊丰. V2O5-CeO2/TiO2催化剂上低温氨选择性催化还原NO的性能[J]. 燃料化学学报, 2008, 36(5): 616-620.(HUANG Wei, TONG Zhi-quan, WU Bin, ZHANG Jun-feng. Selective catalytic reduction of NO by low temperature ammonia over V2O5-CeO2/TiO2 catalyst[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol, 2008, 36(5): 616-620.)
[23] 沈伯雄, 史展亮, 施建伟, 杨婷婷, 赵宁. 基于Mn-CeOx/ACFN的低温SCR脱硝[J]. 化工进展, 2008, 27(1): 87-91.(SHEN Bo-xiong, SHI Zhan-liang, SHI Jian-wei, YANG Ting-ting, ZHAO Ning. Denitrification of low temperature SCR based on Mn-CeOx/ACFN[J]. Chem Ind Eng Prog, 2008, 27(1): 87-91.)
[24] 林涛, 李伟, 龚茂初, 喻瑶, 杜波, 陈耀强. ZrO2-TiO2-CeO2的制备及其在NH3选择性催化还原NO中的应用[J]. 物理化学学报, 2007, 23(12): 1851-1856.(LIN Tao, LI Wei, GONG Mao-chu, YU Yao, DU Bo, CHEN Yao-qiang. Preparation of ZrO2-TiO2-CeO2 and its application in selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3[J]. Acta Phys Chim Sin, 2007, 23(12): 1851-1856.)
[25] 闫志勇, 胡建飞, 徐鸿. 具有高抗水、抗硫性的CeO2/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂脱硝性能研究[J]. 动力工程学报, 2011, 31(1): 58-63.(YAN Zhi-yong, HU Jian-fei, XU Hong. Study on denitration performance of CeO2/TiO2-ZrO2 catalyst with high water resistance and sulfur resistance[J]. Chin J Power Eng, 2011, 31(1): 58-63.)
[26] 宾峰. 改性分子筛材料用于选择催化还原柴油机氮氧化物的研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2011.(BIN Feng. Modified molecular sieve materials for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in diesel engines[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2011.)
[27] LIANG C, JUNHUA L, MAOFA G, LI M, CHANG H. Mechanism of selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH over CeO-WO catalysts[J]. Chin J Catal, 2011, 32(5): 836-841.
[28] JIN R, YUE L, YAN W, CEN W, WU Z, WANG H, WENG X. The role of cerium in the improved SO2 tolerance for NO reduction with NH3 over Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst at low temperature[J]. Appl Catal B: Environ, 2014, 148-149(4): 582-588.
[29] 杨剑, 林凡, 陈奎, 孔明, 赵冬, 孟飞. 含铈钒基SCR催化剂脱硝性能及SO2失活机理研究[J]. 燃料化学学报, 2016, 44(11): 1394-1400.(YANG Jian, LIN Fan, CHEN Kui, KONG Ming, ZHAO Dong, MENG Fei. Activity and SO2 deactivation mechanism of vanadium series catalyst containing cerium[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol, 2016, 44(11): 1394-1400.)
[30] XU W, HE H, YU Y. Deactivation of a Ce/TiO2 catalyst by SO2 in the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3[J]. J Phys Chem C, 2009, 113(11): 4426-4432.Catalytic denitration activity and sulfur resistance of modified siderite catalystsCHEN Xin GUI Ke-ting GU Shao-chen采用过渡元素Ce、Zr对菱铁矿SCR脱硝催化剂进行掺杂改性,极大地提高了催化剂的脱硝活性及抗硫性能。J Fuel Chem Technol, 2019, 47(3): 378-384基于氧化还原共沉淀法制备的Mn-Ce催化剂及其低浓度甲烷燃烧催化性能仲柳李鑫方庆艳余圣辉许豪张成陈刚