香港、北京郊野公园管理的对比研究（英文）
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摘要
香港作为我国郊野公园发展较为成熟的地区,是国内众多城市学习效仿的对象。而起步较晚的北京,随着"郊野公园环"建设初具规模,面临的巨大挑战就是如何对郊野公园进行科学有效的运营和管理。通过对比香港与北京郊野公园在功能定位、管理组织、法律保障、配套设施、科普教育等方面的差异,指出社会发展阶段、城市发展历史与规划、荒野理念和资金支持是二者不同的主要原因,同时强调为实现可持续发展,北京郊野公园要根据自身特点,寻求对应的解决策略。
With a comparatively mature state of country park development for China, Hong Kong serves as a model that is emulated by many cities in Mainland China. In contrast, Beijing started to establish country parks relatively late, but along with the nascent "Country Park Loop", achieving scientific and reasonable operation management is now the major challenge facing Beijing. By comparing the differences between Hong Kong and Beijing country park management in terms of positioning, management organization, legal guarantees, supporting facilities and education, this paper explores the factors of social development stage, urban developmental history and planning, the wilderness concept and financial support which are responsible for those differences. In order to achieve sustainable development, this paper shows that Beijing country parks should seek corresponding solutions according to their own characteristics.
With a comparatively mature state of country park development for China, Hong Kong serves as a model that is emulated by many cities in Mainland China. In contrast, Beijing started to establish country parks relatively late, but along with the nascent "Country Park Loop", achieving scientific and reasonable operation management is now the major challenge facing Beijing. By comparing the differences between Hong Kong and Beijing country park management in terms of positioning, management organization, legal guarantees, supporting facilities and education, this paper explores the factors of social development stage, urban developmental history and planning, the wilderness concept and financial support which are responsible for those differences. In order to achieve sustainable development, this paper shows that Beijing country parks should seek corresponding solutions according to their own characteristics.
引文
Agriculture,Fisheries&Conservation Department(AFCD).2017.Hong Kong:The Facts-country Parks and Conservation.Retrieved from http://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/country/cou_lea/the_facts.html.(in Chinese)
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Chen M,Li T T.2009.Several thoughts about the development of Shanghai country parks.Chinese Landscape Architecture,25(6):10-13.(in Chinese)
Director D L.2006.The history of the country park,1966-2005:Towards a renaissance?Landscape Research,31(1):259-266.
Fang X S,Liang Y Y.2014.Analysis of the country park planning and design in England.Chinese Landscape Architecture,11:40-43.(in Chinese)
Gardening and Greening Bureau(GGB).2017.Notice for Country Parks Management and Maintenance.Retrieved from http://www.bjyl.gov.cn/zwgk/fgwj/qtwj/201703/t20170310_189317.shtml.(in Chinese)
Guan X L.2007.Management of country parks in Hong Kong to Mainland’s inspiration.Forestry Economics,7:66-68.(in Chinese)
He X F.2016.Effective means to enhance the level of country park management services.Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,22(6):132.(in Chinese)
Liu H L.2005.Basic Research on Country Parks.PhD diss.,Tongji University.(in Chinese)
Ma Y.2015.Management characteristics and implications of Hong Kong country parks from the perspective of eco-tourism.Journal of Taiyuan Urban Vocational College,12:20-21.
Planning Department(PD).2017.Planning Department Annual Report 2017.Retrieved from http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/press/publication/ar_report.html
Qi T,Zeng Y,Zhang F.2010.A review of research on country parks at home and abroad.Urban Problems,12:53-60.(in Chinese)
Sun Y,Ma H,Song J S.2015.A comparative study on the development strategies of Shenzhen and Hong Kong country parks.Landscape Architecture,7:118-124.
Xu X,Liu B Y.2009.The recreation plan and fundamental service facilities design in U.S.country park.Chinese Landscape Architecture,25(6):6-9.(in Chinese)
Yao E M,Tian G X.2016.Comparison and prospect of country park planning cases.Urban Insight,1:125-134.(in Chinese)
Zhang Y J,Zhang L Y,Zhang L.2013.The evolution and development of the concept of country park.Landscape Architecture,5:80-85.(in Chinese)
Zhang L Y.2010.Study on Evolution and Diversification of Country Park.Master diss.,Beijing Forestry University.(in Chinese)
Zhang X M.2004.Development and management of country parks in Hong Kong.Planners,20(10):90-94.(in Chinese)
Zhu J.2010.Research on Country Park Planning in China:A Case Study of Country Parks in Hong Kong,Shenzhen,Beijing and Shanghai.Master diss.,China Academy of Urban Planning and Design.(in Chinese)
Agriculture,Fisheries&Conservation Department(AFCD).Take Your Litter Home.Retrieved from http://www.natureintouch.gov.hk/outdoor/activity/nit_2011/0/704
Cai W.2009.The Mode Research of the Plant View for the Country Park.Master diss.,Shanghai Jiaotong University.(in Chinese)
Chen M,Li T T.2009.Several thoughts about the development of Shanghai country parks.Chinese Landscape Architecture,25(6):10-13.(in Chinese)
Director D L.2006.The history of the country park,1966-2005:Towards a renaissance?Landscape Research,31(1):259-266.
Fang X S,Liang Y Y.2014.Analysis of the country park planning and design in England.Chinese Landscape Architecture,11:40-43.(in Chinese)
Gardening and Greening Bureau(GGB).2017.Notice for Country Parks Management and Maintenance.Retrieved from http://www.bjyl.gov.cn/zwgk/fgwj/qtwj/201703/t20170310_189317.shtml.(in Chinese)
Guan X L.2007.Management of country parks in Hong Kong to Mainland’s inspiration.Forestry Economics,7:66-68.(in Chinese)
He X F.2016.Effective means to enhance the level of country park management services.Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,22(6):132.(in Chinese)
Liu H L.2005.Basic Research on Country Parks.PhD diss.,Tongji University.(in Chinese)
Ma Y.2015.Management characteristics and implications of Hong Kong country parks from the perspective of eco-tourism.Journal of Taiyuan Urban Vocational College,12:20-21.
Planning Department(PD).2017.Planning Department Annual Report 2017.Retrieved from http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/press/publication/ar_report.html
Qi T,Zeng Y,Zhang F.2010.A review of research on country parks at home and abroad.Urban Problems,12:53-60.(in Chinese)
Sun Y,Ma H,Song J S.2015.A comparative study on the development strategies of Shenzhen and Hong Kong country parks.Landscape Architecture,7:118-124.
Xu X,Liu B Y.2009.The recreation plan and fundamental service facilities design in U.S.country park.Chinese Landscape Architecture,25(6):6-9.(in Chinese)
Yao E M,Tian G X.2016.Comparison and prospect of country park planning cases.Urban Insight,1:125-134.(in Chinese)
Zhang Y J,Zhang L Y,Zhang L.2013.The evolution and development of the concept of country park.Landscape Architecture,5:80-85.(in Chinese)
Zhang L Y.2010.Study on Evolution and Diversification of Country Park.Master diss.,Beijing Forestry University.(in Chinese)
Zhang X M.2004.Development and management of country parks in Hong Kong.Planners,20(10):90-94.(in Chinese)
Zhu J.2010.Research on Country Park Planning in China:A Case Study of Country Parks in Hong Kong,Shenzhen,Beijing and Shanghai.Master diss.,China Academy of Urban Planning and Design.(in Chinese)