生物运动研究进展及对运动员视觉搜索策略应用的展望
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摘要
通过回顾生物运动已有的心理学理论和应用研究,展望运动员视觉搜索策略应用的可能。结果显示:第一,运动员动作准确的预判可能来自整体和连续的低维度抽象动作信息,生物运动光点序列图能提供这种信息,所以也许对运动员视觉搜索来说这是更准确预判的线索。第二,运动员在竞赛压力下基于不完整信息做出快速识别是制胜因素之一,生物运动天然具有独特的识别信号,所以利用该信息的搜索策略进行体育专项运动识别训练,也许可以促使运动员更精确的快速决策。
By reviewing the existing theoretical and applied studies of biological motion, the paper analyzes the promise these studies hold out for their application to athletes' visual search strategies. The results showed:firstly, athletes' accurate anticipation might come from the distributed and continuous information that been abstracted from motions in low dimension. The point light animations of biological motion could provide useful information, so it might be a more accurate clue for athletes to predict. Secondly, athlete's quick recognition based on incomplete information was one of the winning factors when athletes were under competition pressure.Biological motion had natural identification signals. Therefore, sports recognition training might help athletes to make more precise and rapid decisions.
By reviewing the existing theoretical and applied studies of biological motion, the paper analyzes the promise these studies hold out for their application to athletes' visual search strategies. The results showed:firstly, athletes' accurate anticipation might come from the distributed and continuous information that been abstracted from motions in low dimension. The point light animations of biological motion could provide useful information, so it might be a more accurate clue for athletes to predict. Secondly, athlete's quick recognition based on incomplete information was one of the winning factors when athletes were under competition pressure.Biological motion had natural identification signals. Therefore, sports recognition training might help athletes to make more precise and rapid decisions.
引文
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[26]HUYS R,SMEETON NJ,HODGES NJ,et al. On the dynamic information underlying visual anticipation skill[J]. Perception&Psychophysics,2008,70(7):1217.
[27]WILLIAMS AM,WARD P,KNOWLES JM,et al. Anticipation skill in a real-world task:measurement,training,and transfer in tennis[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied,2002,8(4):259.
[28]娄虎,王进,刘萍.“Clutch”运动员特征的概念构图[J].体育科学,2014,34(6):49.
[29]STEEL K,ELLEME,BAXTER D. The application of biological motion research:biometrics,sport,and the military[J]. Psychonomic Bulletin&Review,2014,22(1):78.
[30]STEEL K,DOGRAMACI S. Does Teammate Recognition Accuracy Influence Movement Time in Ice Hockey?[J]. International Journal of Kinesiology&Sports Science,2015,3(2):2202.
[31]STEEL K,ADAMS R,CANNING C,et al. The Team-Mate Identification(TM-ID)Test:Effect of Participant and Situation Familiarity on Response Accuracy and Latency[J]. International Journal of Sports Science&Coaching,2010,5(2):281.
[32]STEEL KA,ADAMS RD,CANNING C. Liking and response latency in teammate identification:processing delays belowconscious awareness?[J]. Percept Mot Skills,2012,114(2):519.
[33]STEEL KA,ELLEM E. Is Mixed Practice More Effective than Physical Practice Alone for the Acquisition of Non-dominant Side Kicking Performance?[J]. Frontiers in Psychology,2016,7(10):1665.
[2]CHIA JS,BURNS SF,BARRETT LA,et al. Increased Complexities in Visual Search Behavior in Skilled Players for a Self-Paced Aiming Task[J]. Frontiers in Psychology,2017,8(6):987.
[3]TIMMIS MA,TURNER K,VAN PARIDON KN. Visual search strategies of soccer players executing a power vs. placement penalty kick[J]. Plos One,2014,9(12):1.
[4]张铁民.排球运动员判断发球落点任务中视觉搜索模式分析[J].体育学刊,2016,6(23):63.
[5]DIAZ G,FAJEN B,EHLIGNER D. Learning to anticipate the actions of others:The goal-keeper problem[J]. Journal of Vision,2009,9(8):608.
[6]LANGE J,GEORG K,LAPPE M. Visual perception of biological motion by form:a template-matching analysis[J]. Journal of Vision,2006,6(8):836.
[7]LAPPE M. Perception of biological motion as motion-from-form[J]. e-Neuroforum,2012,18(3):67.
[8]GAO Z,BENTIN S,SHEN M. Rehearsing Biological Motion in Working Memory:An EEG Study[J]. Journal of Cognitive NeuroScience,2015,27(1):198.
[9]JOHANSSON G. Visual perception of biological motion and a model for its analysis[J]. Perception&Psychophysics,1973,14(2):201.
[10]GAO Z,YE T,SHEN M,et al. Working memory capacity of biological movements predicts empathy traits[J]. Psychonomic Bulletin&Review,2016,23(2):468.
[11]OWENS DA,Antonoff RJ,Francis EL. Biological Motion and Nighttime Pedestrian Conspicuity[J]. Human Factors the Journal of the Human Factors&Ergonomics Society,1994,36(4):718.
[12]WOOD JM,TYRRELL RA,MARSZALEK R,et al. Using reflective clothing to enhance the conspicuity of bicyclists at night[J].Accid Anal Prev,2012,45(3):726.
[13]CASALE P,PUJOL O,RADEVA P. Personalization and user verification in wearable systems using biometric walking patterns[J].Personal&Ubiquitous Computing,2012,16(5):563.
[14]GEORGAKIS C,PANAGAKIS Y,PANITIC M. Dynamic Behavior Analysis via Structured Rank Minimization[J]. International Journal of Computer Vision,2017,1(1):1.
[15]SUN H,YUAO T. Curve aligning approach for gait authentication based on a wearable accelerometer[J]. Physiological Measurement,2012,33(6):1111.
[16]MULLER S,FADDE PJ. The Relationship Between Visual Anticipation and Baseball Batting Game Statistics[J]. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology,2016,28(1):49.
[17]KUDO T,YAMAMOTO Y,SHINOHARA H,et al. State Transition Probability as the Anticipation Clue of the Course of a Struck Ball[J]. Advances in Physical Education,2017,7(3):343.
[18]KIMMK,LEE YG. Analysis of Kickers'Strategic Actions for Finishing in Penalty Shoot-outs[J]. Korea Science,2013,11(9):341.
[19]FRANKS I M,HANVEY T. Cues for goalkeepers:High-tech methods used to measure penalty shot response[J]. Soccer Journal,1997,42(1):30.
[20]WILLIAMS AM,DAVID K,WILLIAMS JG.Visual perception and action in sport[M].London:E&FNSpon. 1993:1.
[21]SAVELSBERGH GJ,VAN KJ,WILLIAMS AM,et al. Anticipation and visual search behaviour in expert soccer goalkeepers[J].Ergonomics,2005,48(11-14):1686.
[22]AGLIOTI SM,CESARI P,ROMANI M,et al. Action anticipation and motor resonance in elite basketball players[J]. Nature Neuroscience,2008,11(9):1109.
[23]MEMMERT D,HUTTERMANN S,HAGEMANN N,et al. Dueling in the penalty box:evidence-based recommendations on how shooters and goalkeepers can win penalty shootouts in soccer[J]. International Review of Sport&Exercise Psychology,2013,6(1):209.
[24]MCMORRIS T,COLENSO S. Anticipation of professional soccer goalkeepers when facing right-and left-footed penalty kicks[J].Perceptual&Motor Skills,1996,82(3):931.
[25]SHAN G,WESTERHOFF P. Full-body kinematic characteristics of the maximal instep soccer kick by male soccer players and parameters related to kick quality[J]. Sports Biomech,2005,4(1):59.
[26]HUYS R,SMEETON NJ,HODGES NJ,et al. On the dynamic information underlying visual anticipation skill[J]. Perception&Psychophysics,2008,70(7):1217.
[27]WILLIAMS AM,WARD P,KNOWLES JM,et al. Anticipation skill in a real-world task:measurement,training,and transfer in tennis[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied,2002,8(4):259.
[28]娄虎,王进,刘萍.“Clutch”运动员特征的概念构图[J].体育科学,2014,34(6):49.
[29]STEEL K,ELLEME,BAXTER D. The application of biological motion research:biometrics,sport,and the military[J]. Psychonomic Bulletin&Review,2014,22(1):78.
[30]STEEL K,DOGRAMACI S. Does Teammate Recognition Accuracy Influence Movement Time in Ice Hockey?[J]. International Journal of Kinesiology&Sports Science,2015,3(2):2202.
[31]STEEL K,ADAMS R,CANNING C,et al. The Team-Mate Identification(TM-ID)Test:Effect of Participant and Situation Familiarity on Response Accuracy and Latency[J]. International Journal of Sports Science&Coaching,2010,5(2):281.
[32]STEEL KA,ADAMS RD,CANNING C. Liking and response latency in teammate identification:processing delays belowconscious awareness?[J]. Percept Mot Skills,2012,114(2):519.
[33]STEEL KA,ELLEM E. Is Mixed Practice More Effective than Physical Practice Alone for the Acquisition of Non-dominant Side Kicking Performance?[J]. Frontiers in Psychology,2016,7(10):1665.