摘要
表面活性剂驱是三次采油中稳产增产的重要手段,随着高温油藏研究开发的不断深入,耐高温表面活性剂具有更加重要的研究价值。该文根据深层油藏温度高的特点和中国油藏开发现状,在研究国内外文献资料的基础上,将具有耐高温性能的表面活性剂按阴-非离子型(Anionic-nonionic)、两性型(Amphoteric)、双子型(Gemini)和氟碳型(Fluorocarbon)分类。通过对4类表面活性剂的比较,讨论了基团、分子结构等因素对表面活性剂耐温性的影响,指出可生物降解表面活性剂是耐温表面活性剂继续发展的重要方向,同时对双子表面活性剂的合成及氟碳表面活性剂的应用提出了建议。
Surfactant flooding used in tertiary oil recovery is a kind of crucial method for stable oil production and increasing oil production. Along with the continuing research and exploitation of hightemperature reservoir, high-temperature resistant surfactants have more important research value. According to the characteristics of high-temperature reservoir and its development status in China, hightemperature resistant surfactants can be divided into four categories: anionic-nonionic, amphoteric, Gemini and fluorocarbon surfactants. By comparing the surfactants reviewed in this paper, some factors affecting their temperature resistance such as group and molecular structure are discussed. Subsequently, it is also pointed out that the biodegradable surfactant is one of the most important research directions of hightemperature resistant surfactants. At the same time, some suggestions on the synthesis of Gemini surfactants and the application of fluorocarbon surfactants are put forward.
引文
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