断裂系统对碳酸盐岩储层的控制作用——以塔里木盆地塔中Ⅲ区奥陶系为例
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摘要
塔里木盆地塔中Ⅲ区断裂发育,从塔里木盆地区域应力场入手,利用三维地震资料,在断裂精细刻画的基础上,探讨了塔中Ⅲ区断裂系统对奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层的控制作用。塔中Ⅲ区主要发育4期断裂,分别是寒武纪—早奥陶世拉张断裂、中晚奥陶世挤压走滑断裂、志留纪—泥盆纪北东左旋扭张走滑断裂和二叠纪岩浆刺穿导致的断裂,断裂性质有逆冲、挤压走滑以及扭张走滑3类。勘探证实塔中Ⅲ区奥陶系主要发育颗粒滩相储层与缝洞型储层。利用均方根振幅属性结合断裂体系的精细解释,从平面上刻画了桑塔木组低部颗粒灰岩的平面展布,进而得到了下伏良里塔格组沉积相带的平面展布。利用振幅属性和AFE技术分别得到了奥陶系储层与断层破碎带的平面分布。断裂系统、沉积相、断层破碎带与储层的平面展布关系表明储层的发育与断裂密切相关:中晚奥陶世挤压走滑断裂控制了上奥陶统颗粒滩相带分布,挤压走滑断裂附近是有利的颗粒滩相储层发育区。多期走滑断裂控制断裂破碎带及岩溶带的发育,对碳酸盐岩储层的改造作用最为显著。走滑断裂及其伴生的破碎带附近裂缝比较发育,增加了储层的连通性和渗透性,并成为热液流体的优势运移通道,明显改善了缝洞型储层的储集能力。
Faults in the Tazhong area of Tarim Basin were well developed,which evidently affected the reservoir development and reformation.Using new 3Dseismic data,with the analysis of regional stress field of the Tarim Basin,the fault systems in the 3rd block of Tazhong area were interpreted and depicted in detail,and their effects on the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs were studied.Four stages of fault systems developed in the 3rd block of Tazhong area respectively are(1)the Cambrian-Early Ordovician tensile fault system;(2)the Middle-Late Ordovician thrust nappe,compressional strike-slip fault system;(3)the SilurianDevonian northeast left step transtensional strike-slip fault system,and(4)the Permian magma pierced fault system.The faults can be divided into three types:Thrust,compressional and transtensional strike-slip faults.Grain shoal facies reservoir and fracture-cavity reservoir are two main reservoir types.With the combination of RMS attribute analysis and faults interpretation,the distribution of limestone in the bottom part of Sangtamu Formation in plane was depicted,from which the distribution of sedimentary facies of the Lianglitage Formation was obtained.Based on the RMS attribute and AFE technique,the distribution of Ordovician reservoir and fault fracture zone was obtained.The relationship of fault systems,sedimentary facies,and fault facture zone with the distribution of Ordovician reservoir shows that fault systems in the 3rd block of Tazhong area have obvious controlling effects on the reservoir.The Middle-Late Ordovician compressional strike-slip faults control the sedimentary system and further control the development of sedimentary facies and high-energy facies zones in this area,which are developed along the compressional strikeslip faults.Multiple stages of fault systems controlled the development of fracture zone and buried karst,which most reformed the carbonate reservoirs,increasing the reservoir permeability and connectivity and becoming the favorable migration conduit of hydrothermal flow.They also improve the reservoir capacity.
Faults in the Tazhong area of Tarim Basin were well developed,which evidently affected the reservoir development and reformation.Using new 3Dseismic data,with the analysis of regional stress field of the Tarim Basin,the fault systems in the 3rd block of Tazhong area were interpreted and depicted in detail,and their effects on the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs were studied.Four stages of fault systems developed in the 3rd block of Tazhong area respectively are(1)the Cambrian-Early Ordovician tensile fault system;(2)the Middle-Late Ordovician thrust nappe,compressional strike-slip fault system;(3)the SilurianDevonian northeast left step transtensional strike-slip fault system,and(4)the Permian magma pierced fault system.The faults can be divided into three types:Thrust,compressional and transtensional strike-slip faults.Grain shoal facies reservoir and fracture-cavity reservoir are two main reservoir types.With the combination of RMS attribute analysis and faults interpretation,the distribution of limestone in the bottom part of Sangtamu Formation in plane was depicted,from which the distribution of sedimentary facies of the Lianglitage Formation was obtained.Based on the RMS attribute and AFE technique,the distribution of Ordovician reservoir and fault fracture zone was obtained.The relationship of fault systems,sedimentary facies,and fault facture zone with the distribution of Ordovician reservoir shows that fault systems in the 3rd block of Tazhong area have obvious controlling effects on the reservoir.The Middle-Late Ordovician compressional strike-slip faults control the sedimentary system and further control the development of sedimentary facies and high-energy facies zones in this area,which are developed along the compressional strikeslip faults.Multiple stages of fault systems controlled the development of fracture zone and buried karst,which most reformed the carbonate reservoirs,increasing the reservoir permeability and connectivity and becoming the favorable migration conduit of hydrothermal flow.They also improve the reservoir capacity.
引文
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