采用定长索设计的肋环型索穹顶结构索长误差影响的试验研究
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摘要
在国内建成的肋环型索穹顶结构中,多采用调节索长以控制结构性状(力态与形态)的施工方法,而国外更多采用定长索设计与施工。定长索设计是将索头设计为不能调节长度的形式,通过精确设计和控制各索的制作长度,在现场直接张拉到位,不需要反复调节索长,节省人力物力。使用定长索设计与施工,需要首先了解张拉结构中不同索的索长误差对其整体结构预应力态和荷载态的影响,进而依据相关理论确定索长误差控制值。文中针对索长误差的敏感性,设计一个平面为矩形的肋环型索穹顶结构模型,通过试验研究初始索长误差对预应力态的影响,比较不同索的索长误差影响范围及大小的不同,并试验初始索长误差影响与预应力水平的关系。在此基础上,通过试验研究不同荷载工况下初始索长误差对结构荷载态的影响,并进行对比。最后,比较预应力态不同,初始索长误差发生位置不同时,初始索长误差对荷载态的影响。研究成果对索穹顶结构的设计与施工张拉有指导作用。
In the construction of cable domes,design of cable with adjustable length is often adopted in China,while design of cable with un-adjustable length is often employed in other countries. In design of cable with un-adjustable length,cable ends are specially designed to be completely fixed so that cable length cannot be adjusted. The cable length must be designed accurately and manufactured according to the standards for the cable length,so that the cables can be directly and completely tensioned on site without the necessity of repeatedly adjusting cable length,leading to the savings in labors and costs. Obviously,the manufactural criteria of cable length shall be established when applying the design of cable with un-adjustable length,and the effects of cable length errors from tensioned structures on pre-stress states and loading states of global structure shall be understood. In this study,a cable dome structure with rectangular plane was designed and tested to study the influences of cable length errors. Firstly,the influences of cable length errors from different cables on pre-stress and loading states were investigated and compared,and then the relation between the initial cable length error and pre-stress level was explored. Furthermore,the influences of initial cable length errors on the loading states of dome structure under different loading cases were investigated experimentally. Eventually,when the pre-stress states are different and when the locations of cable length errors are different,the performance and responses of the cable dome structure were studied. The research results can provide guidance to the design and construction of Geiger cable domes.
In the construction of cable domes,design of cable with adjustable length is often adopted in China,while design of cable with un-adjustable length is often employed in other countries. In design of cable with un-adjustable length,cable ends are specially designed to be completely fixed so that cable length cannot be adjusted. The cable length must be designed accurately and manufactured according to the standards for the cable length,so that the cables can be directly and completely tensioned on site without the necessity of repeatedly adjusting cable length,leading to the savings in labors and costs. Obviously,the manufactural criteria of cable length shall be established when applying the design of cable with un-adjustable length,and the effects of cable length errors from tensioned structures on pre-stress states and loading states of global structure shall be understood. In this study,a cable dome structure with rectangular plane was designed and tested to study the influences of cable length errors. Firstly,the influences of cable length errors from different cables on pre-stress and loading states were investigated and compared,and then the relation between the initial cable length error and pre-stress level was explored. Furthermore,the influences of initial cable length errors on the loading states of dome structure under different loading cases were investigated experimentally. Eventually,when the pre-stress states are different and when the locations of cable length errors are different,the performance and responses of the cable dome structure were studied. The research results can provide guidance to the design and construction of Geiger cable domes.
引文
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[9]葛家琪,徐瑞龙,李国立,等.索穹顶结构整体张拉成形模型试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(4):23-30(Ge Jiaqi,Xu Ruilong,Li Guoli,et al.Experimental study on forming process of cable dome structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(4):23-30(in Chinese))
[10]郭彦林,田广宇,王昆,等.宝安体育场车辐式屋盖结构整体模型施工张拉试验[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(3):1-10(Guo Yanlin,Tian Guangyu,Wang Kun,et al.Tensioning experiment on spoke structural roof of Baoan Stadium[J].Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(3):1-10(in Chinese))
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[13]郑君华,董石麟,詹伟东.葵花型索穹顶结构的多种施工张拉方法及其试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2006,27(1):112-116(Zheng Junhua,Dong Shilin,Zhan Weidong.Experimental research on construction process of Levy type cable dome[J].Journal of Building Structures,2006,27(1):112-116(in Chinese))
[14]陈联盟,董石麟.凯威特型索穹顶结构多种张拉成形方案模型试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(11):45-50(Chen Lianmeng,Dong Shilin.Experimental research on construction of a Kiewitt dome model pre-tensioned by different schemes[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(11):45-50(in Chinese))
[15]葛家琪,徐瑞龙,李国立,等.索穹顶结构整体张拉成形模型试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(4):23-30(Ge Jiaqi,Xu Ruilong,Li Guoli,et al.Experimental study on forming process of cable dome structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(4):23-30(in Chinese))
[16]阚远,叶继红.索穹顶结构施工成形及荷载试验研究[J].工程力学,2008,25(8):205-211(Kan Yuan,Ye Jihong.Form finding and loading experiment of cabledomes[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(8):205-211(in Chinese))
[17]宗钟凌,郭正兴.葵花型索穹顶结构力学性能及拉索破断试验研究[J].工程力学,2013,30(1):271-276(Zong Zhongling,Guo Zhengxing.Experimental research on mechanical properties and cable broken of levy cable dome[J].Engineering Mechanics,2013,30(1):271-276(in Chinese))
[18]袁行飞,董石麟.索穹顶结构有限元分析及试验研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2004,38(5):586-592(Yuan Xingfei,Dong Shilin.Finite element analysis and experimental research on cable domes[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2004,38(5):586-592(in Chinese))
[19]张爱林,刘学春,李健,等.大跨度索穹顶结构模型静力试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(4):54-59(Zhang Ailin,Liu Xuechun,Li Jian,et al.Static experimental study on large-span cable dome structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(4):54-59(in Chinese))
[20]郑君华,罗尧治,董石麟,等.矩形平面索穹顶结构的模型试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(2):25-31(Zheng Junhua,Luo Yaozhi,Dong Shilin,et al.Model experimental research on rectangular cable dome[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(2):25-31(in Chinese))
[21]田广宇.车辐式张拉结构设计理论与施工控制关键技术研究[D].北京:清华大学,2012(Tian Guangyu.Research on key technology of design theory and construction control in spoke tension structures[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2012(in Chinese))
[2]Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee.Games of the XXIVth Olympiad Seoul 1988:official report—volume 1:organization and planning[M].Seoul:Korea Textbook Co.Ltd.,1989
[3]张国军,葛家琪,王树,等.内蒙古伊旗全民健身体育中心索穹顶结构体系设计研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(4):12-22(Zhang Guojun,Ge Jiaqi,Wang Shu,et al.Design and research on cable dome structural system of the national fitness center in Ejin Horo Banner,Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(4):12-22(in Chinese))
[4]胡正平,李婷,赵楠,等.中国(太原)煤炭交易中心:展览中心结构设计[J].建筑结构,2011,41(9):16-21,134(Hu Zhengping,Li Ting,Zhao Nan,et al.Structural design for the exhibition center in China coal trading center of Taiyuan[J].Building Structure,2011,41(9):16-21,134(in Chinese))
[5]胡正平,李婷,陈彬磊,等.中国(太原)煤炭交易中心索网穹顶静动力特性及施工技术研究[J].施工技术,2012,41(增):202-208(Hu Zhengping,Li Ting,Chen Binlei,et al.The research of the static and dynamic properties and construction technology of cable dome grid structure in coal trading center of China(Taiyuan)[J].Construction Technology,2012,41(S):202-208(in Chinese)))
[6]董石麟,袁行飞,赵宝军,等.索穹顶结构多种预应力张拉施工方法的全过程分析[J].空间结构,2007,13(1):3-14,25(Dong Shiling,Yuan Xingfei,Zhao Baojun,et al.Construction analysis of cable-dome structures pretensioned by different schemes[J].Spatial Structures,2007,13(1):3-14,25(in Chinese))
[7]刘璐.索穹顶结构施工全过程研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008(Liu Lu.Study on construction process of cable dome[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2008(in Chinese))
[8]武雷,陶礼芸.预应力钢结构斜拉索的挂索与张拉方法探讨[J].施工技术,2004,33(7):15-17(Wu Lei,Tao Liyun.Research on installation and tension method of stay cable of prestressed steel structure[J].Construction Technology,2004,33(7):15-17(in Chinese))
[9]葛家琪,徐瑞龙,李国立,等.索穹顶结构整体张拉成形模型试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(4):23-30(Ge Jiaqi,Xu Ruilong,Li Guoli,et al.Experimental study on forming process of cable dome structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(4):23-30(in Chinese))
[10]郭彦林,田广宇,王昆,等.宝安体育场车辐式屋盖结构整体模型施工张拉试验[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(3):1-10(Guo Yanlin,Tian Guangyu,Wang Kun,et al.Tensioning experiment on spoke structural roof of Baoan Stadium[J].Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(3):1-10(in Chinese))
[11]陈联盟,董石麟,袁行飞.索穹顶结构施工成形理论分析和试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(11):33-36,113(Chen Lianmeng,Dong Shilin,Yuan Xingfei.Theoretical and experimental study on the construction of cable domes[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(11):33-36,113(in Chinese))
[12]黄呈伟,邓宜,宋万明,等.索穹顶结构模型试验研究[J].空间结构,1999,5(3):40-46(Huang Chengwei,Deng Yi,Song Wanming,et al.Experiment analysis of cable dome structure[J].Spatial Structures,1999(3):40-46(in Chinese))
[13]郑君华,董石麟,詹伟东.葵花型索穹顶结构的多种施工张拉方法及其试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2006,27(1):112-116(Zheng Junhua,Dong Shilin,Zhan Weidong.Experimental research on construction process of Levy type cable dome[J].Journal of Building Structures,2006,27(1):112-116(in Chinese))
[14]陈联盟,董石麟.凯威特型索穹顶结构多种张拉成形方案模型试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(11):45-50(Chen Lianmeng,Dong Shilin.Experimental research on construction of a Kiewitt dome model pre-tensioned by different schemes[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(11):45-50(in Chinese))
[15]葛家琪,徐瑞龙,李国立,等.索穹顶结构整体张拉成形模型试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(4):23-30(Ge Jiaqi,Xu Ruilong,Li Guoli,et al.Experimental study on forming process of cable dome structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(4):23-30(in Chinese))
[16]阚远,叶继红.索穹顶结构施工成形及荷载试验研究[J].工程力学,2008,25(8):205-211(Kan Yuan,Ye Jihong.Form finding and loading experiment of cabledomes[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(8):205-211(in Chinese))
[17]宗钟凌,郭正兴.葵花型索穹顶结构力学性能及拉索破断试验研究[J].工程力学,2013,30(1):271-276(Zong Zhongling,Guo Zhengxing.Experimental research on mechanical properties and cable broken of levy cable dome[J].Engineering Mechanics,2013,30(1):271-276(in Chinese))
[18]袁行飞,董石麟.索穹顶结构有限元分析及试验研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2004,38(5):586-592(Yuan Xingfei,Dong Shilin.Finite element analysis and experimental research on cable domes[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2004,38(5):586-592(in Chinese))
[19]张爱林,刘学春,李健,等.大跨度索穹顶结构模型静力试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(4):54-59(Zhang Ailin,Liu Xuechun,Li Jian,et al.Static experimental study on large-span cable dome structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(4):54-59(in Chinese))
[20]郑君华,罗尧治,董石麟,等.矩形平面索穹顶结构的模型试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(2):25-31(Zheng Junhua,Luo Yaozhi,Dong Shilin,et al.Model experimental research on rectangular cable dome[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(2):25-31(in Chinese))
[21]田广宇.车辐式张拉结构设计理论与施工控制关键技术研究[D].北京:清华大学,2012(Tian Guangyu.Research on key technology of design theory and construction control in spoke tension structures[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2012(in Chinese))