教育对个人幸福感的提升效果和作用机制检验——基于CGSS2012数据的实证研究
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摘要
基于个体的教育收益不仅包括以工资收入反映出来的经济回报,还涵盖了涉及人类生存各方面的非经济收益,倍受关注的个体幸福感也是其中之一。以中国综合社会调查2012年的全国数据为基础,对教育是否能够提升个体幸福感及其提升的作用机制进行了研究。结果显示:教育能够促进个体幸福感的提升;个体的健康水平、个体的社会地位、个体的休闲程度和个体的人际关系都可以部分地解释教育提升个体幸福感指数的作用,其部分中介效果成立;个体职业收入这一变量的部分中介效果只在男性子样本中成立,在女性子样本中不成立。
Individual education benefits,not only the economic returns reflected in the salary income,but also the non-economic benefits related to human survival,the individual happiness is also one of them. Based on the national data of China's comprehensive social survey in 2012,this paper studies whether education can improve individual happiness and its mechanism of promotion. The results showed that : education can improve individual happiness; the individual's health level,the degree of individual's social status,individual leisure level and individual interpersonal relationships can partly explain the role of education improving the individual happiness index; the individual occupational income's partial mediation effect is only found in male subsamples,which is not found in female subsamples.
Individual education benefits,not only the economic returns reflected in the salary income,but also the non-economic benefits related to human survival,the individual happiness is also one of them. Based on the national data of China's comprehensive social survey in 2012,this paper studies whether education can improve individual happiness and its mechanism of promotion. The results showed that : education can improve individual happiness; the individual's health level,the degree of individual's social status,individual leisure level and individual interpersonal relationships can partly explain the role of education improving the individual happiness index; the individual occupational income's partial mediation effect is only found in male subsamples,which is not found in female subsamples.
引文
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[25]Hickson,H.,&Dockery,A.M.(2008).Is ignorance bliss:Exploring the links between education,expectations and happiness.37th Australian Conference of Economists,Gold Goast.
[26][29]Gesthuizen,M.Van Der Meer,T.,&Scheepers,P.Education and dimensions of social capital:Do educational effects differ due to educational expansion and social security expenditure[J].European Sociological Review,2008(24):617-632.
[28]Dolan,P.Layard,R.,&Metcalfe,R.Measuring subjective well-being for public policy.London:Office for National Statistics,2011:110-119.
[30]Chen,W.C.How education enhances happiness:Comparison of mediating factors in four East Asian countries[J].Social Indictor Research,2012(106):117-131.
[31]温忠麟,侯杰泰等.调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用[J].心理学报,2005(2):268-274.
[3]李实,丁赛.中国城镇教育收益率的长期变动趋势[J].中国社会科学,2003(6):58-72.
[4]陈晓宇,陈良焜,夏晨.人力资本的外部性与行业收入差异[J].北京大学教育评论,2003(2):65-72.
[5]国务院发展研究中心课题组.中国农村教育收益率的实证研究[J].农业技术经济,2007(4):6-10.
[6]金江.教育使人幸福吗?---基于武汉市城镇居民的实证分析[J].经济评论,2012(6):36-43.
[7][10][14][16][17][27]黄嘉文.教育程度、收入水平与中国城市居民幸福感---一项基于CGSS2005的实证分析[J].社会,2013(5):181-203.
[8][9][13]余英.教育如何影响幸福[J].北京大学教育评论,2014(7):105-120.
[11]Benhabib,J.,&Spiegel,M.The role of human capital in economic development:Evidence from aggregate cross-country data[J].Journal of Monetary Economics,1994(34):143-174.
[12]Peiro,A.Happiness,satisfaction and socio-economic conditions:Some international evidence[J].Journal of Socio-Economics,2006(35):348-365.
[15]Witter,D.O.,&Stock,W.A.&Haring,M.J.Education and subjective well-being:A meta-analysis[J].Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis,1984(6):165-173.
[18]Richards,H.,and R.Barry,“U.S.Life Tables for1990 by Sex,Race,and Education”,Journal of Forensic Economics,1998,11(1):9-26.
[19]程令国,张晔等.教育如何影响了人们的健康?---来自中国老年人的证据[J].经济学,2014(1):305-330.
[20]Grossman,M.,and R.Kaestner,"Effects of Education on Health",in:J.R.Behrman and N.Stacey,ed.,The Social Benefits of Education,University of Michigan Press,1997.
[21]Sander W.Cognitive ability,Schooling and the demand for alcohol by young adults[J].Education Economics,1997(7):53-66.
[22]Sander W.The effect of schooling and cognitive ability on smoking and marijuana use by young adults[J].Economic of Education Review,1998,17(3):317-324.
[23]Hartog J.Oosterbeek H.Health,wealth and happiness:why pursue a higher education?[J].Economics of Education Review,1998,17(3):245-256.
[24]Conti,G.Heckman,J.,&Urzua,S.The education-health gradient[J].American Economic Review,2010(100):234-238.
[25]Hickson,H.,&Dockery,A.M.(2008).Is ignorance bliss:Exploring the links between education,expectations and happiness.37th Australian Conference of Economists,Gold Goast.
[26][29]Gesthuizen,M.Van Der Meer,T.,&Scheepers,P.Education and dimensions of social capital:Do educational effects differ due to educational expansion and social security expenditure[J].European Sociological Review,2008(24):617-632.
[28]Dolan,P.Layard,R.,&Metcalfe,R.Measuring subjective well-being for public policy.London:Office for National Statistics,2011:110-119.
[30]Chen,W.C.How education enhances happiness:Comparison of mediating factors in four East Asian countries[J].Social Indictor Research,2012(106):117-131.
[31]温忠麟,侯杰泰等.调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用[J].心理学报,2005(2):268-274.