不同年限对栽参土壤生物活性的影响
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摘要
通过对不同年限栽参土壤微生物功能多样性和土壤酶活性的动态变化分析,探究人参生长年限与微生物碳源利用、土壤酶活性之间的相互关系,寻找人参生长与土壤生物活性之间的变化规律,旨在从生物活性角度分析人参连作障碍成因及为科学指导栽参提供理论依据。分析表明,随着人参生长年限的增加,AWCD值、物种丰富度指数和碳源利用丰富度指数均降低,而优势度度指数升高。土壤脲酶,蔗糖酶活性随栽培年限增加活性降低,而过氧化氢酶活性升高。相关性分析表明,微生物代谢与土壤酶活性关系密切,微生物种类多,奇异度高,微生态系统稳定,土壤酶活性高。因此,保证土壤微生物的多样性,保持土壤酶活性,是提高土壤质量的重要手段,也是解决人参连作障碍的有效途径。
The purpose of this study was to analyze the causes of the continuous cropping obstruction of ginseng from the perspective of bioactivity and to provide a theoretical basis for scientific guidance and to find out the law of change between the growth of ginseng and the biological activity of soil. Looking for ginseng growth and soil biological activity, the dynamic changes of soil microbial functional diversity and soil enzyme activity were analyzed by means of soil microbial function diversity and soil enzyme activity. The results showed that with the increase of the duration of ginseng growth, the AWCD value, species richness index and carbon source utilization richness index decreased, while the advantage degree index increased. The activity of the soil urease and sucrose activity decreased with the increase of planting time, while the activity of catalase increased. Correlation analysis showed that the microbial metabolism and soil enzyme activity were closely related, the microbial species were many, the singularity was high, the micro-ecosystem was stable, and the soil enzyme activity was high. Therefore,ensuring the diversity of soil microorganism and keeping soil enzyme activity might be an important means to improve soil quality and an effective way to solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the causes of the continuous cropping obstruction of ginseng from the perspective of bioactivity and to provide a theoretical basis for scientific guidance and to find out the law of change between the growth of ginseng and the biological activity of soil. Looking for ginseng growth and soil biological activity, the dynamic changes of soil microbial functional diversity and soil enzyme activity were analyzed by means of soil microbial function diversity and soil enzyme activity. The results showed that with the increase of the duration of ginseng growth, the AWCD value, species richness index and carbon source utilization richness index decreased, while the advantage degree index increased. The activity of the soil urease and sucrose activity decreased with the increase of planting time, while the activity of catalase increased. Correlation analysis showed that the microbial metabolism and soil enzyme activity were closely related, the microbial species were many, the singularity was high, the micro-ecosystem was stable, and the soil enzyme activity was high. Therefore,ensuring the diversity of soil microorganism and keeping soil enzyme activity might be an important means to improve soil quality and an effective way to solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle.
引文
Campbell C.D.,Grayston S.J.,and Hirst D.J.,1997,Use of rhizosphere carbon sources in sole carbon source tests to discriminate soil microbial communities,Microbiol.Meth.,30(1):33-41
Dong L.L.,Niu W.H.,Wang R.,Xu J.,Zhang L.J.,Zhang J.,and Chen S.L.,2017,Changes of diversity and composition of fungal communities in rhizosphere of Panax ginseng,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica),42(3):443-449(董林林,牛玮浩,王瑞,徐江,张连娟,张军,陈士林,2017,人参根际真菌群落多样性及组成的变化,中国中药杂志,42(3):443-449)
Fang X.Q.,2013,Advances in agricultural soil quality assessment tools and applications,Turang Tongbao(Chinese Journal of Soil Science),44(2):496-504(房全孝,2013,土壤质量评价工具及其应用研究进展,土壤通报,44(2):496-504)
Li X.G.,2002,New strategies of ginseng industry,Jilin Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Jilin Agricultural University),24(5):1-5(李向高,2002,人参产业的创新战略,吉林农业大学学报,24(5):1-5)
Ma F.M.,Yang L.M.,Xiao C.P.,and Yang S.,2015,Effect of microbial inoculants on soil microbial functional diversity of old ginseng land,Jilin Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Jilin Agricultural University),37(3):317-322(马锋敏,杨利民,肖春萍,杨颂,2015,施用微生物菌剂对参后地土壤微生物功能多样性的影响,吉林农业大学学报,37(3):317-322)
Shen L.,Wu J.,Li X.W.,Xu J.,Dong L.L.,Sang M.C.,Sun C.Z.,Tengyuan Z.S.,and Chen S.L.,2016,A study of global ecological adaptability and field selection practices of Panax ginseng,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica),41(18):3314-3322(沈亮,吴杰,李西文,徐江,董林林,桑明春,孙成忠,藤原直树,陈士林,2016,人参全球产地生态适宜性分析及农田栽培选地规范,中国中药杂志,41(18):3314-3322)
Xie C.X.,Suo F.M.,Jia G.L.,Song J.Y.,Huang L.F.,and Chen S.L.,2011,Correlation between ecological factors and ginsenosides,Shengtai Xuebao(Acta Ecologica Sinica),31(24):7551-7563(谢彩香,索风梅,贾光林,宋经元,黄林芳,陈士林,2011,人参皂苷与生态因子的相关性,生态学报,31(24):7551-7563)
Xu Y.H.,Song X.D.,and Du Y.Z.,2006,Present situation of ginseng germpasm resource and protection strategic measures,Renshen Yanjiu(Ginseng Research),18(4):5-8(许永华,宋心东,杜跃中,2006,人参种质资源现状及保育对策,人参研究,18(4):5-8)
Yang Y.W.,Jiang Y.T.,and Zhang L.X.,2016,Study on the relationship between soil enzyme activity and chemical composition in farmland and deforestation ginseng,Beifang Yuanyi(Northern Horticulture),(17):157-162(杨艳文,姜沅彤,张连学,2016,农田参和伐林参根际土壤酶指标与化学成分比较,北方园艺,(17):157-162)
Zabinski C.A.,and Gannon J.E.,1997,Effects of recreational impacts on soil microbial communities,Environ.Manage.,21(2):233-238
Zhang L.X.,Chen C.B.,Wang Y.P.,2008,Study on discontinuous cultivating of Panax ginseng and its workable solution,Jilin Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Jilin Agricultural U-niversity),30(4):481-491(张连学,陈长宝,王英平,2008,人参忌连作研究及其解决途径,吉林农业大学学报,30(4):481-491)
Zhang Y.Y.,Sun H.,Song X.X.,Sun C.W.,and Hou L.,2010,Correlative study on the activity of enzyme and soil nutrient level in the different years of cultivate ginseng soil in farmland,Techan Yanjiu(Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research),(4):43-46(张亚玉,孙海,宋晓霞,孙长伟,侯莉,2010,农田栽培人参根区土壤主要养分与土壤酶活性的研究,特产研究,(4):43-46)
Dong L.L.,Niu W.H.,Wang R.,Xu J.,Zhang L.J.,Zhang J.,and Chen S.L.,2017,Changes of diversity and composition of fungal communities in rhizosphere of Panax ginseng,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica),42(3):443-449(董林林,牛玮浩,王瑞,徐江,张连娟,张军,陈士林,2017,人参根际真菌群落多样性及组成的变化,中国中药杂志,42(3):443-449)
Fang X.Q.,2013,Advances in agricultural soil quality assessment tools and applications,Turang Tongbao(Chinese Journal of Soil Science),44(2):496-504(房全孝,2013,土壤质量评价工具及其应用研究进展,土壤通报,44(2):496-504)
Li X.G.,2002,New strategies of ginseng industry,Jilin Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Jilin Agricultural University),24(5):1-5(李向高,2002,人参产业的创新战略,吉林农业大学学报,24(5):1-5)
Ma F.M.,Yang L.M.,Xiao C.P.,and Yang S.,2015,Effect of microbial inoculants on soil microbial functional diversity of old ginseng land,Jilin Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Jilin Agricultural University),37(3):317-322(马锋敏,杨利民,肖春萍,杨颂,2015,施用微生物菌剂对参后地土壤微生物功能多样性的影响,吉林农业大学学报,37(3):317-322)
Shen L.,Wu J.,Li X.W.,Xu J.,Dong L.L.,Sang M.C.,Sun C.Z.,Tengyuan Z.S.,and Chen S.L.,2016,A study of global ecological adaptability and field selection practices of Panax ginseng,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica),41(18):3314-3322(沈亮,吴杰,李西文,徐江,董林林,桑明春,孙成忠,藤原直树,陈士林,2016,人参全球产地生态适宜性分析及农田栽培选地规范,中国中药杂志,41(18):3314-3322)
Xie C.X.,Suo F.M.,Jia G.L.,Song J.Y.,Huang L.F.,and Chen S.L.,2011,Correlation between ecological factors and ginsenosides,Shengtai Xuebao(Acta Ecologica Sinica),31(24):7551-7563(谢彩香,索风梅,贾光林,宋经元,黄林芳,陈士林,2011,人参皂苷与生态因子的相关性,生态学报,31(24):7551-7563)
Xu Y.H.,Song X.D.,and Du Y.Z.,2006,Present situation of ginseng germpasm resource and protection strategic measures,Renshen Yanjiu(Ginseng Research),18(4):5-8(许永华,宋心东,杜跃中,2006,人参种质资源现状及保育对策,人参研究,18(4):5-8)
Yang Y.W.,Jiang Y.T.,and Zhang L.X.,2016,Study on the relationship between soil enzyme activity and chemical composition in farmland and deforestation ginseng,Beifang Yuanyi(Northern Horticulture),(17):157-162(杨艳文,姜沅彤,张连学,2016,农田参和伐林参根际土壤酶指标与化学成分比较,北方园艺,(17):157-162)
Zabinski C.A.,and Gannon J.E.,1997,Effects of recreational impacts on soil microbial communities,Environ.Manage.,21(2):233-238
Zhang L.X.,Chen C.B.,Wang Y.P.,2008,Study on discontinuous cultivating of Panax ginseng and its workable solution,Jilin Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Jilin Agricultural U-niversity),30(4):481-491(张连学,陈长宝,王英平,2008,人参忌连作研究及其解决途径,吉林农业大学学报,30(4):481-491)
Zhang Y.Y.,Sun H.,Song X.X.,Sun C.W.,and Hou L.,2010,Correlative study on the activity of enzyme and soil nutrient level in the different years of cultivate ginseng soil in farmland,Techan Yanjiu(Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research),(4):43-46(张亚玉,孙海,宋晓霞,孙长伟,侯莉,2010,农田栽培人参根区土壤主要养分与土壤酶活性的研究,特产研究,(4):43-46)