七种杀虫剂对烟蚜和南方小花蝽的毒力测定
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摘要
为筛选出对南方小花蝽安全的药剂,测定了烟田常用7种杀虫剂对烟蚜成蚜(浸渍法)的毒力及南方小花蝽5龄若虫、雌成虫(药膜法)的毒性,并对南方小花蝽进行了安全性评价。结果表明,无论处理24 h还是48 h,对烟蚜成蚜的毒力、南方小花蝽雌成虫的毒性均是啶虫脒最高,LC50分别为0.258和0.027 mg/L(24 h)、0.164和0.019 mg/L(48 h),苦参碱最低,LC50分别30.224和28.396 mg/L(24 h)、17.106和9.334 mg/L(48 h);对南方小花蝽5龄若虫的毒性以溴氰菊酯最高,吡虫啉最低,苦参碱和阿维菌素相当,仅大于吡虫啉。综合考虑毒性和安全系数,防治烟蚜时选用苦参碱和阿维菌素能更好的保护南方小花蝽,达到协调化学防治和生物防治的目的。
To screen safety pesticides to Orius similis in tobacco fields, the toxicities of 7 kinds of pesticides on wingless adult of Myzus persicae(leaf immersion method), 5 th instar nymph and female adults of O. similis(residual film method) was determined, and their safety to O. similis were evaluated. The results showed that the highest toxicity on M. persicae and female adult of O. similis was acetamiprid both at 24 h and 48 h, with LC50 being 0.258 mg/L, 0.027 mg/L(24 h) and 0.164 mg/L, 0.019 mg/L(48 h) respectively, while the lowest toxicity was matrine, with LC50 being 30.224 mg/L, 28.396 mg/L(24 h) and 17.106 mg/L, 9.334 mg/L(48 h) respectively. The toxicity of deltamethrin to 5 th instar nymph of O. similis was the highest, and the toxicity of imidacloprid was the lowest. Abamectin and matrine had similar toxicities, which were only higher than imidacloprid. The results of toxicity and the safety coefficient indicated that if matrine and abamectin were used in controlling M. persicae, which would be better in protecting O. similis. These would achieve the objective of coordination of chemical control and biological control.
To screen safety pesticides to Orius similis in tobacco fields, the toxicities of 7 kinds of pesticides on wingless adult of Myzus persicae(leaf immersion method), 5 th instar nymph and female adults of O. similis(residual film method) was determined, and their safety to O. similis were evaluated. The results showed that the highest toxicity on M. persicae and female adult of O. similis was acetamiprid both at 24 h and 48 h, with LC50 being 0.258 mg/L, 0.027 mg/L(24 h) and 0.164 mg/L, 0.019 mg/L(48 h) respectively, while the lowest toxicity was matrine, with LC50 being 30.224 mg/L, 28.396 mg/L(24 h) and 17.106 mg/L, 9.334 mg/L(48 h) respectively. The toxicity of deltamethrin to 5 th instar nymph of O. similis was the highest, and the toxicity of imidacloprid was the lowest. Abamectin and matrine had similar toxicities, which were only higher than imidacloprid. The results of toxicity and the safety coefficient indicated that if matrine and abamectin were used in controlling M. persicae, which would be better in protecting O. similis. These would achieve the objective of coordination of chemical control and biological control.
引文
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[18]吴红波,张帆,王素琴,等.几种常用杀虫剂对异色瓢虫的敏感性测定[J].中国生物防治学报,2007,23(3):213-217.WU H B,ZHANG F,WANG S Q,et al.Susceptibility of Harmonia axyridis(pallas)to several insecticides[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2007,23(3):213-217.
[19]王圆圆,刘廷辉,李静,等.5种杀虫剂对甘蓝蚜和瓢虫的选择性毒力及田间防效[J].农药,2012,51(11):829-831,857.WANG Y Y,LIU T H,LI J,et al.Selective toxicity tests and field trials of 5 kinds of insecticide to Brevicoryne brassicae and Ladybeetles[J].Agrochemicals,2012,51(11):829-831,857.
[20]李北兴,李华,张大侠,等.季按盐和有机硅助剂对啶虫脒杀虫活性及水生生物毒性的影响[J].农药学学报,2017,19(1):93-99.LI B X,LI H,ZHANG D X,et al.Influence of quaternary ammonium and organic silicon adjuvant on insecticidal activity of acetamiprid and environmental toxicity against aquatic organisms[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2017,19(1):93-99.
[21]NAUEN R,EBBINGHAUS-KINTSCHER U,SALGADO V L,et al.Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid precursor converted to clothianidin in insects and plants[J].Pesticide Biochemistry&Physiology,2003,76(2):55-69.
[22]WIESNER P,KAYSER H.Characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from the insects Aphis craccivora,Myzus persicae,and Locusta migratoria by radioligand binding assays:relation to thiamethoxam action[J].Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology,2000,14(4):221-230.
[23]范银君,史雪岩,高希武.新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的代谢研究进展[J].农药学学报,2012,14(6):587-596.FAN Y J,SHI X Y,Gao X W.Research progresses on the metabolism of neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2012,14(6):587-596.
[24]郭婷,张宇昊,马良.农药溴氰菊酯分子印迹聚合物的制备及性能研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(8):35-41.GUO T,ZHANG Y H,MA L.Synthesis and adsorption property of a deltamethrirr Imprinted polymer[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2013,35(8):35-41.
[25]许迪,潘竟林,刘万强,等.多杀菌素、阿维菌素乳油和高效氯氰菊酯3种农药对环境生物的安全性评价[J].生态毒理学报,2013,8(6):897-902.XU D,PAN J L,LIU W Q,et al.Safety evaluation of spinosad SC,abamectin EC and beta-ypermethrin EW pesticides to environmental organisms[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2013,8(6):897-902.
[26]李玲玉,刘艳,颜冬云,等.拟除虫菊酯类农药的降解与代谢研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(4):65-71.LI L Y,LIU Y,YAN D Y,et al.Research progress on degradation and metabolism of pyrethroid Insecticides[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(4):65-71.
[27]林文彩,章金明,吕要斌,等.常用农药对南方小花蝽的安全性研究[C]//中国植物保护学会.植物保护科技创新与发展——中国植物保护学会2008年学术年会论文集,重庆:中国农业科学技术出版社,2008:847-849.LIN W C,ZHANG J M,LV Y B,et al.The safety study of common pesticide to Orius similis[C]//China Society of Plant Protection.Scientific and technological innovation and development of plant protection-Chinese Society of Plant Protection in 2008 academic essays.Chongqing:Chinese agricultural science and Technology Press,2008:847-849.
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[2]KULASH W M.The Green Peach Aphid as a Pest of Tobacco[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1949,42(4):677-680.
[3]袁锋,冯纪年,李茂辉.烟蚜为害的经济损失研究[J].昆虫学报,1994,37(4):440-445.YUAN F,FENG J N,LI M H.A study on effects of Myzus persicae(Sulzer)damage upon economic losses of fluecured tobacco[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,1994,37(4):440-445.
[4]宋春满,邓建华.云南烟蚜抗药性机制研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2012,34(3):310-314.SONG C M,DENG J H.The resistant mechanism of Myzus persicae to pesticide in Yunnan province[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2012,34(3):310-314.
[5]刘童童,韦兴启,周在军,等.贵州省烟蚜抗药性监测[J].环境昆虫学报,2014,36(2):205-212.LIU T T,WEI X Q,ZHOU Z J,et al.Resistance of Myzus persicae(Sulzer)to insecticides in Guizhou province[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2014,36(2):205-212.
[6]郑乐怡.小花蝽属二新种(半翅目:花蝽科)[J].昆虫学报,1982,25(2):191-194.ZHENG L Y.Two new species of Orius wolff form China(Hemiptear:anthocoridae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,1982,25(2):191-194.
[7]周兴苗.南方小花蝽大量繁殖关键技术及其田间释放生态学基础研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.ZHOU X M.Key technology of mass rearing of Orius Similis and its ecological basement of field release[D].Wanhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2008.
[8]王香萍,雷朝亮,姜勇,等.南方小花蝽对烟蚜捕食功能反应的研究[J].昆虫天敌,1999,21(3):117-120.WANG X P,LEI C L,JIANG Y,et al.Studies on the functional response of a predator Orius similis to its prey[J].Natural Enemies of Insects,1999,21(3):117-120.
[9]莫利锋,郅军锐,张骏.苦参碱及吡虫啉对南方小花蝽的影响[J].植物保护学报,2013,40(2):160-164.MO L F,ZHI J R,ZHANG J.Effects of matrine and imidacloprid on Orius similis[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2013,40(2):160-164.
[10]韦新葵,雷朝亮,姜勇,等.阿维菌素对南方小花蝽的毒杀作用[J].昆虫天敌,2000,22(3):102-105.WEI X K,LEI C L,JIANG Y,et al.Toxicity of avermectin to Orius similis Zheng[J].Natural Enemies of Insects,2000,22(3):102-105.
[11]潘悦,曾凡海,张有伟,等.4种植物源杀虫剂对烟蚜的药效及其对异色瓢虫的毒力测定[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2013,28(3):302-305.PAN Y,ZENG F H,ZHANG Y W,et al.Control effect of four botanical pesticides against Myzus persicae and determination of their toxicity to Harmouia axyridis[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2013,28(3):302-305.
[12]潘悦,董石飞,毛春堂,等.几种化学农药对烟蚜的毒性及其对异色瓢虫的安全性评价[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2015,30(1):142-146.PAN Y,DONG S F,MAO C T,et al.Toxicity of several pesticides on Myzus persicae and safety evaluation to predator Harmouia axyridis[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2015,30(1):142-146.
[13]苏建东,王志刚,宗浩,等.烟蚜防治药剂筛选及其对异色瓢虫的安全性评价[J].中国烟草科学,2017,38(4):76-79.SU J D,WANG Z G,ZONG H,et al.Screening of insecticides for the control of Myzus persicae and safety evaluation to its predator Harmonia axyridis[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2017,38(4):76-79.
[14]王玺,贾京京,张一帆,等.8种水稻田常用杀虫剂对2种天敌蜘蛛的室内安全性评价[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(3):53-58.WANG X,JIA J J,ZHANG Y F,et al.Laboratory safety evaluation of eight insecticides to two predating natural enemies,Hylyphautes graminicola and Coleosoma octomaculatum[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2013,36(3):53-58.
[15]HOROWITZ A R,MENDELSON Z,WEINTRAUB P G,et al.Comparative toxicity of foliar and systemic applications of acetamiprid and imidacloprid against the cotton whitefly,Bemisia tabaci(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)[J].Bulletin of Entomological Research,1998,88(4):437-442.
[16]周育,庾琴,侯慧锋,等.新型烟碱类杀虫剂啶虫脒研究进展[J].植物保护,2006,32(3):16-20.ZHOU Y,Yu Q,HOU H F,et al.Progress in chloronicotinyl insecticide acetamiprid[J].Plant Protection,2006,32(3):16-20.
[17]陈琼,黄水金,秦文婧,等.小菜蛾对唑虫酰胺的抗性监测、抗性生化机制及交互抗性[J].植物保护学报,2017,44(3):515-522.CHEN Q,HUANG S J,QIN W J,et al.Cross-resistance,biochemical resistance mechanisms and susceptibility to tolfenpyrad in the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2017,44(3):515-522.
[18]吴红波,张帆,王素琴,等.几种常用杀虫剂对异色瓢虫的敏感性测定[J].中国生物防治学报,2007,23(3):213-217.WU H B,ZHANG F,WANG S Q,et al.Susceptibility of Harmonia axyridis(pallas)to several insecticides[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2007,23(3):213-217.
[19]王圆圆,刘廷辉,李静,等.5种杀虫剂对甘蓝蚜和瓢虫的选择性毒力及田间防效[J].农药,2012,51(11):829-831,857.WANG Y Y,LIU T H,LI J,et al.Selective toxicity tests and field trials of 5 kinds of insecticide to Brevicoryne brassicae and Ladybeetles[J].Agrochemicals,2012,51(11):829-831,857.
[20]李北兴,李华,张大侠,等.季按盐和有机硅助剂对啶虫脒杀虫活性及水生生物毒性的影响[J].农药学学报,2017,19(1):93-99.LI B X,LI H,ZHANG D X,et al.Influence of quaternary ammonium and organic silicon adjuvant on insecticidal activity of acetamiprid and environmental toxicity against aquatic organisms[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2017,19(1):93-99.
[21]NAUEN R,EBBINGHAUS-KINTSCHER U,SALGADO V L,et al.Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid precursor converted to clothianidin in insects and plants[J].Pesticide Biochemistry&Physiology,2003,76(2):55-69.
[22]WIESNER P,KAYSER H.Characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from the insects Aphis craccivora,Myzus persicae,and Locusta migratoria by radioligand binding assays:relation to thiamethoxam action[J].Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology,2000,14(4):221-230.
[23]范银君,史雪岩,高希武.新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的代谢研究进展[J].农药学学报,2012,14(6):587-596.FAN Y J,SHI X Y,Gao X W.Research progresses on the metabolism of neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2012,14(6):587-596.
[24]郭婷,张宇昊,马良.农药溴氰菊酯分子印迹聚合物的制备及性能研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(8):35-41.GUO T,ZHANG Y H,MA L.Synthesis and adsorption property of a deltamethrirr Imprinted polymer[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2013,35(8):35-41.
[25]许迪,潘竟林,刘万强,等.多杀菌素、阿维菌素乳油和高效氯氰菊酯3种农药对环境生物的安全性评价[J].生态毒理学报,2013,8(6):897-902.XU D,PAN J L,LIU W Q,et al.Safety evaluation of spinosad SC,abamectin EC and beta-ypermethrin EW pesticides to environmental organisms[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2013,8(6):897-902.
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