3种常用杀虫剂对不同植物上南方小花蝽的毒力测定
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摘要
为了探明杀虫剂对蓟马类害虫主要天敌昆虫南方小花蝽的影响,选取吡虫啉、高效氟氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素3种常用于防治蓟马的杀虫剂,采用触杀方法对昆明地区3种植物上的南方小花蝽成虫和若虫进行毒力测定。结果表明,南方小花蝽成虫和若虫均对高效氟氯氰菊酯的敏感度最高,不同植物上成虫的24 h LC_(50)值为木香0.577 mg/L、辣椒0.695 mg/L、锦绣杜鹃0.610 mg/L,若虫的24 h LC_(50)值为木香1.855 mg/L、辣椒3.385 mg/L、锦绣杜鹃2.089 mg/L;对吡虫啉的敏感度最低,不同植物上成虫的24 h LC_(50)值为木香8.024 mg/L、辣椒20.183 mg/L、锦绣杜鹃8.900 mg/L,若虫的24 h LC_(50)值为木香10.297 mg/L、辣椒22.607 mg/L、锦绣杜鹃10.338 mg/L。南方小花蝽若虫对杀虫剂的敏感度低于成虫,且取食不同植物上蓟马种群的南方小花蝽对同一种杀虫剂表现出不同的敏感性。南方小花蝽对烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉的敏感性较低,应是蓟马类害虫防治中优先选择的杀虫剂,建议在田间使用杀虫剂防治蓟马时尽量避开南方小花蝽种群成虫发生高峰期,以达到保护天敌的目的。
In order to explore the effect of pesticides on the main natural enemy Orius similis of thrips pests under the background of wide use and abuse of pesticides,three different kinds of commonly used pesticides including imidacloprid,beta-cypermethrin and avermectin were selected for the virulence determination to adults and nymphs of O.similis on three different kinds of commonly planted host plants in Kunming.The results showed that both adults and nymphs of O.similis were most sensitive to beta-cypermethrin,the 24 h LC_(50) values of adults were 0.577 mg/L on Rosa banksiae,0.695 mg/L on Capsicum annuum,and 0.610 mg/L on Rhododendron pulchrum,and the 24 h LC_(50) values of nymphs were 1.855 mg/L on R.banksiae,3.385 mg/L on C.annuum,and 2.089 mg/L on R.pulchrum.However,O.similis showed the lowest sensitivity to imidacloprid during these three pesticides,the 24 h LC_(50) values of adults were 8.024 mg/L on R.banksiae,20.183 mg/L on C.annuum,and 8.900 mg/L on R.pulchrum,and the 24 h LC_(50) values of nymphs were 10.297 mg/L on R.banksiae,22.607 mg/L on C.annuum,and 10.338 mg/L on R.pulchrum.The sensitivity of O.similis nymphs to pesticides was lower than that of adults,and O.similis feeding on thrips population from different host plants had the different sensitivity to the same pesticide.O.similis is less sensitive to imidacloprid of nicotine insecticide,which should be the preferred insecticide for the control of thrips.In order to protect natural enemies,it is recommended to avoid the peak of O.similis adults when pesticides are used to control thrips in the field.
In order to explore the effect of pesticides on the main natural enemy Orius similis of thrips pests under the background of wide use and abuse of pesticides,three different kinds of commonly used pesticides including imidacloprid,beta-cypermethrin and avermectin were selected for the virulence determination to adults and nymphs of O.similis on three different kinds of commonly planted host plants in Kunming.The results showed that both adults and nymphs of O.similis were most sensitive to beta-cypermethrin,the 24 h LC_(50) values of adults were 0.577 mg/L on Rosa banksiae,0.695 mg/L on Capsicum annuum,and 0.610 mg/L on Rhododendron pulchrum,and the 24 h LC_(50) values of nymphs were 1.855 mg/L on R.banksiae,3.385 mg/L on C.annuum,and 2.089 mg/L on R.pulchrum.However,O.similis showed the lowest sensitivity to imidacloprid during these three pesticides,the 24 h LC_(50) values of adults were 8.024 mg/L on R.banksiae,20.183 mg/L on C.annuum,and 8.900 mg/L on R.pulchrum,and the 24 h LC_(50) values of nymphs were 10.297 mg/L on R.banksiae,22.607 mg/L on C.annuum,and 10.338 mg/L on R.pulchrum.The sensitivity of O.similis nymphs to pesticides was lower than that of adults,and O.similis feeding on thrips population from different host plants had the different sensitivity to the same pesticide.O.similis is less sensitive to imidacloprid of nicotine insecticide,which should be the preferred insecticide for the control of thrips.In order to protect natural enemies,it is recommended to avoid the peak of O.similis adults when pesticides are used to control thrips in the field.
引文
[1] 张维球.常见花蝽的种类及其生物学简记(半翅目;花蝽科)[J].昆虫天敌,1980(2):20-27.
[2] 郑珊珊,郅军锐,张昌容,等.南方小花蝽的发育与繁殖研究[J].河南农业科学,2009(12):88-91.
[3] 魏潮生,彭中健,杨广球,等.南方小花蝽的初步研究[J].昆虫天敌,1984,6(1):32-40.
[4] 黄建华,陈洪凡,王丽思,等.应用捕食螨防治蓟马研究进展[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32(1):119-124.
[5] GERMAN T L,ULLMAN D E,MOYER J W.Tospoviruses:Diagnosis,molecular biology,phylogeny and vector relationships[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,1992,30:315-348.
[6] 郑长英,刘云虹,张乃芹,等.山东省发现外来入侵有害生物:西花蓟马[J].青岛农业大学学报,2007,24(3):172-174.
[7] 温娟,郅军锐,曾广.西花蓟马取食二斑叶螨危害的番茄植株后体内酶活性的变化[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(9):79-82,87.
[8] 郅军锐,郑珊珊,张昌容,等.南方小花蝽对西花蓟马和蚕豆蚜的捕食作用[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(3):573-578.
[9] 张安盛,于毅,李丽莉,等.东亚小花蝽成虫对西花蓟马若虫的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(8):1233-1237.
[10] 孙猛,郅军锐,莫利锋.南方小花蝽对切花月季西花蓟马的控制作用[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(9):95-98.
[11] COLL M,RIDGWAY R L.Functional and numerical responses of Orius insidiosus(Heteroptera:Anthocoridae) to its prey in different vegetable crops[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1995,88(6):732-738.
[12] VAN LENTEREN J C,ROSKAM M M,TIMMER R.Commercial mass production and pricing of organisms for biological control of pests in Europe[J].Biological Control,1997,10(2):143-149.
[13] 蒋兴川,李志华,蒋智林,等.云南不同生态区辣椒花期蓟马种类及多样性指数比较[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(4):451-457.
[14] XU X N,ENKEGAARD A.Prey preference of Orius sauteri between western flower thrips and spider mites[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2009,132(1):93-98.
[15] 蒋月丽,武予清,段云,等.释放东亚小花蝽对大棚辣椒上几种害虫的防治效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2011,27(3):414-417.
[16] 张晓明,柳青,李宜儒,等.六种常见杀虫剂对西花蓟马和花蓟马的毒力测定[J].环境昆虫学报,2018,40(1):215-233.
[17] 徐学农,王恩东.基于生物防治的西花蓟马治理及思考[J].环境昆虫学报,2010,32(1):96-105.
[18] 张晓明,胡昌雄,赵浩旭,等.吡虫啉胁迫对西花蓟马生长发育及种群性比的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2017,39(4):870-878.
[19] SCHUSTER D J,MUSGRAVE C A,JONES J P.Vegetable leafminer and parasite emergence from tomato foliage sprayed with Oxamyl[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1979,72(2):208-210.
[20] 胡昌雄,李宜儒,李正跃,等.吡虫啉对西花蓟马和花蓟马种间竞争及后代发育的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(2):453-461.
[21] 王广成,张忠明,高立明,等.阿维菌素的作用机理及其应用现状[J].植物医生,2006,19(1):4-5.
[22] 邱良妙,刘其全,卢学松,等.福建省水稻稻纵卷叶螟田间种群对6种杀虫剂的敏感性测定[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(1):62-67.
[23] 王圣印,刘永杰,周仙红,等.新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉的研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2012,24(3):76-79.
[24] 刘爱芝,韩松,郭小奇,等.3代新烟碱类杀虫剂对小麦蚜虫的防治效果比较[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(9):83-87.
[25] 史梦竹,李建宇,傅建炜,等.8%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂对环境生物的安全性评价[J].生物安全学报,2014,23(1):51-55.
[26] 曾广,郅军锐,张昌容,等.七种杀虫剂对烟蚜和南方小花蝽的毒力测定[J].中国烟草科学,2018,39(3):59-65.
[27] 邵凡旭,杨栋,李红玉,等.六种药剂对棕榈蓟马的室内毒力及天敌敏感性测定[J].北方园艺,2015(17):107-109.
[28] 冯国蕾,赵章武,李梅,等.不同寄主植物与棉蚜酯酶活性的关系[J].昆虫学报,2001,44(3):304-310.
[29] 姚洪渭,叶恭银,程家安.寄主植物影响害虫药剂敏感性的研究进展[J].昆虫学报,2002,45(2):253-264.
[30] 朱福兴,王金信,刘峰,等.瓢虫对杀虫剂的敏感性研究[J].昆虫学报,1998,41(4):359-365.
[31] VASS E.Comparative study of immune competence and host susceptibility in Drosophila melanogaster parasitized by Leptopilina boulardi and Asobara tabida[J].Parasitology,1993,79(1):106-112.
[32] JALALI S K,SINGH S P,VENKATESAN T,et al.Development of endosulfan tolerant strain of an egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera;Trichogrammatidae)[J].Indian Journal of Experimental Biology,2006,44(7):584-590.
[33] 唐良德,邱宝利,任顺祥.天敌昆虫抗药性研究进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(1):13-25.
[34] 张晓明,姚茹瑜,张宏瑞,等.不同花色菊花品种上西花蓟马种群密度及雌雄性比[J].植物保护学报,2017,44(5):737-745.
[35] 郑少雄,章正楼,朱瑞良.化学农药对稻田蜘蛛的影响[J].昆虫天敌,1985,7(2):100-103.
[36] 姜勇,张钟宁,牛长缨,等.阿维菌素对南方小花蝽抑制烟蚜的影响[J].昆虫学报,2002,45(2):215-220.
[2] 郑珊珊,郅军锐,张昌容,等.南方小花蝽的发育与繁殖研究[J].河南农业科学,2009(12):88-91.
[3] 魏潮生,彭中健,杨广球,等.南方小花蝽的初步研究[J].昆虫天敌,1984,6(1):32-40.
[4] 黄建华,陈洪凡,王丽思,等.应用捕食螨防治蓟马研究进展[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32(1):119-124.
[5] GERMAN T L,ULLMAN D E,MOYER J W.Tospoviruses:Diagnosis,molecular biology,phylogeny and vector relationships[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,1992,30:315-348.
[6] 郑长英,刘云虹,张乃芹,等.山东省发现外来入侵有害生物:西花蓟马[J].青岛农业大学学报,2007,24(3):172-174.
[7] 温娟,郅军锐,曾广.西花蓟马取食二斑叶螨危害的番茄植株后体内酶活性的变化[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(9):79-82,87.
[8] 郅军锐,郑珊珊,张昌容,等.南方小花蝽对西花蓟马和蚕豆蚜的捕食作用[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(3):573-578.
[9] 张安盛,于毅,李丽莉,等.东亚小花蝽成虫对西花蓟马若虫的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(8):1233-1237.
[10] 孙猛,郅军锐,莫利锋.南方小花蝽对切花月季西花蓟马的控制作用[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(9):95-98.
[11] COLL M,RIDGWAY R L.Functional and numerical responses of Orius insidiosus(Heteroptera:Anthocoridae) to its prey in different vegetable crops[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1995,88(6):732-738.
[12] VAN LENTEREN J C,ROSKAM M M,TIMMER R.Commercial mass production and pricing of organisms for biological control of pests in Europe[J].Biological Control,1997,10(2):143-149.
[13] 蒋兴川,李志华,蒋智林,等.云南不同生态区辣椒花期蓟马种类及多样性指数比较[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(4):451-457.
[14] XU X N,ENKEGAARD A.Prey preference of Orius sauteri between western flower thrips and spider mites[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2009,132(1):93-98.
[15] 蒋月丽,武予清,段云,等.释放东亚小花蝽对大棚辣椒上几种害虫的防治效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2011,27(3):414-417.
[16] 张晓明,柳青,李宜儒,等.六种常见杀虫剂对西花蓟马和花蓟马的毒力测定[J].环境昆虫学报,2018,40(1):215-233.
[17] 徐学农,王恩东.基于生物防治的西花蓟马治理及思考[J].环境昆虫学报,2010,32(1):96-105.
[18] 张晓明,胡昌雄,赵浩旭,等.吡虫啉胁迫对西花蓟马生长发育及种群性比的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2017,39(4):870-878.
[19] SCHUSTER D J,MUSGRAVE C A,JONES J P.Vegetable leafminer and parasite emergence from tomato foliage sprayed with Oxamyl[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1979,72(2):208-210.
[20] 胡昌雄,李宜儒,李正跃,等.吡虫啉对西花蓟马和花蓟马种间竞争及后代发育的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(2):453-461.
[21] 王广成,张忠明,高立明,等.阿维菌素的作用机理及其应用现状[J].植物医生,2006,19(1):4-5.
[22] 邱良妙,刘其全,卢学松,等.福建省水稻稻纵卷叶螟田间种群对6种杀虫剂的敏感性测定[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(1):62-67.
[23] 王圣印,刘永杰,周仙红,等.新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉的研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2012,24(3):76-79.
[24] 刘爱芝,韩松,郭小奇,等.3代新烟碱类杀虫剂对小麦蚜虫的防治效果比较[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(9):83-87.
[25] 史梦竹,李建宇,傅建炜,等.8%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂对环境生物的安全性评价[J].生物安全学报,2014,23(1):51-55.
[26] 曾广,郅军锐,张昌容,等.七种杀虫剂对烟蚜和南方小花蝽的毒力测定[J].中国烟草科学,2018,39(3):59-65.
[27] 邵凡旭,杨栋,李红玉,等.六种药剂对棕榈蓟马的室内毒力及天敌敏感性测定[J].北方园艺,2015(17):107-109.
[28] 冯国蕾,赵章武,李梅,等.不同寄主植物与棉蚜酯酶活性的关系[J].昆虫学报,2001,44(3):304-310.
[29] 姚洪渭,叶恭银,程家安.寄主植物影响害虫药剂敏感性的研究进展[J].昆虫学报,2002,45(2):253-264.
[30] 朱福兴,王金信,刘峰,等.瓢虫对杀虫剂的敏感性研究[J].昆虫学报,1998,41(4):359-365.
[31] VASS E.Comparative study of immune competence and host susceptibility in Drosophila melanogaster parasitized by Leptopilina boulardi and Asobara tabida[J].Parasitology,1993,79(1):106-112.
[32] JALALI S K,SINGH S P,VENKATESAN T,et al.Development of endosulfan tolerant strain of an egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera;Trichogrammatidae)[J].Indian Journal of Experimental Biology,2006,44(7):584-590.
[33] 唐良德,邱宝利,任顺祥.天敌昆虫抗药性研究进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(1):13-25.
[34] 张晓明,姚茹瑜,张宏瑞,等.不同花色菊花品种上西花蓟马种群密度及雌雄性比[J].植物保护学报,2017,44(5):737-745.
[35] 郑少雄,章正楼,朱瑞良.化学农药对稻田蜘蛛的影响[J].昆虫天敌,1985,7(2):100-103.
[36] 姜勇,张钟宁,牛长缨,等.阿维菌素对南方小花蝽抑制烟蚜的影响[J].昆虫学报,2002,45(2):215-220.