冲击荷载下岩石裂纹动态扩展全过程演化规律研究
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摘要
为研究岩石裂纹全过程扩展规律及扩展行为中的定区域止裂问题,提出修正侧开半孔板(improved single cleavage semi-circle specimen,ISCSC)构型构件。通过大直径分离式霍普金森压杆试验系统进行冲击试验,使用裂纹扩展计测试系统测定了裂纹扩展速度,同时引入拉伸断裂软化损伤破坏模型进行数值模拟,通过试验–数值法,深入分析动载荷下岩石裂纹全过程扩展演化行为及双空心孔对于裂纹扩展的影响。结果显示,ISCSC构型实现了裂纹扩展中的定区域止裂,可以精准预测止裂区域;预制双空心孔的构型分布对裂纹扩展行为影响巨大,裂纹扩展速度受到明显抑制;裂纹扩展至双孔中心连线区域时,裂纹尖端拉应力场与双孔形成的叠加应力场相互作用,导致主裂纹扩展速度急剧降低,甚至出现止裂现象;裂纹扩展至叠加场时,极易受到物质不均匀性影响,产生偏折或分叉;同时,数值计算的结果和试验吻合,验证ISCSC构型用于研究裂纹起裂、扩展及止裂全过程演化行为的有效性。
In order to study the mechanism of crack propagation in complete process and crack arrest behavior in set area between two holes,an ISCSC(improved single cleavage semi-circle specimen) configuration specimen was proposed. By using split Hopkinson pressure bar,the impact experiment was conducted with the crack propagation velocity detected by the crack propagation gauge. Meanwhile,the damage failure model combining principal stress failure criteria with crack softening failure criteria was introduced in the numerical simulation.With Experiment-Numerical method,the evolution law of rock crack dynamic propagation in complete process was investigated elaborately and the effect of two empty holes on crack propagation behavior was sophisticated demonstrated. The results show that the ISCSC configuration specimen could realize the crack arrested in set area and that the arrest zone can be predicted accurately. Two empty holes have huge influence on the behavior of crack propagation,restraining crack propagation velocity obviously. The interaction of the superimposed stress field between two empty holes and the tensile stress field of the crack tip could slow down the crack propagation speed sharply and even cause arrest when the running crack rushes into the set area between two holes. When the running crack goes across the set area between two holes,the crack propagation behavior could be influenced by inhomogeneity of material easier than before,which could cause crack deflecting and branching. It is also shown that numerical simulation outputs agree well with the results of experiment,confirming that ISCSC configuration specimen has great ability to be applied in researching the behavior of crack propagation in complete process.
In order to study the mechanism of crack propagation in complete process and crack arrest behavior in set area between two holes,an ISCSC(improved single cleavage semi-circle specimen) configuration specimen was proposed. By using split Hopkinson pressure bar,the impact experiment was conducted with the crack propagation velocity detected by the crack propagation gauge. Meanwhile,the damage failure model combining principal stress failure criteria with crack softening failure criteria was introduced in the numerical simulation.With Experiment-Numerical method,the evolution law of rock crack dynamic propagation in complete process was investigated elaborately and the effect of two empty holes on crack propagation behavior was sophisticated demonstrated. The results show that the ISCSC configuration specimen could realize the crack arrested in set area and that the arrest zone can be predicted accurately. Two empty holes have huge influence on the behavior of crack propagation,restraining crack propagation velocity obviously. The interaction of the superimposed stress field between two empty holes and the tensile stress field of the crack tip could slow down the crack propagation speed sharply and even cause arrest when the running crack rushes into the set area between two holes. When the running crack goes across the set area between two holes,the crack propagation behavior could be influenced by inhomogeneity of material easier than before,which could cause crack deflecting and branching. It is also shown that numerical simulation outputs agree well with the results of experiment,confirming that ISCSC configuration specimen has great ability to be applied in researching the behavior of crack propagation in complete process.
引文
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[15]RAVI-CHANDAR K,KNAUSS W G.An experimental investigation into dynamic fracture:I.Crack initiation and arrest[J].International Journal of Fracture,1984,25:247-262.
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[17]WANG X M,ZHU Z,WANG M,et al.Study of rock dynamic fracture toughness by using VB-SCSC specimens under medium-low speed impacts[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2017,181:52-64.
[18]AWAJI H,SATO S.Combined mode fracture toughness measurement by disk test[J].Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology Transactions of the ASME,1978,100(2):175-182.
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[20]杨井瑞,张财贵,周妍,等.用SCDC试样测试岩石动态断裂韧度的新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):279-292.(YANG Jingrui,ZHANG Caigui,ZHOU Yan,et al.A new method for determing dynamic fracture toughness of rock using SCDCspecimens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(2):279-292.(in Chinese))
[21]DONG Y Q,ZHU Z M,ZHOU L,et al.Study of mode I crack dynamic propagation behaviour and rock dynamic fracture toughness by using SCT specimens[J].Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures,2018,41:1 810-1 822.
[22]汪小梦,朱哲明,施泽彬,等.基于VB-SCSC岩石试样的动态断裂韧度测试方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(2):302-311.(WANG Xiaomeng,ZHU Zheming,SHI Zebing,et al.A method measuring dynamic fracture toughness of rock using VB-SCSCspecimens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(2):302-311.(in Chinese))
[23]王蒙,朱哲明,谢军.岩石I-II复合型裂纹动态扩展SHPB实验及数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(12):2 474-2 485.(WANG Meng,ZHU Zheming,XIE Jun.Experimental and numerical studies of the mixed-mode I and II crack propagation under dynamic loading using SPHB[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(12):2 474-2 485.(in Chinese))
[24]ZHU W C,NIU L L,LI S H,et al.Dynamic Brazilian test of rock under intermediate strain rate:Pendulum hammer-driven SHPB test and numerical simulation[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48:1 867-1 881.
[25]FUNATSU T,KURUPPU M,MATSUI K.Effects of temperature and confining pressure on mixed-mode(I-II)and mode II fracture toughness of Kimachi sandstone[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,67(2):1-8.
[26]SAKSALA T,HOKKA M,KUOKKALA VT.Numerical modeling and experimentation of dynamic Brazilian disc test on Kuru granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,59:128-138.
[27]ZHU Z M,MOHANTY B,XIE H P.Numerical investigation of blasting-induced crack initiation and propagation in rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2007,44(3):412-424.
[28]ZHU Z M,XIE H P,MOHANTY B.Numerical investigation of blasting-induced damage in cylindrical rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(2):111-121.
[29]ZHU Z M.Numerical prediction of crater blasting and bench blasting[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2009,46(9):1 088-1 096.
[30]ZHANG Q B,ZHAO J.A review of dynamic experimental techniques and mechanical behaviour of rock materials[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(4):1 411-1 478.
[31]王蒙,朱哲明,王雄.冲击荷载作用下的Ⅰ/Ⅰ复合型裂纹扩展规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(7):1 323-1 332.(WANG Meng,ZHU Zheming,WANG Xiong.The growth of mixedmode I/II crack under impacting loads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(7):1 323-1 332.(in Chinese))
[2]BAZANT Z P,CANER F C.Comminution of solids caused by kinetic energy of high shear strain rate,with implications for impact,shock and shale fracturing[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(48):19 291-19 294.
[3]LINK R E,JOYCE J A,ROE C.Crack arrest testing of high strength structural steels for naval applications[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2009,76(3):402-418.
[4]CROSLEY P B,RIPLING E J.Significance of crack arrest toughness(KIa)testing[J].Astm Special Technical Publication,1980,711:321-337.
[5]YANG R,DING C,YANG L,et al.Behavior and law of crack propagation in the dynamic-static superimposed stress field[J].Journal of Testing and Evaluation,2018,46(6):20170271.
[6]张盛,鲁义强,王启智.用P-CCNBD试样测定岩石动态扩展韧度和观察动态止裂现象[J].岩土力学,2017,38(11):3 095-3 105.(ZHANG Sheng,LU Yiqiang,WANG Qizhi.Measurement of dynamic fracture propagation toughness of rock and observation of dynamic arrest phenomenon using P-CCNBD specimens[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(11):3 095-3 105.(in Chinese))
[7]李炼,杨丽萍,曹富,等.冲击加载下的砂岩动态断裂全过程的试验和分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1 912-1 922.(LI Lian,YANG Liping,CAO Fu,et al.Complete dynamic fracture process of sandstone under impact loading:Experiment and analysis[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1 912-1 922.(in Chinese))
[8]AMANN F,?MERü,KAISER P K.Crack initiation and crack propagation in heterogeneous sulfate-rich clay rocks[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(5):1 849-1 865.
[9]YU J,ZHANG H C,DENG D,et al.Simulation and experiment for crack arrest in remanufacturing[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2016,87(5-8):1 547-1 556.
[10]ZHAO Y,GONG S,ZHANG C,et al.Fractal characteristics of crack propagation in coal under impact loading[J].Fractals-complex Geometry Patterns and Scaling in Nature and Society,2018,26(2):1840014.
[11]李清,杨仁树,李均雷,等.爆炸荷载作用下动态裂纹扩展试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 912-2 916.(LIQing,YANG Renshu,LI Junlei,et al.Experimental study on propagation of dynamic cracks under blasting loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 912-2 916.(in Chinese))
[12]岳中文,杨仁树,郭东明,等.爆炸应力波作用下缺陷介质裂纹扩展的动态分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(4):949-954.(YUEZhongwen,YANG Renshu,GUO Dongming,et al.Dynamic analysis of crack propagation in media containing flaws under the explosive stress wave[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(4):949-954.(in Chinese))
[13]GREGOIRE D,MAIGRE H,COMBESCURE A.New experimental and numerical techniques to study the arrest and the restart of a crack under impact in transparent materials[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,2009,46(18-19):3 480-3 491.
[14]朱婷,胡德安,王毅刚.PMMA材料裂纹动态扩展及止裂研究[J].应用力学学报,2017,34(2):230-237.(ZHU Ting,HU Dean,WANG Yigang.Study on dynamic crack propagation and arrest of PMMA materials[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2017,34(2):230-237.(in Chinese))
[15]RAVI-CHANDAR K,KNAUSS W G.An experimental investigation into dynamic fracture:I.Crack initiation and arrest[J].International Journal of Fracture,1984,25:247-262.
[16]WANG M,ZHU Z M,DONG Y Q,et al.Study of mixed-mode I/IIfractures using single cleavage semicircle compression specimens under impacting loads[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2017,177:33-44.
[17]WANG X M,ZHU Z,WANG M,et al.Study of rock dynamic fracture toughness by using VB-SCSC specimens under medium-low speed impacts[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2017,181:52-64.
[18]AWAJI H,SATO S.Combined mode fracture toughness measurement by disk test[J].Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology Transactions of the ASME,1978,100(2):175-182.
[19]CHONG K P,KURUPPU M D.New specimen for fracture toughness determination for rock and other materials[J].International Journal of Fracture,1984,26(2):59-62.
[20]杨井瑞,张财贵,周妍,等.用SCDC试样测试岩石动态断裂韧度的新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):279-292.(YANG Jingrui,ZHANG Caigui,ZHOU Yan,et al.A new method for determing dynamic fracture toughness of rock using SCDCspecimens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(2):279-292.(in Chinese))
[21]DONG Y Q,ZHU Z M,ZHOU L,et al.Study of mode I crack dynamic propagation behaviour and rock dynamic fracture toughness by using SCT specimens[J].Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures,2018,41:1 810-1 822.
[22]汪小梦,朱哲明,施泽彬,等.基于VB-SCSC岩石试样的动态断裂韧度测试方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(2):302-311.(WANG Xiaomeng,ZHU Zheming,SHI Zebing,et al.A method measuring dynamic fracture toughness of rock using VB-SCSCspecimens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(2):302-311.(in Chinese))
[23]王蒙,朱哲明,谢军.岩石I-II复合型裂纹动态扩展SHPB实验及数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(12):2 474-2 485.(WANG Meng,ZHU Zheming,XIE Jun.Experimental and numerical studies of the mixed-mode I and II crack propagation under dynamic loading using SPHB[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(12):2 474-2 485.(in Chinese))
[24]ZHU W C,NIU L L,LI S H,et al.Dynamic Brazilian test of rock under intermediate strain rate:Pendulum hammer-driven SHPB test and numerical simulation[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48:1 867-1 881.
[25]FUNATSU T,KURUPPU M,MATSUI K.Effects of temperature and confining pressure on mixed-mode(I-II)and mode II fracture toughness of Kimachi sandstone[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,67(2):1-8.
[26]SAKSALA T,HOKKA M,KUOKKALA VT.Numerical modeling and experimentation of dynamic Brazilian disc test on Kuru granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,59:128-138.
[27]ZHU Z M,MOHANTY B,XIE H P.Numerical investigation of blasting-induced crack initiation and propagation in rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2007,44(3):412-424.
[28]ZHU Z M,XIE H P,MOHANTY B.Numerical investigation of blasting-induced damage in cylindrical rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(2):111-121.
[29]ZHU Z M.Numerical prediction of crater blasting and bench blasting[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2009,46(9):1 088-1 096.
[30]ZHANG Q B,ZHAO J.A review of dynamic experimental techniques and mechanical behaviour of rock materials[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(4):1 411-1 478.
[31]王蒙,朱哲明,王雄.冲击荷载作用下的Ⅰ/Ⅰ复合型裂纹扩展规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(7):1 323-1 332.(WANG Meng,ZHU Zheming,WANG Xiong.The growth of mixedmode I/II crack under impacting loads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(7):1 323-1 332.(in Chinese))