地震作用下水平层状岩质边坡累积损伤与破坏模式研究
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摘要
研究边坡在反复地震作用下的累积损伤对于库区岩质边坡的长期稳定性分析具有重要意义。结合振动台试验与理论分析方法,对水平层状岩质边坡在反复地震作用下的累积损伤与破坏模式进行了深入研究。结果表明:采用混凝土疲劳裂纹扩展的双K准则可以很好地解释边坡的累积损伤曲线的变化趋势,完整的累积损伤演化曲线表现出初始损伤、细观裂纹扩展、宏观裂缝扩展3个阶段;分别采用三次多项式和幂指数建立了微小地震和强震作用下边坡岩体累积损伤演化模型并取得了良好的拟合效果,微小地震作用下边坡岩体累积损伤曲线表现出初期略微下降、中期线性增长、后期平缓增长的正"S"型的3段式特征,强震作用下边坡岩体累积损伤相比微震作用下有较为快速的增长,且在边坡破坏前增速加快。频发微震作用下,水平层状岩质边坡在坡体上部形成阶梯型破坏面并向坡面出露,在坡体下部形成平直的剪切破坏面,坡体最终的破坏面呈阶梯状。
It is of great practical significance to study the cumulative damage of slope under repeated seismic loads for long-term stability analysis of rock slope in reservoir area. In this paper, shaking table test and theoretical analysis were used to study the cumulative damage and failure mode of horizontal layered rock slope under repeated seismic loads. Results show that the fatigue crack propagation of concrete double K criterion explains the change tendency of the slope of the cumulative damage curve well. The complete cumulative damage evolution curve shows three stages, i.e., the initial damage stage, mesoscopic crack extension stage and macroscopic crack extension stage. The well fitted cubic polynomial and power exponent are adopted to establish the cumulative damage evolution model of slope rock mass under the action of micro-small earthquakes and strong earthquakes respectively. The cumulative damage curve of slope rock mass shows slight dip in the early stage, linear growth in the middle stage and moderate growth in the last stage under the action of micro-small earthquakes, which has the features of the positive "S" type. And the cumulative damage of slope rock mass under the action of strong earthquakes has a relatively rapid growth compared with that under the action of micro-small earthquakes, and the increase rate of which is accelerated before the slope failure. Under the action of frequent micro earthquake, stepped failure surfaces on the upper part of the horizontal layered rock slope are formed and exposed to the slope surface, while straight shear failure surface if formed on the lower part of the slope. The final failure surface of the slope is a stepped one.
It is of great practical significance to study the cumulative damage of slope under repeated seismic loads for long-term stability analysis of rock slope in reservoir area. In this paper, shaking table test and theoretical analysis were used to study the cumulative damage and failure mode of horizontal layered rock slope under repeated seismic loads. Results show that the fatigue crack propagation of concrete double K criterion explains the change tendency of the slope of the cumulative damage curve well. The complete cumulative damage evolution curve shows three stages, i.e., the initial damage stage, mesoscopic crack extension stage and macroscopic crack extension stage. The well fitted cubic polynomial and power exponent are adopted to establish the cumulative damage evolution model of slope rock mass under the action of micro-small earthquakes and strong earthquakes respectively. The cumulative damage curve of slope rock mass shows slight dip in the early stage, linear growth in the middle stage and moderate growth in the last stage under the action of micro-small earthquakes, which has the features of the positive "S" type. And the cumulative damage of slope rock mass under the action of strong earthquakes has a relatively rapid growth compared with that under the action of micro-small earthquakes, and the increase rate of which is accelerated before the slope failure. Under the action of frequent micro earthquake, stepped failure surfaces on the upper part of the horizontal layered rock slope are formed and exposed to the slope surface, while straight shear failure surface if formed on the lower part of the slope. The final failure surface of the slope is a stepped one.
引文
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[18]胡训健,卞康,李鹏程,等.水平厚层状岩质边坡地震动力破坏过程颗粒流模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(9):2156-2168.HU Xun-jian,BIAN Kang,LI Peng-cheng,et al.Simulation of dynamic failure process of horizontal thick-layered rock slopes using particle flow code[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(9):2156-2168.
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[21]侯红娟.水平层状斜坡地震动响应特性的振动台试验研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2013.HOU Hong-juan.The seismic dynamic response characteristics of the shaking table test on horizontally layered slope[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2013.
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[27]黄达海,宋玉普,赵国藩.具有宏观裂纹混凝土结构的起裂特性研究[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(4):63-66.HUANG Da-hai,SONG Yu-pu,ZHAO Guo-fan.Study on initial fracture properties of cracked concrete[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,33(4):63-66.
[28]李朝阳,宋玉普,车轶.混凝土的单轴抗压疲劳损伤累积性能研究[J].土木工程学报,2002,35(2):38-40.LI Chao-yang,SONG Yu-pu,CHE Yi.Study on cumulative damage behavior of concrete under uniaxial cyclic load[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2002,35(2):38-40.
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[2]王勇智,戚炜,门玉明,等.强震区岩体动力破坏机制研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(11):1841-1844.WANG Yong-zhi,QI Wei,MEN Yu-ming,et al.Experimental research of dynamic failure mechanism of rockmass in meizoseismal area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(11):1841-1844.
[3]董金玉,杨国香,伍法权,等.地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应和破坏模式大型振动台试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):2977-2982.DONG Jin-yu,YANG Guo-xiang,WU Fa-quan,et al.The large-scale shaking table test study of dynamic response and failure mode of bedding rock slope under earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):2977-2982.
[4]杨国香,伍法权,董金玉,等.地震作用下岩质边坡动力响应特性及变形破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):696-702.YANG Guo-xiang,WU Fa-quan,DONG Jin-yu,et al.Study of dynamic response characters and failure mechanism of rock slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):696-702.
[5]叶海林,郑颖人,杜修力,等.边坡动力破坏特征的振动台模型试验与数值分析[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(9):128-135.YE Hai-lin,ZHENG Ying-ren,DU Xiu-li,et al.Shaking table model test and numerical analysis on dynamic failure characteristics of slope[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(9):128-135.
[6]梁敬轩,胡卸文,叶正晖,等.大型堆积体边坡基-覆界面及坡面动态响应特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(8):2249-2260.LIANG Jing-xuan,HU Xie-wen YE Zheng-hui,et al.Dynamic response characteristics of slope surface and rock-soil boundary in deposit slope[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(8):2249-2260.
[7]卞康,刘建,胡训健,等.含顺层断续节理岩质边坡地震作用下的破坏模式与动力响应研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(8):3029-3037.BIAN Kang,LIU Jian,HU Xun-jian,et al.Study on failure mode and dynamic response of rock slope with non-persistent joint under earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(8):3029-3037.
[8]邵鹏,张勇,贺永年,等.应力波反复作用下断续节理岩体疲劳破坏试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4180-4184.SHAO Peng,ZHANG Yong,HE Yong-nian,et al.Experimental study on fatigue failure of intermittent jointed rock masses subjected to repeated stress wave[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4180-4184.
[9]王儒述.三峡水库与诱发地震[J].国际地震动态,2007,339(3):12-21.WANG Ru-shu.The Three Gorges reservoir and induced earthquake[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2007,339(3):12-21.
[10]江洎洧.频发微震作用下三峡库首段典型滑坡变形机制及动力响应研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2012.JIANG Ji-wei.Research on the deformation mechanism and dynamic response of typical landslides in Three Gorges reservoir in case of frequent microseisms[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2012.
[11]李兴旺.频发微震作用下顺层岩质边坡的稳定性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.LI Xing-wang.The analysis of the stability of bedding slope under the effect of frequent seismic[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.
[12]赵永,杨天鸿,张鹏海,等.基于微震参数的岩体损伤过程数值模拟分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2018,35(1):213-220.ZHAO Yong,YANG Tian-hong,ZHANG Peng-hai,et al.Numerical simulation of rock damage process based on microseismic parameters[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2018,35(1):213-220.
[13]杨忠平,刘树林,刘永权,等.反复微震作用下顺层及反倾岩质边坡的动力稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(7):1277-1286.YANG Zhong-ping,LIU Shu-lin,LIU Yong-quan,et al.Dynamic stability analysis of bedding and toppling rock slopes under repeated micro-seismic action[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(7):1277-1286.
[14]沈强,陈从新,汪稔.三峡库区水平层状岩质边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2005,26(增刊2):16-20.SHEN Qiang,CHEN Cong-xin,WANG Ren.Study on stability of horizontal bedded rocky slopes in Three Gorges reservoir area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(Suppl.2):16-20.
[15]李果.近水平层状岩质边坡稳定性评价[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.LI Guo.Flat rock strata slope stability evaluation[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2008.
[16]黄绍槟,吉随旺,朱学雷,等.西攀路昔格达地层滑坡分析[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(6):41-44.HUANG Shao-bin,JI Sui-wang,ZHU Xue-lei,et al.Analysis on Xiageda landslide in Xipan expressway[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation on Research and Development,2005,22(6):41-44.
[17]石广明.某近水平层状岩质滑坡的形成化理和演化机制[D].兰州:兰州大学,2015.SHI Guang-ming.The formation mechanism and evolution process of nearly horizontal bedded rock landslide[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2015.
[18]胡训健,卞康,李鹏程,等.水平厚层状岩质边坡地震动力破坏过程颗粒流模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(9):2156-2168.HU Xun-jian,BIAN Kang,LI Peng-cheng,et al.Simulation of dynamic failure process of horizontal thick-layered rock slopes using particle flow code[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(9):2156-2168.
[19]刘汉香.基于振动台试验的岩质斜坡地震动力响应规律研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2014.LIU Han-xiang.Seismic responses of rock slopes in a shaking table test[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014.
[20]杨兵,孙明祥,王润民,等.土体含水率对边坡动力破坏模式及动力响应影响的振动台试验研究[J/OL].岩土工程学报,http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1124.TU.20170526.0938.006.html.YANG Bing,SUN Ming-xiang,WANG Run-min,et al.Shaking table test on influence of water content of soil on dynamic failure mode and dynamic response of slope[J/OL].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,http://kns.cnki.net/detail/32.1124.TU.20170526.0938.006.html.
[21]侯红娟.水平层状斜坡地震动响应特性的振动台试验研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2013.HOU Hong-juan.The seismic dynamic response characteristics of the shaking table test on horizontally layered slope[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2013.
[22]水利水电科学研究院.岩石力学参数手册[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1991.Science China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Rese.Handbook of rock mechanics parameters[M].Beijing:Water Conservancy and Electric Power Press,1991.
[23]陈剑,李晓,杨志法.三峡库区滑坡的时空分布特征与成因探讨[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(3):305-309.CHEN Jian,LI Xiao,YANG Zhi-fa.On the distribution and mechanism of landslides in the Three Gorges reservoir area[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2005,13(3):305-309.
[24]朱传云,喻胜春.爆破引起岩体损伤的判别方法研究[J].工程爆破,2001,7(1):12-16.ZHU Chuan-yun,YU Sheng-chun.Study on the criterion of rock mass damage caused by blasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7(1):12-16.
[25]NAKATA N,SNIEDER R,KURODA S,et al.Monitoring a building using deconvolution interferometry.I:earthquake-data analysis[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2013,103(3):1662-1678.
[26]NAKATA N,SNIEDER R.Monitoring a building using deconvolution interferometry.II:ambient vibration analysis[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2014,104(1):204-213.
[27]黄达海,宋玉普,赵国藩.具有宏观裂纹混凝土结构的起裂特性研究[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(4):63-66.HUANG Da-hai,SONG Yu-pu,ZHAO Guo-fan.Study on initial fracture properties of cracked concrete[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,33(4):63-66.
[28]李朝阳,宋玉普,车轶.混凝土的单轴抗压疲劳损伤累积性能研究[J].土木工程学报,2002,35(2):38-40.LI Chao-yang,SONG Yu-pu,CHE Yi.Study on cumulative damage behavior of concrete under uniaxial cyclic load[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2002,35(2):38-40.
[29]闫长斌.爆破作用下岩体累积损伤效应及其稳定性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.YAN Chang-bin.Study on cumulative damage effects and stability of rock mass under blasting loading[D].Changsha:Central South University,2006.