新型暖云催化剂吸湿性能试验研究
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摘要
针对我国暖云催化剂的实际需求优选出一种硅铝酸盐化合物,并对这种暖云催化剂的吸湿能力、吸湿速度和放热能力进行对比性试验分析。结果表明,该暖云催化剂在吸湿能力和吸水速度上优于以往使用的水泥、食盐、硅藻土、尿素等材料,平均吸水量达到217. 2 mg·g~(-1),吸湿速度比其他催化剂高出1～2个数量级,吸湿性能优于以往催化剂,并且具有较好的放热能力,有望成为性能良好的暖云催化剂。该暖云催化剂成分接近土壤成分,不含重金属和有机物,对环境没有任何危害。
A new warm cloud catalyst comprising compounds with aluminosilicate optimized was developed according to the actual demand of warm cloud catalyst and its water absorption capacity,water absorption velocity and exothermic capacity were tested. The results show that the warm cloud catalyst was superior to cement,salt,diatomaceous earth and urea,etc in water absorption capacity and water absorption velocity,its average water absorption content reached 217. 2 mg·g~(-1) and its water absorption velocity was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than other catalysts. Its water absorption capacity was better than that of previous catalysts and its exothermic ability was better. And above all properties make it possible to be a better warm cloud seeding catalyst. The composition of the warm cloud catalyst was close to that of the soil and it does not contain heavy metals or organic compounds,so it was not harmful to the environment.
A new warm cloud catalyst comprising compounds with aluminosilicate optimized was developed according to the actual demand of warm cloud catalyst and its water absorption capacity,water absorption velocity and exothermic capacity were tested. The results show that the warm cloud catalyst was superior to cement,salt,diatomaceous earth and urea,etc in water absorption capacity and water absorption velocity,its average water absorption content reached 217. 2 mg·g~(-1) and its water absorption velocity was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than other catalysts. Its water absorption capacity was better than that of previous catalysts and its exothermic ability was better. And above all properties make it possible to be a better warm cloud seeding catalyst. The composition of the warm cloud catalyst was close to that of the soil and it does not contain heavy metals or organic compounds,so it was not harmful to the environment.
引文
[1]周跃武,俞亚勋.译.人工影响天气———未来的景象[J].干旱气象,2004,22(3):83-89.
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[6]MARCOLLI C,NAGARE B,WELTI A. Ice nucleation efficiency ofAg I:review and new insights[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Phys-ics,2016,16(14):8915-8937.
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[16]KUNKEL B A,SILVERMAN B A. A comparison of the warm fogclearing capabilities of some hygroscopic materials[J]. Journal ofApplied Meteorology,1970,9(4):634-638.
[17]王伟民,卢伟,黄培强.几种消暖云(雾)催化剂性能的实验研究[J].气象科学,2000,20(4):478-485.
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[20]杨绍忠,陈跃.一种纳米纯Ag I气溶胶的制备方法及其成冰核活性的检测[J].气象,2018,44(3):442-448.
[21]张景红,王艳萍,管丽丽,等.人工影响天气新型催化剂制备方法研究[J].气象灾害防御,2015,22(4):18-20.
[22]党娟,苏正军,房文,等.几种粉末型吸湿性催化剂的试验研究[J].气象科技,2017,45(2):398-404.
[23]何媛,黄彦彬,李春鸾,等.海南省暖云烟炉设置及人工增雨作业条件分析[J].气象科技,2016,44(6):1043-1052.
[24]房文,郑国光.巨核对暖云降水影响的模拟研究[J].大气科学,2011,35(5):938-944.
[25]苏正军,郑国光,酆大雄.吸湿性物质催化云雨的研究进展[J].高原气象,2009,28(1):227-232.
[26]KRESGE C T,LEONOWICZ M E,ROTH W J,et al. Orderedmesoporous molecular-sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystaltemplate mechanism[J]. Nature,1992,359:710-712.
[27]ZHAO D Y,FENG J L,HUO Q S,et al. Triblock copolymer syn-theses of mesoporous silica with periodic 50 to 300 angstrom pores[J]. Science,1998,279(5350):548-552.
[28]CONMA A. From microporous to mesoporous molecular sieve mate-rials and their use in catalysis[J]. Chem Rev,1997,97(6):2373-2420.
[29]陈添宇,李照荣,李荣庆.甘肃省人工增雨(雪)工作发展的思考[J].干旱气象,2003,21(4):89-92.
[2]张良,王式功,尚可政,等.中国人工增雨研究进展[J].干旱气象,2006,24(4):73-81.
[3]郑国光,陈跃,王鹏飞,等.人工影响天气研究问题[M].北京:气象出版社,2005:20-21.
[4]苏正军,张纪淮,关立友,等.成冰核率检测方法和标准的分析与讨论[C]//中国气象学会2004年年会论文集.北京:气象出版社,2004:6-11.
[5]金华,何晖,张蔷.一次对流性降水过程中人工催化部位的选择[J].干旱气象,2008,26(1):52-56.
[6]MARCOLLI C,NAGARE B,WELTI A. Ice nucleation efficiency ofAg I:review and new insights[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Phys-ics,2016,16(14):8915-8937.
[7]BELOSI F,PIAZZA M,NICOSIA A,et al. Influence of supersatu-ration on the concentration of ice nucleating particles[J]. Tellus B:Chemical and Physical Meteorology,2018,70(1):1-10.
[8]周秀骥.暖云降水微物理机制的统计理论[J].气象学报,1963,33(1):97-107.
[9]周秀骥.暖云降水微物理机制的研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1964.
[10]周秀骥,陶善昌,姚克亚.高等大气物理学[M].北京:气象出版社,1991:382-388.
[11]黄美元,何珍珍,沈之来.暖性层积云中大云滴分布特征[J].气象学报,1983,41(3):358-364.
[12]顾震潮,陈炎涓,徐乃璋,等.南岳云雾降水物理观测(1960年3-8月)结果的初步分析[M]//我国云雾降水微物理特征问题.北京:科学出版社,1962:2-21.
[13]顾震潮,王尧奇,温景嵩,等.对流性暖云人工降水作业中撒药部位与撒药颗粒对撒布效率影响的初步理论研究[M]//开拓奉献科技楷模———纪念著名大气科学家顾震潮.北京:气象出版社,2006:264-288.
[14]卢炯,袁冬梅.人工影响暖云过程吸湿性催化研究[J].气象与环境科学,2008,31(1):80-84.
[15]BOWEN E G. A new method of stimulating convective clouds toproduce rain and hail[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteoro-logical Society,1952,78(335):37-45.
[16]KUNKEL B A,SILVERMAN B A. A comparison of the warm fogclearing capabilities of some hygroscopic materials[J]. Journal ofApplied Meteorology,1970,9(4):634-638.
[17]王伟民,卢伟,黄培强.几种消暖云(雾)催化剂性能的实验研究[J].气象科学,2000,20(4):478-485.
[18]李炎辉,黄涛,张霞.几种新的暖云催化剂的室内实验简况[J].气象,1982,8(11):35-37.
[19]高建秋,王广和,关立友,等.新型消暖雾催化剂与传统吸湿性催化剂消雾性能的室内对比试验[J].干旱气象,2008,26(2):67-73.
[20]杨绍忠,陈跃.一种纳米纯Ag I气溶胶的制备方法及其成冰核活性的检测[J].气象,2018,44(3):442-448.
[21]张景红,王艳萍,管丽丽,等.人工影响天气新型催化剂制备方法研究[J].气象灾害防御,2015,22(4):18-20.
[22]党娟,苏正军,房文,等.几种粉末型吸湿性催化剂的试验研究[J].气象科技,2017,45(2):398-404.
[23]何媛,黄彦彬,李春鸾,等.海南省暖云烟炉设置及人工增雨作业条件分析[J].气象科技,2016,44(6):1043-1052.
[24]房文,郑国光.巨核对暖云降水影响的模拟研究[J].大气科学,2011,35(5):938-944.
[25]苏正军,郑国光,酆大雄.吸湿性物质催化云雨的研究进展[J].高原气象,2009,28(1):227-232.
[26]KRESGE C T,LEONOWICZ M E,ROTH W J,et al. Orderedmesoporous molecular-sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystaltemplate mechanism[J]. Nature,1992,359:710-712.
[27]ZHAO D Y,FENG J L,HUO Q S,et al. Triblock copolymer syn-theses of mesoporous silica with periodic 50 to 300 angstrom pores[J]. Science,1998,279(5350):548-552.
[28]CONMA A. From microporous to mesoporous molecular sieve mate-rials and their use in catalysis[J]. Chem Rev,1997,97(6):2373-2420.
[29]陈添宇,李照荣,李荣庆.甘肃省人工增雨(雪)工作发展的思考[J].干旱气象,2003,21(4):89-92.