机械不平衡及轴瓦间隙对水轮机运行稳定性的影响分析
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摘要
机械不平衡及间隙过大等问题是水力机械不平衡的主要原因,通过对45 MW轴流转桨式水轮机进行稳定性试验,包括空载、变转速以及变负荷试验,并对监测到的振动和摆度数据进行频谱分析以及主轴轴心轨迹分析,发现机组同时存在转子质量不平衡问题及间隙过大问题。为降低机组振动及摆度幅值,通过键相位法快速确定机组的质量不平衡点,并进行配重;又根据轴心轨迹特性逐步调整上导及水导间隙。通过三次配重试验,最终确定配重质量为36 kg,结合轴瓦间隙调整,上机架、顶盖等部位的振动幅值以及上导和水导的摆度幅值均有效降低至安全运行范围,提高了机组的运行稳定性。通过试验,验证了联合分析振摆特性和轴心轨迹对于综合判断机组多重因素引起振动问题的有效性,介绍了剔除干扰因素并确定直接影响因素的试验和分析方法,能够有效降低试验次数,快速确定故障原因,并提高故障诊断的准确率。
The operating instability of the hydro-power units is often caused by the mechanical imbalance and the excessive bearing clearances. In order to identify the reasons for the vibration of a 45 MW Kaplan turbine, the stability test is done to obtain the vibration and swing information. Through the spectrum and shaft orbit analysis, the reason for the vibration is found out to be the mechanical imbalance and the excessive bearing clearances. The clearances are adjusted and the balancing test is taken using the key phase point method to reduce the amplitude of the vibration and swing. After the clearance is adjusted and 36 kg balance weight is added to the rotor, the amplitude of the vibration and the swing are all reduced into the allowable range. Which means the joint analysis method is appropriate for the vibration problems caused by multiple factors. The spectrum and shaft orbit joint analysis can reduce the number of tests and improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis. And the step by step test and analyze method which can quickly identify the main reason among a lot of reasons is clearly introduced.
The operating instability of the hydro-power units is often caused by the mechanical imbalance and the excessive bearing clearances. In order to identify the reasons for the vibration of a 45 MW Kaplan turbine, the stability test is done to obtain the vibration and swing information. Through the spectrum and shaft orbit analysis, the reason for the vibration is found out to be the mechanical imbalance and the excessive bearing clearances. The clearances are adjusted and the balancing test is taken using the key phase point method to reduce the amplitude of the vibration and swing. After the clearance is adjusted and 36 kg balance weight is added to the rotor, the amplitude of the vibration and the swing are all reduced into the allowable range. Which means the joint analysis method is appropriate for the vibration problems caused by multiple factors. The spectrum and shaft orbit joint analysis can reduce the number of tests and improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis. And the step by step test and analyze method which can quickly identify the main reason among a lot of reasons is clearly introduced.
引文
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[2]阎宗国,周凌九,何军兵,等.水轮发电机组转子动平衡试验[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(2):235-239.YAN Zongguo,ZHOU Lingjiu,HE Junbing,et al.Rotor balancing test of hydro-power unit[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2012,31(2):235-239.
[3]崔颖,刘占生,冷淑香,等.200 MW汽轮发电机组转子-轴承系统非线性稳定性研究[J].机械工程学报,2005,41(2):170-175.CUI Ying,LIU zhansheng,LENG Shuxiang,et al.Study on nonlinear stability for a 200 MW turbo-generator rotor-bearing system[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Enineering,2005,41(2):170-175.
[4]周高远.配重法在水轮发电机转子动不平衡中的应用[J].水利科技与经济,2010,16(1):94-95.ZHOU Gaoyuan.The application of balance weight method in the rotor balancing test of hydro-power unit[J].Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy,2010,16(1):94-95.
[5]江忠明.水轮机产生振动和摆度的原因分析及处理[J].水利水电技术,1978,2(8):44-46.JIANG Zhongming.Analysis of the causes and the treatment of the turbine vibration and swing[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1978,2(8):44-46.
[6]王千,张恩博.长甸2号水轮发电机组振动原因分析[J].东北电力技术,2007(8):17-19.WANG Qian,ZHANG Enbo.Analysis of the causes of the vibration of Changdian 2#hydro-power unit[J].Northeast Electric Power,2007(8):17-19.
[7]王义国.南水电厂机组振动摆度偏大及导瓦瓦温偏高的处理[J].水电站机电技术,2010,33(4):55-56.WANG Yiguo.The treatment of the large vibration and swing and high bearing temperature[J].Mechanical&Electrical Technical of Hydropower Station,2010,33(4):55-56.
[8]邓林森.立式水轮发电机组导轴瓦间隙的计算研究[J].四川水力发电,2012,31(6):127-130.DENG Linsen.Calculation of guide bearing clearance of vertical turbine generator sets[J].Sichuan Water Power,2012,31(6):127-130.
[9]魏强林,朱建军.大型立式机组轴线摆度调整方法探讨[J].上海大中型电机,2011(2):45-46.WEI Qianglin,ZHU Jianjun.Discussion of the swing adjustment of large vertical axis unit[J].Shanghai Medium and Large Electrical Machines,2011(2):45-46.
[10]蒋玉华,张智彬,何成连.水轮发电机组动平衡试验相位判断法与实施[J].水利水电工程设计,2009,28(2):18-21.JIANG Yuhua,ZHANG Zhibin,HE Chenglian.Phase judgment method and implementation in hydro-power unit rotor balancing test[J].Design of Water Resources&Hydroelectric Engineering,2009,28(2):18-21.
[11]姚大坤,邹经湘,黄文虎,等.水轮发电机转子偏心引起的非线性电磁振动[J].应用力学学报,2006,23(3):334-337.YAO Dakun,ZOU Jingxiang,HUANG Wenhu,et al.Non-linear electromagnetic vibration caused by off center of hydro-generator[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2006,23(3):334-337.
[12]仇天林,吕省三,周思年,等.大型立式机组考虑摆度调整导轴瓦间隙的方法存在的问题[J].大电机技术,2000,2(2):11-13.QIU Tianlin,LüXingsan,ZHOU Sinian,et al.The problems of the clearance adjustment method based on swing in large vertical axis unit[J].Large ElectricMachine and Hydraulic Turbine,2000,2(2):11-13.
[13]NAIDU B S K,MIAHR F.Investigation for uprating hydraulic turbines[C]//IAHR Symposium,1988:875-888.
[14]EGUSQUIZA E,ESTEVEZ A,CABRERA J,et al.Vibration behavior in hydro power plants field data analysis[C]//Proceedings of the 20nd IAHR Symposium,Charlotte,United States,2000:533-540.
[15]王玲花.水轮发电机组振动及分析[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2011.WANG Linghua.The vibration and analysis of hydro-generator[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Conservancy Press,2011.