贵州铜仁坝黄磷矿中铀赋存状态的逐级化学提取研究
|
摘要
贵州铜仁坝黄磷块岩矿床富集放射性元素铀,利用逐级化学提取分析方法对该地区黄磷矿中铀的赋存状态进行探究,有助于进一步探讨磷块岩型铀矿的分布规律、成矿机理及铀资源的综合开发。本文采用经修改的Tessier法流程,提取了水溶态、可交换离子态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机质黄铁矿态、强酸提取态和残渣态等七种不同形态的铀。研究发现:黄磷矿中的铀主要以独立铀矿物和类质同象置换的形式存在,分别占37.83%、37.21%,少量铀(占24.96%)以分散吸附形式存在。分析表明:独立铀矿物在富磷、黄铁矿脉和镜面擦痕发育的岩层中含量较高,说明热液活动有利于独立矿物形式铀的富集;类质同象铀与黄磷矿中的磷含量呈正相关关系,铀元素可能是以离子置换的方式赋存于胶磷矿的晶格缺陷中;吸附形态铀的含量受到岩石中黏土矿物含量和黄铁矿脉的影响,有机质黄铁矿态是吸附形态铀存在的主要方式,少量铀通过扩散作用吸附于黏土矿物表面。除类质同象铀因其存在形式不易被提取利用外,独立铀矿物及吸附形态铀对于未来优化资源配置具有现实意义。
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that phosphorite deposits in Tongren Bahuang of Guizhou Province is rich in the radioactive element uranium.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the distribution regularity of phosphorite type uranium deposits,the metallogenic mechanism,and comprehensive development of uranium resources,by using the stepwise chemical extraction method to analyze the occurrence of uranium.METHODS: The modified Tessier process was used to extract seven different forms of uranium,including watersoluble,exchangeable ion,carbonate-bound,iron-manganese combined,organic-pyrite combined,strong acid and residual.RESULTS: The uranium in the phosphorite deposits occurs mainly in the form of independent uranium minerals and metamorphosed isomorphisms,accounting for 37. 83% and 37. 21%,respectively,and a small amount of uranium( 24. 96%) exists in the form of dispersed adsorption. The results show that the content of independent uranium minerals in the P-rich rocks,pyrite veins and specular surface is higher,which indicates that the hydrothermal activity is beneficial to the enrichment of uranium in the form of independent minerals. The isomorphism uranium is positively correlated with the content of phosphorus,and the uranium element may be deposited in the lattice defects of colloidal phosphate in the way of ion-substitution. The content of the adsorbed uranium is affected by the clay mineral content and pyrite vein in the rock. The organic matter pyrite state is the main state of the adsorbed uranium. A small amount of uranium adsorbed on the surface of clay minerals by diffusion.CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the fact that the isomorphous uranium is not easy to extract and utilize due to its existing form,independent uranium minerals and adsorbed uranium have practical significance for optimizing the resource allocation in the future.
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that phosphorite deposits in Tongren Bahuang of Guizhou Province is rich in the radioactive element uranium.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the distribution regularity of phosphorite type uranium deposits,the metallogenic mechanism,and comprehensive development of uranium resources,by using the stepwise chemical extraction method to analyze the occurrence of uranium.METHODS: The modified Tessier process was used to extract seven different forms of uranium,including watersoluble,exchangeable ion,carbonate-bound,iron-manganese combined,organic-pyrite combined,strong acid and residual.RESULTS: The uranium in the phosphorite deposits occurs mainly in the form of independent uranium minerals and metamorphosed isomorphisms,accounting for 37. 83% and 37. 21%,respectively,and a small amount of uranium( 24. 96%) exists in the form of dispersed adsorption. The results show that the content of independent uranium minerals in the P-rich rocks,pyrite veins and specular surface is higher,which indicates that the hydrothermal activity is beneficial to the enrichment of uranium in the form of independent minerals. The isomorphism uranium is positively correlated with the content of phosphorus,and the uranium element may be deposited in the lattice defects of colloidal phosphate in the way of ion-substitution. The content of the adsorbed uranium is affected by the clay mineral content and pyrite vein in the rock. The organic matter pyrite state is the main state of the adsorbed uranium. A small amount of uranium adsorbed on the surface of clay minerals by diffusion.CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the fact that the isomorphous uranium is not easy to extract and utilize due to its existing form,independent uranium minerals and adsorbed uranium have practical significance for optimizing the resource allocation in the future.
引文
[1]李强,王建平,徐千琰.世界铀资源概况及供需形势展望[J].中国矿业,2013(11):13-18.Li Q,Wang J P,Xu Q Y.General situation and prospec on supply and demand trend of the world uranium resources[J].China Mining Magazine,2013(11):13-18.
[2]孙娇.广西大新铀矿床铀的浸出特征及成矿物质来源研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2014.Sun J.The Leaching Characteristics of Uranium and Source Material Research in Daxin Uranium Deposit of Guangxi[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014.
[3]黄净白,黄世杰.中国铀资源区域成矿特征[J].铀矿地质,2005,21(3):129-138.Huang J B,Huang S J.Regional metallogenic characteristics of China’s uranium resources[J].Uranium Geology,2005,21(3):129-138.
[4]蔡煜琦,张金带,李子颖,等.中国铀矿资源特征及成矿规律概要[J].地质学报,2015,89(6):1051-1069.Cai Y Q,Zhang J D,Li Z Y,et al.Outline of uranium resources characteristics and metallogenetic regularity in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89(3):1051-1069.
[5]黄凯平,郑懋荣.贵州磷块岩型非常规铀资源找矿前景分析[J].贵州地质,2012,29(3):179-182.Huang K P,Zheng M R.Analysis on exploration prospecting of phosphorite unconventional uranium resource in Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology,2012,29(3):179-182.
[6]倪师军,徐争启,张成江,等.西南地区黑色岩系铀成矿作用及成因模式探讨[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(10):1035-1042.Ni S J,Xu Z Q,Zhang C J,et al.Uranium metallogenesis and ore genesis of the rich-large black rock series-type uranium deposits in Southwest China[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(10):1035-1042.
[7]谢宏.应用铈异常示踪沉积构造环境---以贵州铜仁坝黄磷矿为例[J].地质与资源,2012,21(4):406-409.Xie H.The cerium anomaly tracer for sedimentary tectonic environment:A case study of the Bahuang phosphorite deposit in Tongren,Guizhou Province[J].Geology&Resources,2012,21(4):406-409.
[8]巫声扬,冯佩莘.川北中生代砂岩型铀矿床铀的存在形式及其分布特征[J].矿物岩石,1981(6):44-48.Wu S Y,Feng P Z.The form and distribution of Mesozoic sandstone type uranium deposit in North Sichuan[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,1981(6):44-48.
[9]马强,冯志刚,孙静,等.新疆某地浸砂岩型铀矿中铀赋存形态的研究[J].岩矿测试,2012,31(3):501-506.Ma Q,Feng Z G,Sun J,et al.Study on chemical speciation of uranium in samples from in-situ leaching sandstone-type uranium deposit in Xinjiang[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2012,31(3):501-506.
[10]马晔,吴柏林,刘亚非,等.鄂尔多斯盆地HJQ地区砂岩型铀矿铀赋存状态研究[J].西北地质,2013,46(2):141-152.Ma Y,Wu B L,Liu Y F,et al.Study on uranium occurrence state of sandstone-type uranium deposits in HJQ region,Ordos Basin[J].Northwestern Geology,2013,46(2):141-152.
[11]寸小妮,吴柏林,张洪深,等.鄂尔多斯盆地大营铀矿铀的赋存状态研究[J].西北地质,2016,49(2):198-212.Cun X N,Wu B L,Zhang H S,et al.Study on uranium occurrence state of Daying sandstone-type uranium deposits in Ordos Basin[J].Northwestern Geology,2016,49(2):198-212.
[12]林文洲.贵州寒武系沉积体系及层序地层学研究[D].成都:成都理工学院,2001.Lin W Z.Depositional System and Sequence Stratigraphy Research of Cambrian in Guizhou[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2001.
[13]施春华.磷矿的形成与Rodinia超大陆裂解、生物爆发的关系---以贵州瓮安、开阳、织金磷矿床为例[D].贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所,2005.Shi C H.Formation of Phosphprote Deposit,Breakup of Rodinia Supercontinent and Biology Explosion:A Case Study of Weng’an,Kaiyang and Zhijin Phosphorite Deposits of Guizhou Province[D].Guiyang:Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005.
[14]密文天,林丽.海相磷块岩沉积事件研究---以新元古代末-寒武纪成磷事件为例[J].海洋地质动态,2010,26(4):26-31.Mi W T,Lin L.Marine phosphorite sedimentation event:A case study of phosphorite-forming event from the end of Neoproterozoic to Cambrian[J].Marine Geology Letters,2010,26(4):26-31.
[15]汪正江,王剑,卓皆文,等.扬子陆块震旦纪-寒武纪之交的地壳伸展作用:来自沉积序列与沉积地球化学证据[J].地质论评,2011,57(5):731-742.Wang Z J,Wang J,Zhuo J W,et al.Crust extensional activity during the transition from Simian(Ediacaran)to Cambrian in Yangtze block:Evidences from the depositional sequence and its geochemical data[J].Geological Review,2011,57(5):731-742.
[16]宋照亮,刘丛强,彭渤,等.逐级提取(SEE)技术及其在沉积物和土壤元素形态研究中的应用[J].地球与环境,2004,32(2):70-77.Song Z L,Liu C Q,Peng B,et al.Sequential extraction(SEE)technology and its applications to sediment and soil element speciation studies[J].GeologyGeochemistry,2004,32(2):70-77.
[17]张相还.铀地球化学[M].北京:原子能出版社,1984.Zhang X H.Uranium Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,1984.
[18]郑剑,贾志坤,王晓宁,等.分步提取法在分析铀赋存形态中的应用[J].内蒙古石油化工,2015,41(15):1-2.Zheng J,Jia Z K,Wang X N,et al.Application of sequential extraction method in the analysis of chemical speciation of uranium[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2015,41(15):1-2.
[19]冯素萍,刘慎坦,杜伟,等.利用BCR改进法和Tessier修正法提取不同类型土壤中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn的对比研究[J].分析测试学报,2009,28(3):297-300.Feng S P,Liu S T,Du W,et al.Assessment of Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn species in different soils by modified BCR and Tessier extraction procedures[J].Journal of Instrumental Analysis,2009,28(3):297-300.
[20]Yao Z G.Comparison between BCR sequential extraction and geo-accumulation method to evaluate metal mobility in sediments of Dongting Lake,Central China[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2008,26(1):14-22.
[21]Tessier A,Campbell P,Bisson M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51:844-851.
[22]Gleyzes C,Tellier S,Astrue M.Fraetionation studies of trace elements in contaminated soils and sediments:Areview of sequential extraction procedures[J].Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2002,21(6-7):451-467.
[23]Menozzi D,Dosseto A,Kinsley L P J.Assessing the effect of sequential extraction on the uranium-series isotopic composition of a basaltic weathering profile[J].Chemical Geology,2016,446:126-137.
[24]Quevauviller P,Gleyzes C,Tellier S,et al.Sequential extraction procedures for the characterisation of the fractionation of elements in industrially-contaminated soils[J].Perspectives in Neural Computing,2002,40(10):681-686.
[25]Rauret G,López-sánchez J,Sahuquillo A,et al.Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,1999,1(1):57-61.
[26]Davidson C,Thomas R,Mcvey S,et al.Evaluation of a sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of heavy metals in sediments[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,1994,291(3):277-286.
[27]Ruban V,López-Sánchez J,Pardo P,et al.Selection and evaluation of sequential extraction procedures for the determination of phosphorus forms in lake sediment[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,1999,1(1):51-56.
[28]Tack F,Verloo M.Chemical speciation and fractionation in soil and sediment heavy metal analysis:A review[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,1995,59(2-4):225-238.
[29]Lydia L,Probst J.A new sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace elements in river sediments[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,1999,73(2):109-128.
[30]Noskova L.Stepwise extraction of brown coal from the Sergeevskoe deposit[J].Solid Fuel Chemistry,2014,48(4):224-229.
[31]Kim W,Yoo J,Jeon E,et al.Stepwise sequential extraction of As-,Cu-,and Pb-contaminated paddy soil[J].Clean-Soil,Air,Water,2014,42(12):1785-1789.
[32]黄泰誉.贵州铜仁地区早寒武世早期古海洋氧化还原条件和有机质富集机理研究[C]//2015年全国沉积学大会沉积学与非常规资源论文摘要集.2015.Huang T Y.Study on Oxidation Reduction Conditions and Organic Matter Enrichment Mechanism of Early Cambrian Paleo Ocean in Tongren Area,Guizhou[C]//A Summary of the Sedimentology and Unconventional Resources of the National Sedimentology Conference in2015.2015.
[33]于漫,欧阳京,第鹏飞,等.沉积环境有机质及在铀成矿中的作用研究[J].地质找矿论丛,2011,26(3):255-261.Yu M,Ouyang J,Di P F,et al.Effect of organic matter in sedimentary environment on formation of uranium ore[J].Contributions to Geology&Mineral Resources Research,2011,26(3):255-261.
[34]杨殿忠,于漫.铀有机地球化学研究进展[J].地质找矿论丛,2001,16(4):262-266.Yang D Z,Yu M.The uranium-organic geochemistry development[J].Contributions to Geology&Mineral Resources Research,2001,16(4):262-266.
[35]王亚平,黄毅,王苏明,等.土壤和沉积物中元素的化学形态及其顺序提取法[J].地质通报,2005,24(8):728-734.Wang Y P,Huang Y,Wang S M,et al.Chemical speciation of elements in sediments and soils and their sequential extraction process[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2005,24(8):728-734.
[36]张少琴,朱文凤,韦龙明.产铀花岗岩体中的晶质铀矿的若干特征---以粤北石人嶂钨矿为例[J].中国矿业,2009,18(11):104-106.Zhang S Q,Zhu W F,Wei L M.Some characteristics of ulrichile in granite:The wolframite of Shirenzhang in north of Guangdong as an example[J].China Mining Magazine,2009,18(11):104-106.
[37]魏怀瑞,杨瑞东,鲍淼,等.贵州早寒武世黑色页岩地球化学特征及其意义[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),2006,23(4):356-360.Wei H R,Yang R D,Bao M,et al.Geochemical characteristics of Early Cambrian black shale in Guizhou Province,China[J].Journal of Guizhou University(Natural Science),2006,23(4):356-360.
[38]蒋峥,刘正安,李顺明.康滇古陆东缘磷块岩型铀矿找矿前景分析[J].四川地质学报,2013,33(1):70-73.Jiang Z,Liu Z A,Li S M.Prospecting potential for phosphorite-type uranium deposit on the eastern margin of the Kangdian Old Continent[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2013,33(1):70-73.
[39]肖加飞,胡瑞忠,宋谢炎,等.贵州早寒武世的缺氧事件沉积[J].矿产与地质,2006(增刊):366-373.Xiao J F,Hu R Z,Song X Y,et al.Early Cambrian anoxic event sedimentation in Guizhou Province[J].Mineral Resources&Geology,2006(Supplement):366-373.
[40]张位华,姜立君,高慧,等.贵州寒武系底部黑色硅质岩成因及沉积环境探讨[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003,22(2):174-178.Zhang W H,Jiang L J,Gao H,et al.Study on sedimentary environment and origin of black siliceous rocks of the Lower Cambrian in Giuzhou Province[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology&Geochemistry,2003,22(2):174-178.
[41]Desideri D,Meli M,Roselli C,et al.Speciation of natural and antropogenic radionuclides in different sea sediment samples[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2001,248(3):727-733.
[42]吴祥和.贵州磷块岩[M].北京:地质出版社,1999.Wu X H.Phosphorites in Guizhou[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1999.
[43]卢家烂,傅家谟,彭平安.金属成矿中的有机地球化学研究[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2004.Lu J L,Fu J M,Peng P A.The Study of Organic Geochemistry in Metal Mineralization[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,2004.
[44]张本浩,吴柏林,刘池阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7富铀烃源岩铀的赋存状态[J].西北地质,2011,44(2):124-132.Zhang B H,Wu B L,Liu C Y,et al.Occurrence of uranium in hydrocarbon of chang-7 member of Yanchang Formation of Ordos Basin[J].Northwestern Geology,2011,44(2):124-132.
[45]Fisher Q J,Cliff R A,Dodson M H.U-Pb systematics of an Upper Carboniferous black shale from South Yorkshire,UK[J].Chemical Geology,2003,194:331-347.
[2]孙娇.广西大新铀矿床铀的浸出特征及成矿物质来源研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2014.Sun J.The Leaching Characteristics of Uranium and Source Material Research in Daxin Uranium Deposit of Guangxi[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014.
[3]黄净白,黄世杰.中国铀资源区域成矿特征[J].铀矿地质,2005,21(3):129-138.Huang J B,Huang S J.Regional metallogenic characteristics of China’s uranium resources[J].Uranium Geology,2005,21(3):129-138.
[4]蔡煜琦,张金带,李子颖,等.中国铀矿资源特征及成矿规律概要[J].地质学报,2015,89(6):1051-1069.Cai Y Q,Zhang J D,Li Z Y,et al.Outline of uranium resources characteristics and metallogenetic regularity in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89(3):1051-1069.
[5]黄凯平,郑懋荣.贵州磷块岩型非常规铀资源找矿前景分析[J].贵州地质,2012,29(3):179-182.Huang K P,Zheng M R.Analysis on exploration prospecting of phosphorite unconventional uranium resource in Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology,2012,29(3):179-182.
[6]倪师军,徐争启,张成江,等.西南地区黑色岩系铀成矿作用及成因模式探讨[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(10):1035-1042.Ni S J,Xu Z Q,Zhang C J,et al.Uranium metallogenesis and ore genesis of the rich-large black rock series-type uranium deposits in Southwest China[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(10):1035-1042.
[7]谢宏.应用铈异常示踪沉积构造环境---以贵州铜仁坝黄磷矿为例[J].地质与资源,2012,21(4):406-409.Xie H.The cerium anomaly tracer for sedimentary tectonic environment:A case study of the Bahuang phosphorite deposit in Tongren,Guizhou Province[J].Geology&Resources,2012,21(4):406-409.
[8]巫声扬,冯佩莘.川北中生代砂岩型铀矿床铀的存在形式及其分布特征[J].矿物岩石,1981(6):44-48.Wu S Y,Feng P Z.The form and distribution of Mesozoic sandstone type uranium deposit in North Sichuan[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,1981(6):44-48.
[9]马强,冯志刚,孙静,等.新疆某地浸砂岩型铀矿中铀赋存形态的研究[J].岩矿测试,2012,31(3):501-506.Ma Q,Feng Z G,Sun J,et al.Study on chemical speciation of uranium in samples from in-situ leaching sandstone-type uranium deposit in Xinjiang[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2012,31(3):501-506.
[10]马晔,吴柏林,刘亚非,等.鄂尔多斯盆地HJQ地区砂岩型铀矿铀赋存状态研究[J].西北地质,2013,46(2):141-152.Ma Y,Wu B L,Liu Y F,et al.Study on uranium occurrence state of sandstone-type uranium deposits in HJQ region,Ordos Basin[J].Northwestern Geology,2013,46(2):141-152.
[11]寸小妮,吴柏林,张洪深,等.鄂尔多斯盆地大营铀矿铀的赋存状态研究[J].西北地质,2016,49(2):198-212.Cun X N,Wu B L,Zhang H S,et al.Study on uranium occurrence state of Daying sandstone-type uranium deposits in Ordos Basin[J].Northwestern Geology,2016,49(2):198-212.
[12]林文洲.贵州寒武系沉积体系及层序地层学研究[D].成都:成都理工学院,2001.Lin W Z.Depositional System and Sequence Stratigraphy Research of Cambrian in Guizhou[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2001.
[13]施春华.磷矿的形成与Rodinia超大陆裂解、生物爆发的关系---以贵州瓮安、开阳、织金磷矿床为例[D].贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所,2005.Shi C H.Formation of Phosphprote Deposit,Breakup of Rodinia Supercontinent and Biology Explosion:A Case Study of Weng’an,Kaiyang and Zhijin Phosphorite Deposits of Guizhou Province[D].Guiyang:Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005.
[14]密文天,林丽.海相磷块岩沉积事件研究---以新元古代末-寒武纪成磷事件为例[J].海洋地质动态,2010,26(4):26-31.Mi W T,Lin L.Marine phosphorite sedimentation event:A case study of phosphorite-forming event from the end of Neoproterozoic to Cambrian[J].Marine Geology Letters,2010,26(4):26-31.
[15]汪正江,王剑,卓皆文,等.扬子陆块震旦纪-寒武纪之交的地壳伸展作用:来自沉积序列与沉积地球化学证据[J].地质论评,2011,57(5):731-742.Wang Z J,Wang J,Zhuo J W,et al.Crust extensional activity during the transition from Simian(Ediacaran)to Cambrian in Yangtze block:Evidences from the depositional sequence and its geochemical data[J].Geological Review,2011,57(5):731-742.
[16]宋照亮,刘丛强,彭渤,等.逐级提取(SEE)技术及其在沉积物和土壤元素形态研究中的应用[J].地球与环境,2004,32(2):70-77.Song Z L,Liu C Q,Peng B,et al.Sequential extraction(SEE)technology and its applications to sediment and soil element speciation studies[J].GeologyGeochemistry,2004,32(2):70-77.
[17]张相还.铀地球化学[M].北京:原子能出版社,1984.Zhang X H.Uranium Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,1984.
[18]郑剑,贾志坤,王晓宁,等.分步提取法在分析铀赋存形态中的应用[J].内蒙古石油化工,2015,41(15):1-2.Zheng J,Jia Z K,Wang X N,et al.Application of sequential extraction method in the analysis of chemical speciation of uranium[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2015,41(15):1-2.
[19]冯素萍,刘慎坦,杜伟,等.利用BCR改进法和Tessier修正法提取不同类型土壤中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn的对比研究[J].分析测试学报,2009,28(3):297-300.Feng S P,Liu S T,Du W,et al.Assessment of Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn species in different soils by modified BCR and Tessier extraction procedures[J].Journal of Instrumental Analysis,2009,28(3):297-300.
[20]Yao Z G.Comparison between BCR sequential extraction and geo-accumulation method to evaluate metal mobility in sediments of Dongting Lake,Central China[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2008,26(1):14-22.
[21]Tessier A,Campbell P,Bisson M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51:844-851.
[22]Gleyzes C,Tellier S,Astrue M.Fraetionation studies of trace elements in contaminated soils and sediments:Areview of sequential extraction procedures[J].Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2002,21(6-7):451-467.
[23]Menozzi D,Dosseto A,Kinsley L P J.Assessing the effect of sequential extraction on the uranium-series isotopic composition of a basaltic weathering profile[J].Chemical Geology,2016,446:126-137.
[24]Quevauviller P,Gleyzes C,Tellier S,et al.Sequential extraction procedures for the characterisation of the fractionation of elements in industrially-contaminated soils[J].Perspectives in Neural Computing,2002,40(10):681-686.
[25]Rauret G,López-sánchez J,Sahuquillo A,et al.Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,1999,1(1):57-61.
[26]Davidson C,Thomas R,Mcvey S,et al.Evaluation of a sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of heavy metals in sediments[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,1994,291(3):277-286.
[27]Ruban V,López-Sánchez J,Pardo P,et al.Selection and evaluation of sequential extraction procedures for the determination of phosphorus forms in lake sediment[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,1999,1(1):51-56.
[28]Tack F,Verloo M.Chemical speciation and fractionation in soil and sediment heavy metal analysis:A review[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,1995,59(2-4):225-238.
[29]Lydia L,Probst J.A new sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace elements in river sediments[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,1999,73(2):109-128.
[30]Noskova L.Stepwise extraction of brown coal from the Sergeevskoe deposit[J].Solid Fuel Chemistry,2014,48(4):224-229.
[31]Kim W,Yoo J,Jeon E,et al.Stepwise sequential extraction of As-,Cu-,and Pb-contaminated paddy soil[J].Clean-Soil,Air,Water,2014,42(12):1785-1789.
[32]黄泰誉.贵州铜仁地区早寒武世早期古海洋氧化还原条件和有机质富集机理研究[C]//2015年全国沉积学大会沉积学与非常规资源论文摘要集.2015.Huang T Y.Study on Oxidation Reduction Conditions and Organic Matter Enrichment Mechanism of Early Cambrian Paleo Ocean in Tongren Area,Guizhou[C]//A Summary of the Sedimentology and Unconventional Resources of the National Sedimentology Conference in2015.2015.
[33]于漫,欧阳京,第鹏飞,等.沉积环境有机质及在铀成矿中的作用研究[J].地质找矿论丛,2011,26(3):255-261.Yu M,Ouyang J,Di P F,et al.Effect of organic matter in sedimentary environment on formation of uranium ore[J].Contributions to Geology&Mineral Resources Research,2011,26(3):255-261.
[34]杨殿忠,于漫.铀有机地球化学研究进展[J].地质找矿论丛,2001,16(4):262-266.Yang D Z,Yu M.The uranium-organic geochemistry development[J].Contributions to Geology&Mineral Resources Research,2001,16(4):262-266.
[35]王亚平,黄毅,王苏明,等.土壤和沉积物中元素的化学形态及其顺序提取法[J].地质通报,2005,24(8):728-734.Wang Y P,Huang Y,Wang S M,et al.Chemical speciation of elements in sediments and soils and their sequential extraction process[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2005,24(8):728-734.
[36]张少琴,朱文凤,韦龙明.产铀花岗岩体中的晶质铀矿的若干特征---以粤北石人嶂钨矿为例[J].中国矿业,2009,18(11):104-106.Zhang S Q,Zhu W F,Wei L M.Some characteristics of ulrichile in granite:The wolframite of Shirenzhang in north of Guangdong as an example[J].China Mining Magazine,2009,18(11):104-106.
[37]魏怀瑞,杨瑞东,鲍淼,等.贵州早寒武世黑色页岩地球化学特征及其意义[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),2006,23(4):356-360.Wei H R,Yang R D,Bao M,et al.Geochemical characteristics of Early Cambrian black shale in Guizhou Province,China[J].Journal of Guizhou University(Natural Science),2006,23(4):356-360.
[38]蒋峥,刘正安,李顺明.康滇古陆东缘磷块岩型铀矿找矿前景分析[J].四川地质学报,2013,33(1):70-73.Jiang Z,Liu Z A,Li S M.Prospecting potential for phosphorite-type uranium deposit on the eastern margin of the Kangdian Old Continent[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2013,33(1):70-73.
[39]肖加飞,胡瑞忠,宋谢炎,等.贵州早寒武世的缺氧事件沉积[J].矿产与地质,2006(增刊):366-373.Xiao J F,Hu R Z,Song X Y,et al.Early Cambrian anoxic event sedimentation in Guizhou Province[J].Mineral Resources&Geology,2006(Supplement):366-373.
[40]张位华,姜立君,高慧,等.贵州寒武系底部黑色硅质岩成因及沉积环境探讨[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003,22(2):174-178.Zhang W H,Jiang L J,Gao H,et al.Study on sedimentary environment and origin of black siliceous rocks of the Lower Cambrian in Giuzhou Province[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology&Geochemistry,2003,22(2):174-178.
[41]Desideri D,Meli M,Roselli C,et al.Speciation of natural and antropogenic radionuclides in different sea sediment samples[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2001,248(3):727-733.
[42]吴祥和.贵州磷块岩[M].北京:地质出版社,1999.Wu X H.Phosphorites in Guizhou[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1999.
[43]卢家烂,傅家谟,彭平安.金属成矿中的有机地球化学研究[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2004.Lu J L,Fu J M,Peng P A.The Study of Organic Geochemistry in Metal Mineralization[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,2004.
[44]张本浩,吴柏林,刘池阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7富铀烃源岩铀的赋存状态[J].西北地质,2011,44(2):124-132.Zhang B H,Wu B L,Liu C Y,et al.Occurrence of uranium in hydrocarbon of chang-7 member of Yanchang Formation of Ordos Basin[J].Northwestern Geology,2011,44(2):124-132.
[45]Fisher Q J,Cliff R A,Dodson M H.U-Pb systematics of an Upper Carboniferous black shale from South Yorkshire,UK[J].Chemical Geology,2003,194:331-347.