聚乙烯管材耐慢速裂纹增长性能的快速评价的研究现状
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摘要
聚乙烯(PE)管材的耐慢速裂纹增长性能是评价管材使用寿命的关键指标。文中概述了塑料管材典型的破坏模式,介绍了常规评价聚乙烯管材耐慢速裂纹增长性能的切口管试验(NPT)、全切口拉伸蠕变试验(FNCT)、宾夕法尼亚切口拉伸试验(PENT)、锥体试验(Cone)等试验方法;详细介绍了最新研发的变硬化模量法、缺口圆柱棒-循环载荷法2种新型试验方法,并比较分析了新型试验方法的优势。最后就聚乙烯管材耐慢速裂纹增长性能评价方法的发展方向进行了展望。
The slow crack growth(SCG) performance of polyethylene(PE) pipe is a key indicator for evaluating the service life of pipe.The typical failure mode of plastic pipe was briefly summarized.The conventional slow crack growth(SCG) characterization methods of notched pipe test(NPT),full notch creep test(FNCT),Pennsylvania notch test(PENT),the cone test(Cone) etc were introduced.Two new methods of strain hardening modulus and cracked round bar were emphatically described,and the advantages of new methods were compared with conventional methods.Development of SCG test methods was presented at the end of the paper.
The slow crack growth(SCG) performance of polyethylene(PE) pipe is a key indicator for evaluating the service life of pipe.The typical failure mode of plastic pipe was briefly summarized.The conventional slow crack growth(SCG) characterization methods of notched pipe test(NPT),full notch creep test(FNCT),Pennsylvania notch test(PENT),the cone test(Cone) etc were introduced.Two new methods of strain hardening modulus and cracked round bar were emphatically described,and the advantages of new methods were compared with conventional methods.Development of SCG test methods was presented at the end of the paper.
引文
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[5]赵启辉.聚乙烯承压管道及原料耐慢速裂纹增长测试标准及实验要求[J].中国塑料,2008,22(10):90-94.Chao Q H.Test standard and requirement of pressurized polyethylene piping and resistance of slow crack growth[J].China Plastics,2008,22(10):90-94.
[6]熊志敏,孙佳文,武志军,等.聚乙烯管材慢速裂纹增长性能及其评价方法[J].塑料工业,2011,39(8):10-14.Xiong Z M,Sun J W,Wu Z J,et al.Study on slow crack growth properties of polyethylene pipe and the corresponding evaluation methods[J].Plastics Industry,2011,39(8):10-14.
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[8]Beech S H,Clutton E Q.Interpretation of results of full notch creep test and comparison with notched pipe test[J].Plast.Rubber Compos.,2005,34:294-300.
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[10]Brown N,Zhou Z J.Tests for developing gas pipe resins[J].Plast.Rubber Compos.,2005,34:289-293.
[11]熊志敏,武志军,华晔,等.加速试验研究HDPE管材耐慢速裂纹增长性能[J].合成树脂及塑料,2016,33(4):60-63.Xiong Z M,Wu Z J,Hua Y,et al.Study on accelerated testing of slow crack growth resistance of high density polyethylene pipe[J].Synthetic Resin and Plastics,2016,33(4):60-63.
[12]Lenz J.Long-term point loads testing with plastic pipes[J].Book Inst.Mater.,2001,759:421-428.
[13]Kurelec L,Teeuwen M,Schoffeleers H,et al.Strain hardening modulus as a measure of environmental stress crack resistance of high density polyethylene[J].Polymer,2005,46:6369-6379.
[14]Deblieck R A C,Havermans D J M,Remerie K,et al.Failure mechanisms in polyolefines:the role of crazing,shear yielding and the entanglement network[J].Polymer,2011,52:2979-2990.
[15]Kurelec L,Teeuwen M,Schoffeleers H,et al.Strain hardening modulus as a measure of environmental stress crack resistance of high density polyethylene[J].Polymer,2005,46:6369-6379.
[16]Humbert S,Lame O,Vigier G.Polyethylene yielding behaviour:what is behind the correlation between yield stress and crystallinity[J].Polymer,2009,50:3755-3761.
[17]Maxwell A S,Pilkington G.Prediction of environmental stress cracking resistance in linear low density polyethylenes[J].Polym.Eng.Sci.,2008,48:360-364.
[18]Barker M B,Bowman J,Bevis M.The performance and causes of failure of polyethylene pipes subjected to constant and fluctuating internal pressure loadings[J].J.Mater.Sci.,1983,18:1095-1118.
[19]Pinter G,Haager M,Balika W,et al.Fatigue crack growth in PE-HD pipe grades[J].Plast.Rubber Compos.,2005,34:25-33.
[20]Choi B H,Balika W,Chudnovsky A,et al.The use of crack layer theory to predict the lifetime of the fatigue crack growth of high density polyethylene[J].Polym.Eng.Sci.,2010,49:1421-1428.
[21]Haager M,Pinter G,Lang R W.Ranking of PE-HD pipe grades by fatigue crack growth performance[J].Plastics Pipes XIII,2006,11.
[22]Parsons M,Stepanov E V,Hiltner A,et al.Effect of strain rate on stepwise fatigue and creep slow crack growth in high density polyethylene[J].J.Mater.Sci.,2000,35:1857-1866.
[23]Parsons M,Stepanov E,Hiltner A,et al.Correlation of stepwise fatigue and creep slow crack growth in high density polyethylene[J].J.Mater.Sci.,1999,34:3315-3326.
[24]Pinter G,Balika W,Lang R W.Temperature-fatigue interaction[M]//Remy L,Petit J.[S.l.]:Elsevier Science Ltd.and ESIS,2002:267-275.
[25]Nishimura H,Narisawa I.Evalation of impact properties of butt-fusion-jointed medium-density polyethylene pipes for gas distribution[J].Polymer,1991,32:2199-2204.
[26]Balika W,Pinter G,Lang R W,et al.Cyclic crack growth tests with CRB specimens for the evaluation of the long-term performance of PEpipe grades[J].Polym.Test.,2007,26:180-188.
[27]Frank A,Berger I J,Arbeiter F,et al.The cyclic cracked round bar test as a new standard for accelerated material ranking of polyethylene pipe grades[C].Anaheim,CA:75th Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers,2017.
[28]Frank A,Pinter G,Kapur M,et al.Comparison of accelerated tests for PE grades lifetime assessment[C].Barcelona:Plastics Pipes XVI,2012.
[29]Frank A,Redhead A,Kratochvilla T,et al.Accelerated material testing with cyclic CRB tests[J].Barcelona:Proceedings Plastic Pipes XVI,2012.
[30]Frank A,Berger I J,Arbeiter F,et al.Lifetime prediction of PE100and PE100-RC pipes based on slow crack growth resistance[C].Berlin:Plastic Pipes Conference PPXVIII,2016.
[31]Frank A,Redhead A,Kratichvilla T,et al.Accelerated material ranking with cyclic CRB tests[C].Barcelona:Plastics Pipes XIV,2010.
[32]Pinter G,Haager M,Balika W,et al.Cyclic crack growth tests with CRB specimens for the evaluation of the long-term performance of PEpipe grades[J].Polym.Test.,2007,26:180-188.
[2]杨文涛.HDPE管材行业的发展[J].合成树脂及塑料,2006,23(3):80-83.Yang W T.Development of HDPE tubing industry[J].Synthetic Resin and Plastics,2006,23(3):80-83.
[3]唐岩,毕丽景,李延亮.PE管材发生慢速裂纹扩展的影响因素[J].合成树脂及塑料,2003,20(3):52-54.Tang Y,Bi L J,Li Y L.Analysis of the factors inducing cracks in the polyethylene tubing[J].Synthetic Resin and Plastics,2003,20(3):52-54.
[4]Anderson U.Which factors controls the lifetime of plastic pipes and how can the lifetime be extrapolated[C].Munich:Proceedings Plastics Pipes XI,2001:311-320.
[5]赵启辉.聚乙烯承压管道及原料耐慢速裂纹增长测试标准及实验要求[J].中国塑料,2008,22(10):90-94.Chao Q H.Test standard and requirement of pressurized polyethylene piping and resistance of slow crack growth[J].China Plastics,2008,22(10):90-94.
[6]熊志敏,孙佳文,武志军,等.聚乙烯管材慢速裂纹增长性能及其评价方法[J].塑料工业,2011,39(8):10-14.Xiong Z M,Sun J W,Wu Z J,et al.Study on slow crack growth properties of polyethylene pipe and the corresponding evaluation methods[J].Plastics Industry,2011,39(8):10-14.
[7]Kratochvilla T R U,Muschik H,Dragaun H.Experiences with modified test conditions for notch pipe testing[J].Polym.Test.,2008,27:158-160.
[8]Beech S H,Clutton E Q.Interpretation of results of full notch creep test and comparison with notched pipe test[J].Plast.Rubber Compos.,2005,34:294-300.
[9]Warda L,Lu X,Brown N.Accelerated test for evaluating slow crack growth of polyethylene[J].Polym.Eng.Sci.,1990,30:1175-1179.
[10]Brown N,Zhou Z J.Tests for developing gas pipe resins[J].Plast.Rubber Compos.,2005,34:289-293.
[11]熊志敏,武志军,华晔,等.加速试验研究HDPE管材耐慢速裂纹增长性能[J].合成树脂及塑料,2016,33(4):60-63.Xiong Z M,Wu Z J,Hua Y,et al.Study on accelerated testing of slow crack growth resistance of high density polyethylene pipe[J].Synthetic Resin and Plastics,2016,33(4):60-63.
[12]Lenz J.Long-term point loads testing with plastic pipes[J].Book Inst.Mater.,2001,759:421-428.
[13]Kurelec L,Teeuwen M,Schoffeleers H,et al.Strain hardening modulus as a measure of environmental stress crack resistance of high density polyethylene[J].Polymer,2005,46:6369-6379.
[14]Deblieck R A C,Havermans D J M,Remerie K,et al.Failure mechanisms in polyolefines:the role of crazing,shear yielding and the entanglement network[J].Polymer,2011,52:2979-2990.
[15]Kurelec L,Teeuwen M,Schoffeleers H,et al.Strain hardening modulus as a measure of environmental stress crack resistance of high density polyethylene[J].Polymer,2005,46:6369-6379.
[16]Humbert S,Lame O,Vigier G.Polyethylene yielding behaviour:what is behind the correlation between yield stress and crystallinity[J].Polymer,2009,50:3755-3761.
[17]Maxwell A S,Pilkington G.Prediction of environmental stress cracking resistance in linear low density polyethylenes[J].Polym.Eng.Sci.,2008,48:360-364.
[18]Barker M B,Bowman J,Bevis M.The performance and causes of failure of polyethylene pipes subjected to constant and fluctuating internal pressure loadings[J].J.Mater.Sci.,1983,18:1095-1118.
[19]Pinter G,Haager M,Balika W,et al.Fatigue crack growth in PE-HD pipe grades[J].Plast.Rubber Compos.,2005,34:25-33.
[20]Choi B H,Balika W,Chudnovsky A,et al.The use of crack layer theory to predict the lifetime of the fatigue crack growth of high density polyethylene[J].Polym.Eng.Sci.,2010,49:1421-1428.
[21]Haager M,Pinter G,Lang R W.Ranking of PE-HD pipe grades by fatigue crack growth performance[J].Plastics Pipes XIII,2006,11.
[22]Parsons M,Stepanov E V,Hiltner A,et al.Effect of strain rate on stepwise fatigue and creep slow crack growth in high density polyethylene[J].J.Mater.Sci.,2000,35:1857-1866.
[23]Parsons M,Stepanov E,Hiltner A,et al.Correlation of stepwise fatigue and creep slow crack growth in high density polyethylene[J].J.Mater.Sci.,1999,34:3315-3326.
[24]Pinter G,Balika W,Lang R W.Temperature-fatigue interaction[M]//Remy L,Petit J.[S.l.]:Elsevier Science Ltd.and ESIS,2002:267-275.
[25]Nishimura H,Narisawa I.Evalation of impact properties of butt-fusion-jointed medium-density polyethylene pipes for gas distribution[J].Polymer,1991,32:2199-2204.
[26]Balika W,Pinter G,Lang R W,et al.Cyclic crack growth tests with CRB specimens for the evaluation of the long-term performance of PEpipe grades[J].Polym.Test.,2007,26:180-188.
[27]Frank A,Berger I J,Arbeiter F,et al.The cyclic cracked round bar test as a new standard for accelerated material ranking of polyethylene pipe grades[C].Anaheim,CA:75th Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers,2017.
[28]Frank A,Pinter G,Kapur M,et al.Comparison of accelerated tests for PE grades lifetime assessment[C].Barcelona:Plastics Pipes XVI,2012.
[29]Frank A,Redhead A,Kratochvilla T,et al.Accelerated material testing with cyclic CRB tests[J].Barcelona:Proceedings Plastic Pipes XVI,2012.
[30]Frank A,Berger I J,Arbeiter F,et al.Lifetime prediction of PE100and PE100-RC pipes based on slow crack growth resistance[C].Berlin:Plastic Pipes Conference PPXVIII,2016.
[31]Frank A,Redhead A,Kratichvilla T,et al.Accelerated material ranking with cyclic CRB tests[C].Barcelona:Plastics Pipes XIV,2010.
[32]Pinter G,Haager M,Balika W,et al.Cyclic crack growth tests with CRB specimens for the evaluation of the long-term performance of PEpipe grades[J].Polym.Test.,2007,26:180-188.