农村家庭养老的家国责任边界
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摘要
随着农村养老保障体系的建立,国(政府)进入了家庭养老供给层面。国对家承担了更多责任,这是善治发展的必然逻辑。但在家庭养老责任分配上,国与家的责任边界该划在哪里?这个边界的模糊会导致家国责任的相互推诿。通过对福利国家理论、自由主义福利观点与福利多元主义的论述,指出了三种理论在中国农村家庭养老应用中的困惑。为保障农村老人的权益,在元治理指引下,首先从物质赡养、精神赡养以及赡养人的法律责任上明确了家国责任边界;其次从制度设计、法律惩戒、政策支持以及文化倡导上明确了国在家庭养老中的责任;从提高责任意识、遵从道德和法律责任方面明确了家庭的养老责任。双方边界的厘定和责任划分,既有助于理论上的贡献,也有助于农村家庭养老责任的落实。
With the establishment of basic old-age security system in rural areas,the government has entered the family pension supply level.The state takes more responsibility to the family,which is the inevitable logic of good governance development.But in the allocation of family pension responsibility,how should we delimit the responsibility of the government and the family?The ambiguity of this boundary will lead to mutual prevarication between government and family responsibilities.According to the theory of the welfare state,the liberal welfare and welfare pluralism is discussed,and this paper points out the theoretical confusion and practical problems existing in the application of the three theories in rural family support for the aged in China.In order to protect the rights and interests of the elderly in rural areas,the following suggestions are put forward.First of all,from the aspects of material support,spiritual support and legal liability of the dependents,the boundary of responsibility between the state and the family is defined.Secondly,from the system design,legal punishment,policy support and cultural advocacy,the government's responsibility in the family support for the elderly is defined.Thirdly,from the sense of responsibility,moral responsibility should be complied with and legal responsibility be abided by in clarifying the family's pension responsibility.Determination and responsibility division of responsibilities between the two boundaries contributes not only to the theoretical contribution,but also to the implementation of rural family pension responsibility.
With the establishment of basic old-age security system in rural areas,the government has entered the family pension supply level.The state takes more responsibility to the family,which is the inevitable logic of good governance development.But in the allocation of family pension responsibility,how should we delimit the responsibility of the government and the family?The ambiguity of this boundary will lead to mutual prevarication between government and family responsibilities.According to the theory of the welfare state,the liberal welfare and welfare pluralism is discussed,and this paper points out the theoretical confusion and practical problems existing in the application of the three theories in rural family support for the aged in China.In order to protect the rights and interests of the elderly in rural areas,the following suggestions are put forward.First of all,from the aspects of material support,spiritual support and legal liability of the dependents,the boundary of responsibility between the state and the family is defined.Secondly,from the system design,legal punishment,policy support and cultural advocacy,the government's responsibility in the family support for the elderly is defined.Thirdly,from the sense of responsibility,moral responsibility should be complied with and legal responsibility be abided by in clarifying the family's pension responsibility.Determination and responsibility division of responsibilities between the two boundaries contributes not only to the theoretical contribution,but also to the implementation of rural family pension responsibility.
引文
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[2]钟曼丽.农村留守老人的生存与发展状况研究[J].湖北社会科学,2017(1):72-79.
[3]钱宁.现代社会福利思想[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2013:167.
[4]林闽钢.现代西方社会福利思想——流派与名家[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2012:115.
[5]Jane Shaw.James Buchanan and Public Choice Economics[J].Dialogue,1986,77:23.
[6]George V,Wilding P.Ideology and Social Welfare[M].London:Routledge&Kegan Paul,1985:36-40.
[7]考斯塔·艾斯平-安德森.福利资本主义的三个世界[M].郑秉文,译.北京:法律出版社,2003:29.
[8]王家峰.福利国家改革:福利多元主义及其反思[J].经济社会体制比较,2009(5):85-90.
[9]Beresford P,Croft S.Welfare Pluralism:The New Face of Fabianism[J].Critical Social Policy,1983(9):19-39.
[10]徐勇.中国老年人的政治意识与行为[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2015:208-209.
[11]张五常.关于中国经济的建议[EB/OL].[2016-03-23].http://www.aisixiang.com/data/98028.html.
[12]彼得·亚伯拉罕.斯堪的纳维亚模式终结了吗?——论北欧国家的福利改革[J].殷晓清,译.南京师范大学报,2007(5):16-22.
[13]E Allardt,R Alapuro.Small States in Comparative Perspective:Essays for Erik Allardt[M].Oslo:Norwegian University Press,1985.
[14]甄言.对“北欧模式”的再认识[N].北京日报,2008-12-29(18).
[15]G Gerrard Hendrik Hofstede.Culture and Organization[M].New York:Mac Graw Hill,1997:53.
[16]Wilensky H L.The Welfare State and Equality[M].Berkeley:University of California Press,1975:146.
[17]朴炳铉.社会福利与文化——用文化解析社会福利的发展[M].高春兰,译.北京:商务印书馆,2012:145.
[18]彭华民.西方社会福利理论前沿——论国家、社会、体制与政策[M].北京:中国社会出版社,2009:13.
[19]Philip Harling.The Modern British State[M].Oxford:Polity Press,2001:175.
[20]哈贝马斯.合法化危机[M].曹卫东,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2000:56.
[21]弗兰茨—克萨维尔·考夫曼.社会福利国家面临的挑战[M].王学东,译.北京:商务印书馆,2004:22-25.
[22]汉斯彼得马丁,哈拉尔特舒曼.全球化陷阱——对民主和福利的进攻[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2001:8.
[23]莱斯特·M·萨拉蒙.公共服务中的伙伴:现代福利国家中政府与非营利组织的关系[M].田凯,译.北京:商务印书馆,2008:47-50.
[24]王诗宗.治理理论的内在矛盾及其出路[J].哲学研究,2008(2):83-89.
[25]郁建兴.治理与国家建构的张力[J].马克思主义与现实,2008(1):86-94.
[26]黄宗智.道德与法律:中国的过去与现在[J].开放时代,2015(1):75-94.
[27]韩艳.中国养老服务政策的演进路径和发展方向[J].东南学术,2015(4):43-50.
[28]鲁丽玲.优化社会保障制度设计:核心在于明确政府责任[N].中国社会报,2007-02-13(3).
[29]姚引妹.经济较发达地区农村空巢老人的养老问题——以浙江农村为例[J].人口研究,2006(6):39-48.
[30]罗伯特·贝拉.美国透视——个人主义的困境[M].张来举,译,北京:社会科学文献出版社,1992:62.
[31]麦金太尔.寻求美德[M].宋继杰,译,南京:译林出版社,2003:42.
[32]中共中央国务院.习近平发表重要讲话[EB/OL].[2015-02-17].http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-02/17/c1114401705.htm.
[33]亚里士多德.尼各马可伦理学[M].廖申白,译注.北京:商务印书馆,2003:26.
[34]康德.道德形而上学原理[M].苗力田,译,上海:上海人民出版社,1986:6.