草原补奖政策对牧民减畜意愿的影响——以内蒙古自治区为例
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摘要
本文用内蒙古自治区草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原、沙地草原和草原化荒漠5大草原类型的15个旗(县)844户牧民调查数据,通过建立二元Logit回归模型分析草原补奖政策对牧户减畜意愿的影响。研究表明,草原补奖政策能对牧民减畜意愿起到激励效果,即在第二轮草原补奖政策的实施下牧民愿意减少家畜数量,且获得更高的草原补奖资金的牧民减畜意愿更高;汉族牧民比蒙和满族牧民的减畜愿意更高;家庭总收入对减畜意愿有显著负向影响,且草场资源丰富、家庭总收入较低和畜牧业依赖程度较弱的牧民减畜意愿更高;草原类型值对牧民的减畜意愿有显著正向影响,位于较低草原生产力草原类型的牧民的减畜意愿更高。建议继续推行并完善草原补奖政策,改变福利式的补奖方式,提高政策目标的瞄准性。
Based on the survey data of 844 herdsmen in 15 banners(counties)of meadow steppe,typical steppe,desert steppe,Sandy Steppe and grassland desert in Inner Mongolia,this paper analyzes the influence of grassland ecological compensation policy on herdsmen's willingness to reduce livestock by establishing binary logit regression model.The results showed that:The grassland subsidy policy can stimulate herdsmen's willingness to reduce livestock.That is to say,herdsmen who are willing to reduce the number of livestock and obtain higher grassland subsidy funds are more willing to reduce livestock under the implementation of the second round of grassland subsidy policy.Han herdsmen are more willing to reduce livestock than Mongolian and Manchu herdsmen.The total family income has a significant negative impact on the willingness to reduce livestock,and the herdsmen with abundant grassland resources,low family income and weak dependence on animal husbandry have a higher willingness to reduce livestock.The value of grassland type had a significant effect on herdsmen's willingness to reduce livestock,and herdsmen with lower productivity had a higher willingness to reduce livestock.It is suggested that we should continue to carry out and improve the policy of granting prizes to grasslands,change the way of granting prizes in the form of welfare,and improve the aim of the policy.
Based on the survey data of 844 herdsmen in 15 banners(counties)of meadow steppe,typical steppe,desert steppe,Sandy Steppe and grassland desert in Inner Mongolia,this paper analyzes the influence of grassland ecological compensation policy on herdsmen's willingness to reduce livestock by establishing binary logit regression model.The results showed that:The grassland subsidy policy can stimulate herdsmen's willingness to reduce livestock.That is to say,herdsmen who are willing to reduce the number of livestock and obtain higher grassland subsidy funds are more willing to reduce livestock under the implementation of the second round of grassland subsidy policy.Han herdsmen are more willing to reduce livestock than Mongolian and Manchu herdsmen.The total family income has a significant negative impact on the willingness to reduce livestock,and the herdsmen with abundant grassland resources,low family income and weak dependence on animal husbandry have a higher willingness to reduce livestock.The value of grassland type had a significant effect on herdsmen's willingness to reduce livestock,and herdsmen with lower productivity had a higher willingness to reduce livestock.It is suggested that we should continue to carry out and improve the policy of granting prizes to grasslands,change the way of granting prizes in the form of welfare,and improve the aim of the policy.
引文
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[3]Ding W Q,Li P,Ren W P,et al.Evaluation of the livelihood vulnerability of pastoral households in Northern China to natural disasters and climate change[J].The Rangeland Journal,2014,(36):535-543
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[10]韦惠兰,宗鑫.草原生态补偿政策下政府与牧民之间的激励不相容问题:以甘肃玛曲县为例[J].农村经济,2014(11):102-106
[11]王加亭,王宗礼,徐林波,丁勇.草原生态补助奖励机制落实中的问题与对策---基于锡林浩特市牧户的调查实证分析[J].中国草地学报.2016,38(2),1-7
[12]Engel S,Pagiola S,Wunder S.Designing payments for environmental services in theory and practice:An overview of the issues[J].Ecological Economics,2008(65):663-674
[13]杨理,侯向阳.对草畜平衡管理模式的反思[J].中国农村经济.2005,(9):62-66
[14]杨理,侯向阳.以草定畜的若干理论问题研究[J].中国农学通报.2005,21(3):346-349
[15]王楚含,徐海量,徐福军,白玉锋,苑塏烨,赵新风.放牧对草地生态经济价值的影响-以新疆阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区为例[J].草地学报,2017,25(1):42-48
[16]王晓毅.从承包到“再集中”---中国北方草原环境保护政策分析[J].中国农村观察.2009,(3):36-46
[17]王晓毅.环境与社会:一个“难缠”的问题[J].江苏社会科学.2014,(5):25-29
[18]王海春,高博,祁晓慧,等.草原生态保护补助奖励机制对牧户减畜行为影响的实证分析---基于内蒙古260户牧户调查[J].农业经济问题,2017,12:73-80
[19]王丹,王征兵,赵晓锋.草原生态保护补奖政策对牧户生产决策行为的影响研究---以青海省为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(3):70-76
[20]Viaggi D,Raggi M,Paloma S G Y.Farm-household investment behaviour and the CAP decoupling:Methodological issues in assessing policy impact[J].Journal of Policy Modeling,2011,33(1):127-145
[21]Vanslembrouck I,Huylenbroeck G V,Verbeke W.Determinants of the willingness of Belgian farmers to participate in agri-environmental measures[J].Journal of Agricultural E-conomics,2010,53(3):489-511
[22]Gao L,Kinnucan H W,Zhang Y,et al.The effects of a subsidy for grassland protection on livestock numbers,grazing intensity,and herders’income in inner Mongolia[J].Land Use Policy,2016,54:302-312
[23]Breustedt G,Glauben T.Driving forces behind exiting from farming in Western Europe[J].Journal of Agricultural Economics,2007,58(1):115-127
[24]Mcpeak J G,Doss C R.Are household production decisions cooperative?Evidence on pastoral migration and milk sales from northern Kenya[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2010,88(3):525-541
[25]任继周,胡自治,牟新待,等.草原综合顺序分类法及其草原发生学意义[J].中国草原,1980,3(1):12-24
[26]阎建忠,吴莹莹,张镱锂,等.青藏高原东部样带农牧民生计的多样化[J].地理学报,2010,20(5):757-770
[27]银山,香宝,雷军,阿拉腾图雅,等.内蒙古自然灾害综合分区与评价[J].资源科学,2002,24(3):31-35
[28]侯向阳,尹燕亭,王婷婷.北方草原牧户心理载畜率与草畜平衡生态管理途径[J].生态学报,2015,35(24):8036-8047
[29]侯向阳,尹燕亭,运向军,等.北方草原牧户心理载畜率与草畜平衡模式转移研究[J].中国草地学报,2013(1):1-11
[30]侯向阳.发展草原生态畜牧业是解决草原退化困境的有效途径[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(4):1-9
[31]Macdonald K A,Beca D,Penno J W,et al.Effect of stocking rate on the economics of pasture-based dairy farms[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(5):2581-2586
[2]丁文强.我国北方草原区牧户脆弱性评价---以内蒙古荒漠草原区为例[D].兰州,兰州大学,2012:16-27
[3]Ding W Q,Li P,Ren W P,et al.Evaluation of the livelihood vulnerability of pastoral households in Northern China to natural disasters and climate change[J].The Rangeland Journal,2014,(36):535-543
[4]侯向阳,丁勇,吴新宏,等.北方草原区气候变化影响与适应[M].北京,科学出版社,2014:108-137
[5]刘爱军.内蒙古草原生态保护补助奖励效应及其问题解析[J].草原与草业,2014,(2):4-8
[6]魏琦,侯向阳.建立中国草原生态补偿长效机制的思考[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(18):3719-3726
[7]胡振通,孔德帅,魏同洋,靳乐山.草原生态补偿:减畜和补偿的对等关系[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(11),2846-1859
[8]胡振通,孔德帅,靳乐山.草原生态补偿:弱监管下的博弈分析[J].农业经济问题,2016(1),95-102
[9]胡振通,柳荻,靳乐山.草原生态补偿:生态绩效、收入影响和政策满意度[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(1):165-176
[10]韦惠兰,宗鑫.草原生态补偿政策下政府与牧民之间的激励不相容问题:以甘肃玛曲县为例[J].农村经济,2014(11):102-106
[11]王加亭,王宗礼,徐林波,丁勇.草原生态补助奖励机制落实中的问题与对策---基于锡林浩特市牧户的调查实证分析[J].中国草地学报.2016,38(2),1-7
[12]Engel S,Pagiola S,Wunder S.Designing payments for environmental services in theory and practice:An overview of the issues[J].Ecological Economics,2008(65):663-674
[13]杨理,侯向阳.对草畜平衡管理模式的反思[J].中国农村经济.2005,(9):62-66
[14]杨理,侯向阳.以草定畜的若干理论问题研究[J].中国农学通报.2005,21(3):346-349
[15]王楚含,徐海量,徐福军,白玉锋,苑塏烨,赵新风.放牧对草地生态经济价值的影响-以新疆阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区为例[J].草地学报,2017,25(1):42-48
[16]王晓毅.从承包到“再集中”---中国北方草原环境保护政策分析[J].中国农村观察.2009,(3):36-46
[17]王晓毅.环境与社会:一个“难缠”的问题[J].江苏社会科学.2014,(5):25-29
[18]王海春,高博,祁晓慧,等.草原生态保护补助奖励机制对牧户减畜行为影响的实证分析---基于内蒙古260户牧户调查[J].农业经济问题,2017,12:73-80
[19]王丹,王征兵,赵晓锋.草原生态保护补奖政策对牧户生产决策行为的影响研究---以青海省为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(3):70-76
[20]Viaggi D,Raggi M,Paloma S G Y.Farm-household investment behaviour and the CAP decoupling:Methodological issues in assessing policy impact[J].Journal of Policy Modeling,2011,33(1):127-145
[21]Vanslembrouck I,Huylenbroeck G V,Verbeke W.Determinants of the willingness of Belgian farmers to participate in agri-environmental measures[J].Journal of Agricultural E-conomics,2010,53(3):489-511
[22]Gao L,Kinnucan H W,Zhang Y,et al.The effects of a subsidy for grassland protection on livestock numbers,grazing intensity,and herders’income in inner Mongolia[J].Land Use Policy,2016,54:302-312
[23]Breustedt G,Glauben T.Driving forces behind exiting from farming in Western Europe[J].Journal of Agricultural Economics,2007,58(1):115-127
[24]Mcpeak J G,Doss C R.Are household production decisions cooperative?Evidence on pastoral migration and milk sales from northern Kenya[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2010,88(3):525-541
[25]任继周,胡自治,牟新待,等.草原综合顺序分类法及其草原发生学意义[J].中国草原,1980,3(1):12-24
[26]阎建忠,吴莹莹,张镱锂,等.青藏高原东部样带农牧民生计的多样化[J].地理学报,2010,20(5):757-770
[27]银山,香宝,雷军,阿拉腾图雅,等.内蒙古自然灾害综合分区与评价[J].资源科学,2002,24(3):31-35
[28]侯向阳,尹燕亭,王婷婷.北方草原牧户心理载畜率与草畜平衡生态管理途径[J].生态学报,2015,35(24):8036-8047
[29]侯向阳,尹燕亭,运向军,等.北方草原牧户心理载畜率与草畜平衡模式转移研究[J].中国草地学报,2013(1):1-11
[30]侯向阳.发展草原生态畜牧业是解决草原退化困境的有效途径[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(4):1-9
[31]Macdonald K A,Beca D,Penno J W,et al.Effect of stocking rate on the economics of pasture-based dairy farms[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(5):2581-2586