“嫦娥五号”月球探测器隔热组件高温模拟与控制技术
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摘要
"嫦娥五号"月球探测器在着陆时要承受相当大的着陆冲击载荷,一般采用大推力器来降低其着陆速度。推力器附近的隔热组件由于受到辐射和羽流的综合影响,其温度会在140 s内达到1000℃左右。文章利用在真空条件下红外加热的方法,采用非线性变增益PID控制器对隔热组件进行温度控制,以模拟发动机工作的温度边界条件。为此,研究了红外灯加热器的动态特性和高精度快速温度控制算法,并在真空容器内搭建高温模拟与控制系统,进行了该模拟方法的试验测试及验证。研究结果表明:对于970℃的目标温度,控制算法使隔热组件温度达到稳定状态的时间为135 s,超调量为0.5℃,在实际试验中取得良好的控制效果。
The Chang'E-5 lunar lander is subjected to a considerable impact load during landing, and a highthrust thruster is generally used to reduce its landing speed. In the thermal insulation component near the thruster,affected by the radiation and the plume, a temperature as high as 1000 ℃ would likely be reached within 140 seconds.In this paper, an infrared lamp under vacuum conditions is used to simulate the high temperature, with a nonlinear PID controller to control the temperature of the multilayer insulation for simulating the temperature boundary condition of the thruster. The dynamic characteristics of the infrared lamp heater are revealed by the highprecision fast temperature control algorithm. The high temperature simulation and control system is built in the vacuum chamber, and the test and the verification of the method are carried out. It is shown that for the target temperature of 970 ℃, the control algorithm ensures that the temperature of the multilayer insulation reaches its steady state in not more than 135 seconds, with an overshoot is smaller than 0.5 ℃, which means a good control effect in the actual test.
The Chang'E-5 lunar lander is subjected to a considerable impact load during landing, and a highthrust thruster is generally used to reduce its landing speed. In the thermal insulation component near the thruster,affected by the radiation and the plume, a temperature as high as 1000 ℃ would likely be reached within 140 seconds.In this paper, an infrared lamp under vacuum conditions is used to simulate the high temperature, with a nonlinear PID controller to control the temperature of the multilayer insulation for simulating the temperature boundary condition of the thruster. The dynamic characteristics of the infrared lamp heater are revealed by the highprecision fast temperature control algorithm. The high temperature simulation and control system is built in the vacuum chamber, and the test and the verification of the method are carried out. It is shown that for the target temperature of 970 ℃, the control algorithm ensures that the temperature of the multilayer insulation reaches its steady state in not more than 135 seconds, with an overshoot is smaller than 0.5 ℃, which means a good control effect in the actual test.
引文
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[2]LARRY H,CRAIG S.Thermal-mechanical testing of hypersonic vehicle structures:NASA 2008-13159[R],2008
[3]SAWYER J W,HODGE J,MOORE B,et a1.Aerothermal test of thermal protection system for X-33 reusable launch vehicle[C]//AIP Conference Proceedings,1999,458:1087-1100
[4]ANFIMOV N A,KISLYKH V V,ZEMLYANSKY B A.Methods and means for studying flying vehicles heat transfer at hypersonic velocities:AIAA l999-4891[R],1999
[5]KRATZ W,DIENZ M.Application of a flexible digital control and data acquisition system for thermo-mechanical hot structure testing:AIAA 1993-5134[R],1993
[6]刘守文,尹晓芳,裴一飞,等.基于蒙特卡罗方法的红外灯热流分布研究[J].宇航学报,2010,31(2):608-614LIU S W,YIN X F,PEI Y F,et al.The study of heat flux distribution for infrared lamp based on Monte Carlo method[J].Journal of Astronautics,2010,31(2):608-614
[7]刘守文,裴一飞,孙来燕.航天器真空热试验用红外灯光谱分布研究[J].宇航学报,2010,31(1):254-258LIU S W,PEI Y F,SUN L Y.Research on spectral pattern of infrared lamp for thermal vacuum test of spacecraft[J].Journal of Astronautics,2010,31(1):254-258
[8]季月明.航天器热环境试验温度控制方法的研究[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2003:40-42
[9]张军,张春莹,朱熙,等.分段自适应PID控制器及其在航天产品真空热试验中的应用[J].航天器环境工程,2014,31(3):283-286ZHANG J,ZHANG C Y,ZHU X,et al.Piecewise adaptive PID controller and its application in thermal vacuum test of space products[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2014,31(3):283-286
[10]KAWASHIMA T,WANG A,WAKIMOTO S,et al.Sensorless nonlinear control for a miniature pneumatic curling rubber actuator using robust right coprime factorization and SVR estimation[J].IEEJ Transactions on Electronics,Information and Systems,2013,133(10):1924-1929
[11]LI L,LIAN J,WANG M M,et al.Fuzzy sliding mode lateral control of intelligent vehicle based on vision[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2013,5(1):2168-2174
[12]MOHAMED T,MANAN N F A,MOHAMED A,et al.Development of auto tuning PID controller using graphical user interface[J].International Journal of Information Electronics Engineering,2013,3(4):382-385