自震式微震监测技术及其在浅埋煤层动载矿压预测中的应用
|
摘要
震源定位是利用微震监测技术研究煤岩体破裂机制、分析矿震活动规律、预测煤岩动力灾害的基础。为了提高微震监测系统的定位精度,提出一种自震式微震监测技术,利用自激震源发射震动信号反演监测区域波速场,再将反演的波速场应用于微震定位计算。根据自震式微震监测技术研发出KJ768煤矿微震监测系统。在一定的拾振器网度和空间布置条件下,通过煤矿井下定点爆破和同类监测系统对比试验,测得KJ768微震监测系统的定位误差小于10 m。基于开发的KJ768煤矿微震监测系统开展浅埋煤层动载矿压预测,通过现场实测,研究微震监测结果和工作面矿压观测结果的关联关系,选定微震事件数和微震总能量作为周期来压和动载矿压的监测预警指标,并确定了预警阈值,准确预测了3次动载矿压和近20次周期来压,为防治异常矿压显现提供了借鉴。
Microseismic monitoring technology is widely used in the coal mine safety and coal-rock dynamic disasters prediction.Source location is the basis of application of microseismic monitoring technology to study the fracture mechanism of coal and rock mass,analyze the law of mine activity and forecast the coal and rock dynamic disasters.In order to improve the source location accuracy of the microseismic monitoring system,a self-shocking microseismic monitoring technique was proposed.In this technique,a self-excited source was used to transmit the vibration signals which were used to inverse the wave velocity field of the monitoring area,and the inversed wave velocity field was applied to calculate the location of the microseismic source. Based on this technology,a coal mine microseismic monitoring system named KJ768 was developed.Both the fixed point blasting underground and comparison test of similar monitoring system were adopted to monitor the positioning accuracy of the KJ768 microseismic monitoring system,and the results shown that under a certain detector net and space arrangement its positioning accuracy could reach less than 10 m.The developed KJ768 coal mine microseismic monitoring system was applied to predict dynamic mining pressures in shallow coal seam.After the experimental study on the relationship between the results of the microseismic monitoring andthe working face pressure observation,the numbers and total energy of microseismic events were selected as the period indexes of the cycle pressure and dynamic mining pressure,and the warning threshold were also determined. Finally,three times of dynamic mining pressure and nearly 20 times of cycle pressure were accurately predicted,which had provided a scientific basis and effective guidance for the prevention and control of abnormal mining pressures.
Microseismic monitoring technology is widely used in the coal mine safety and coal-rock dynamic disasters prediction.Source location is the basis of application of microseismic monitoring technology to study the fracture mechanism of coal and rock mass,analyze the law of mine activity and forecast the coal and rock dynamic disasters.In order to improve the source location accuracy of the microseismic monitoring system,a self-shocking microseismic monitoring technique was proposed.In this technique,a self-excited source was used to transmit the vibration signals which were used to inverse the wave velocity field of the monitoring area,and the inversed wave velocity field was applied to calculate the location of the microseismic source. Based on this technology,a coal mine microseismic monitoring system named KJ768 was developed.Both the fixed point blasting underground and comparison test of similar monitoring system were adopted to monitor the positioning accuracy of the KJ768 microseismic monitoring system,and the results shown that under a certain detector net and space arrangement its positioning accuracy could reach less than 10 m.The developed KJ768 coal mine microseismic monitoring system was applied to predict dynamic mining pressures in shallow coal seam.After the experimental study on the relationship between the results of the microseismic monitoring andthe working face pressure observation,the numbers and total energy of microseismic events were selected as the period indexes of the cycle pressure and dynamic mining pressure,and the warning threshold were also determined. Finally,three times of dynamic mining pressure and nearly 20 times of cycle pressure were accurately predicted,which had provided a scientific basis and effective guidance for the prevention and control of abnormal mining pressures.
引文
[1]袁瑞甫,李化敏,李怀珍.煤柱型冲击地压微震信号分布特征及前兆信息判别[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):80-85.YUAN Ruifu,LI Huamin,LI Huaizhen.Distribution of microseismic signal and discrimination of portentous information of pillar type rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):80-85.
[2]DOU Linming,MOU Zonglong,LI Zhenlei,et al.Research progress of monitoring,forecasting,and prevention of rockburst in underground coal mining in China[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2014,1(3):278-288.
[3]夏永学,康立军,齐庆新,等.基于微震监测的5个指标及其在冲击地压预测中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2011-2016.XIA Yongxue,KANG Lijun,QI Qingxin,et al.Five indexes of microseismic and their application in rock burst forecastion[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2011-2016.
[4]姜福兴,王存文,杨淑华,等.冲击地压及煤与瓦斯突出和透水的微震监测技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2007,35(1):26-28,100.JIANG Fuxing,WANG Cunwen,YANG Shuhua,et al.Micro seismic monitoring and measuring technology for pumping pressure,coal and gas outburst and water inrush[J].Coal Science and Technology,2007,35(1):26-28,100.
[5]马天辉,唐春安,唐烈先,等.基于微震监测技术的岩爆预测机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(3):470-483.MA Tianhui,TANG Chunan,TANG Liexian,et al.Mechanism of rock burst forcasting based on micro-seismic monitoring technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(3):470-483.
[6]于洋,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,等.深埋隧洞不同开挖方式下即时型岩爆微震信息特征及能量分形研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(9):2622-2628.YU Yang,FENG Xiating,CHEN Bingrui,et al.Analysis of energy fractal and microseismic information characteristics about immediate rockbursts in deep tunnels with different excavation methods[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2622-2628.
[7]邓志刚,齐庆新,赵善坤,等.自震式微震监测技术在煤矿动力灾害预警应用研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(7):92-96.DENG Zhigang,QI Qingxin,ZHAO Shankun,et al.Initiative micro seismic monitoring technology applied to early warning of mine dynamic disaster[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(7):92-96.
[8]窦林名,何江,巩思园,等.采空区突水动力灾害的微震监测案例研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(1):20-25.DOU Linming,HE Jiang,GONG Siyuan,et al.A case study of micro-seismic monitoring:Goaf water-inrush dynamic hazards[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(1):20-25.
[9]LI Huigui,LI Huamin.Mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of thick hard roof sandstone in Shendong coal field[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2017,4(2):147-158.
[10]孔令海,齐庆新,姜福兴,等.长壁工作面采空区见方形成异常来压的微震监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(S2):3889-3896.KONG Linghai,QI Qingxin,JIANG Fuxing,et al.Abnormal strata stress resulted from goaf square of longwall face based on microseismic monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(S2):3889-3896.
[11]潘一山,赵扬锋,官福海,等.矿震监测定位系统的研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1002-1011.PAN Yishan,ZHAO Yangfeng,GUAN Fuhai,et al.Study of rockburst monitoring and orientation system and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1002-1011.
[12]贾宝新,李国臻.矿山地震监测台站的空间分布研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2045-2048.JIA Baoxin,LI Guozhen.The research and application for spatial distribution of mines seismic monitoring stations[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2045-2048.
[13]宋银林,王传朋,邓志刚,等.微震初至波在岩层中的传播路径研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2012,40(6):15-18.SONG Yinlin,WANG Chuanpeng,DENG Zhigang,et al.Study on spreading route of micro-seismic initial arrival wave in rock strata[J].Coal Science and Technology,2012,40(6):15-18.
[14]MENDECKI A J.Seismic monitoring in mines[M].London:Chapman and Hall Press,1997.
[15]KIJKO A,SCIOCATTI M.Optimal spatial distribution of seismic stations in mines[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.and Mining Sci.and Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(6):607-615.
[16]唐礼忠,杨承祥,潘长良.大规模深井开采微震监测系统站网布置优化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2036-2042.TANG Lizhong,YANG Chengxiang,PAN Changliang.Optimization of microseiismic monitoring network for large-scale deep well mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2036-2042.
[17]巩思园,窦林名,马小平,等.提高煤矿微震定位精度的最优通道个数选取研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2017-2021.GONG Siyuan,DOU Linming,MA Xiaoping,et al.The method to identify the optimal channel numbers for increasing the location accuracy of microseismic events in coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2017-2021.
[18]巩思园,窦林名,马小平,等.提高煤矿微震定位精度的台网优化布置算法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):8-17.GONG Siyuan,DOU Linming,MA Xiaoping,et al.Optimization algorithm of network configuration for improving location accuracy of microseism in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):8-17.
[19]谢兴楠,叶根喜,柳建新.矿山尺度下微震定位精度及稳定性控制初探[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(5):899-904.XIE Xingnan,YE Genxi,LIU Jianxin.On control of accuracy and stability of microseismic location in a mining scale[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(5):899-904.
[20]朱权洁,姜福兴,王存文,等.微震波自动拾取与多通道联合定位优化[J].2013,38(3):397-403.ZHU Quanjie,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Cunwen,et al.Automated microseismic event arrival picking and multichannel recognition and location[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(3):397-403.
[21]朱权洁,姜福兴,缪华祥,等.基于聚类分析的微震定位二次优化研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(2):196-202.ZHU Quanjie,JIANG Fuxing,MIAO Huaxiang,et al.Quadratic optimization of mining microseismic source positioning based on cluster analysis[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(2):196-202.
[22]李楠,王恩元,孙珍玉,等.基于L1范数统计的单纯形微震震源定位方法[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(12):2431-2438.LI Nan,WANG Enyuan,SUN Zhenyu,et al.Simplex microseismic source location method based on L1 norm statistical standard[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(12):2431-2438.
[23]李楠,王恩元,GE Maochen,等.微震震源定位可靠性综合评价模型[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(11):1940-1946.LI Nan,WANG Enyuan,GE Maochen,et al.A comprehensive evaluation model for microseismic source location reliability[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(11):1940-1946.
[24]董陇军,李夕兵,唐礼忠,等.无需预先测速的微震震源定位的数学形式及震源参数确定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2057-2067.DONG Longjun,LI Xibing,TANG Lizhong,et al.Mathematical functions and parameters for microseismic source location without premeasuring speed[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2057-2067.
[25]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,李庶林,等.基于粒子群算法的岩体微震源分层定位方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(4):740-749.CHEN Bingrui,FENG Xiating,LI Shulin,et al.Microseism source location with hierarchical strategy based on particle swarm optimization[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(4):740-749.
[26]周民都,张元生,张树勋.遗传算法在地震定位中的应用[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(2):167-171.ZHOU Mindu,ZHANG Yuansheng,ZHANG Shuxun.Application of the genetic algorithm to seismic location[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1999,21(2):167-171.
[27]林峰,李庶林,薛云亮,等.基于不同初值的微震源定位方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):996-1002.LIN Feng,LI Shulin,XUE Yunliang,et al.Microseismic sources location method basced on different initial values[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):996-1002.
[2]DOU Linming,MOU Zonglong,LI Zhenlei,et al.Research progress of monitoring,forecasting,and prevention of rockburst in underground coal mining in China[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2014,1(3):278-288.
[3]夏永学,康立军,齐庆新,等.基于微震监测的5个指标及其在冲击地压预测中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2011-2016.XIA Yongxue,KANG Lijun,QI Qingxin,et al.Five indexes of microseismic and their application in rock burst forecastion[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2011-2016.
[4]姜福兴,王存文,杨淑华,等.冲击地压及煤与瓦斯突出和透水的微震监测技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2007,35(1):26-28,100.JIANG Fuxing,WANG Cunwen,YANG Shuhua,et al.Micro seismic monitoring and measuring technology for pumping pressure,coal and gas outburst and water inrush[J].Coal Science and Technology,2007,35(1):26-28,100.
[5]马天辉,唐春安,唐烈先,等.基于微震监测技术的岩爆预测机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(3):470-483.MA Tianhui,TANG Chunan,TANG Liexian,et al.Mechanism of rock burst forcasting based on micro-seismic monitoring technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(3):470-483.
[6]于洋,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,等.深埋隧洞不同开挖方式下即时型岩爆微震信息特征及能量分形研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(9):2622-2628.YU Yang,FENG Xiating,CHEN Bingrui,et al.Analysis of energy fractal and microseismic information characteristics about immediate rockbursts in deep tunnels with different excavation methods[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2622-2628.
[7]邓志刚,齐庆新,赵善坤,等.自震式微震监测技术在煤矿动力灾害预警应用研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(7):92-96.DENG Zhigang,QI Qingxin,ZHAO Shankun,et al.Initiative micro seismic monitoring technology applied to early warning of mine dynamic disaster[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(7):92-96.
[8]窦林名,何江,巩思园,等.采空区突水动力灾害的微震监测案例研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(1):20-25.DOU Linming,HE Jiang,GONG Siyuan,et al.A case study of micro-seismic monitoring:Goaf water-inrush dynamic hazards[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(1):20-25.
[9]LI Huigui,LI Huamin.Mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of thick hard roof sandstone in Shendong coal field[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2017,4(2):147-158.
[10]孔令海,齐庆新,姜福兴,等.长壁工作面采空区见方形成异常来压的微震监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(S2):3889-3896.KONG Linghai,QI Qingxin,JIANG Fuxing,et al.Abnormal strata stress resulted from goaf square of longwall face based on microseismic monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(S2):3889-3896.
[11]潘一山,赵扬锋,官福海,等.矿震监测定位系统的研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1002-1011.PAN Yishan,ZHAO Yangfeng,GUAN Fuhai,et al.Study of rockburst monitoring and orientation system and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1002-1011.
[12]贾宝新,李国臻.矿山地震监测台站的空间分布研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2045-2048.JIA Baoxin,LI Guozhen.The research and application for spatial distribution of mines seismic monitoring stations[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2045-2048.
[13]宋银林,王传朋,邓志刚,等.微震初至波在岩层中的传播路径研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2012,40(6):15-18.SONG Yinlin,WANG Chuanpeng,DENG Zhigang,et al.Study on spreading route of micro-seismic initial arrival wave in rock strata[J].Coal Science and Technology,2012,40(6):15-18.
[14]MENDECKI A J.Seismic monitoring in mines[M].London:Chapman and Hall Press,1997.
[15]KIJKO A,SCIOCATTI M.Optimal spatial distribution of seismic stations in mines[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.and Mining Sci.and Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(6):607-615.
[16]唐礼忠,杨承祥,潘长良.大规模深井开采微震监测系统站网布置优化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2036-2042.TANG Lizhong,YANG Chengxiang,PAN Changliang.Optimization of microseiismic monitoring network for large-scale deep well mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2036-2042.
[17]巩思园,窦林名,马小平,等.提高煤矿微震定位精度的最优通道个数选取研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2017-2021.GONG Siyuan,DOU Linming,MA Xiaoping,et al.The method to identify the optimal channel numbers for increasing the location accuracy of microseismic events in coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2017-2021.
[18]巩思园,窦林名,马小平,等.提高煤矿微震定位精度的台网优化布置算法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):8-17.GONG Siyuan,DOU Linming,MA Xiaoping,et al.Optimization algorithm of network configuration for improving location accuracy of microseism in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):8-17.
[19]谢兴楠,叶根喜,柳建新.矿山尺度下微震定位精度及稳定性控制初探[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(5):899-904.XIE Xingnan,YE Genxi,LIU Jianxin.On control of accuracy and stability of microseismic location in a mining scale[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(5):899-904.
[20]朱权洁,姜福兴,王存文,等.微震波自动拾取与多通道联合定位优化[J].2013,38(3):397-403.ZHU Quanjie,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Cunwen,et al.Automated microseismic event arrival picking and multichannel recognition and location[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(3):397-403.
[21]朱权洁,姜福兴,缪华祥,等.基于聚类分析的微震定位二次优化研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(2):196-202.ZHU Quanjie,JIANG Fuxing,MIAO Huaxiang,et al.Quadratic optimization of mining microseismic source positioning based on cluster analysis[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(2):196-202.
[22]李楠,王恩元,孙珍玉,等.基于L1范数统计的单纯形微震震源定位方法[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(12):2431-2438.LI Nan,WANG Enyuan,SUN Zhenyu,et al.Simplex microseismic source location method based on L1 norm statistical standard[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(12):2431-2438.
[23]李楠,王恩元,GE Maochen,等.微震震源定位可靠性综合评价模型[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(11):1940-1946.LI Nan,WANG Enyuan,GE Maochen,et al.A comprehensive evaluation model for microseismic source location reliability[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(11):1940-1946.
[24]董陇军,李夕兵,唐礼忠,等.无需预先测速的微震震源定位的数学形式及震源参数确定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2057-2067.DONG Longjun,LI Xibing,TANG Lizhong,et al.Mathematical functions and parameters for microseismic source location without premeasuring speed[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2057-2067.
[25]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,李庶林,等.基于粒子群算法的岩体微震源分层定位方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(4):740-749.CHEN Bingrui,FENG Xiating,LI Shulin,et al.Microseism source location with hierarchical strategy based on particle swarm optimization[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(4):740-749.
[26]周民都,张元生,张树勋.遗传算法在地震定位中的应用[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(2):167-171.ZHOU Mindu,ZHANG Yuansheng,ZHANG Shuxun.Application of the genetic algorithm to seismic location[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1999,21(2):167-171.
[27]林峰,李庶林,薛云亮,等.基于不同初值的微震源定位方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):996-1002.LIN Feng,LI Shulin,XUE Yunliang,et al.Microseismic sources location method basced on different initial values[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):996-1002.