ZnCl_2活化玉米秸秆炭化物的制备及其储锂性能研究
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摘要
以玉米秸秆为原料,经高温煅烧制备了玉米秸秆炭化物(C1)和ZnCl_2活化玉米秸秆炭化物(C2)。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N2等温吸-脱附测试和恒电流充放电对材料进行结构、电化学性能分析。结果表明:C2具有较大的比表面积(425.06 m2·g~(-1))和丰富的孔道结构;电流密度为100 mA·g~(-1)时,C1和C2的首次放电和充电比容量分别为540.2 mAh·g~(-1),277.2 mAh·g~(-1)和1 156.0 mAh·g~(-1),517.6 mAh·g~(-1); 600 mA·g~(-1)电流密度下循环300次后,C2的放电比容量可保持在379.8 mAh·g~(-1),C2具有较高的可逆比容量和良好的循环稳定性。
The corn straw carbides(C1,C2) were prepared by high temperature calcination and activation with ZnCl_2,using corn straw as a raw material.The structure and electrochemical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),nitrogen adsorption/desorption and constant current charge/discharge method.The results showed that C2 has porous flaky structure owning a high surface area of 425.06 m2·g~(-1).At a current density of 100 m A·g~(-1),the initial discharge and charge capacities of C1 are 540.2 m Ah·g~(-1) and 277.2 m Ah·g~(-1),respectively,and those for C2 are 1 156.0 m Ah·g~(-1) and 517.6 m Ah·g~(-1).After 300 cycles,C2 can maintain the discharge capacity of 379.8 m Ah·g~(-1) at the current density of 600 m A·g~(-1).C2 possesses higher reversible capacities and better cycling stability.
The corn straw carbides(C1,C2) were prepared by high temperature calcination and activation with ZnCl_2,using corn straw as a raw material.The structure and electrochemical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),nitrogen adsorption/desorption and constant current charge/discharge method.The results showed that C2 has porous flaky structure owning a high surface area of 425.06 m2·g~(-1).At a current density of 100 m A·g~(-1),the initial discharge and charge capacities of C1 are 540.2 m Ah·g~(-1) and 277.2 m Ah·g~(-1),respectively,and those for C2 are 1 156.0 m Ah·g~(-1) and 517.6 m Ah·g~(-1).After 300 cycles,C2 can maintain the discharge capacity of 379.8 m Ah·g~(-1) at the current density of 600 m A·g~(-1).C2 possesses higher reversible capacities and better cycling stability.
引文
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[4]GORIPARTI S,MIELE E,ANGELIS F,et al.Review on recent progress of nanostructured anode materials for Li-ion batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2014,257:421-443.
[5]邓晓梅,文豪,张楚虹,等.三维多孔还原氧化石墨烯气凝胶的制备及其在锂离子电池中的应用[J].合成化学,2016,24(4):302-307.
[6]LIM D G,KIM K,RAZDAN M,et al.Lithium storage in structurally tunable carbon anode derived from sustainable source[J].Carbon,2017,121:134-142.
[7]ZHOU X,CHEN F,BAI T,et al.Interconnected highly graphitic carbon nanosheets derived from wheat stalk as high performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries[J].Green Chem,2016,18(7):2078-2088.
[8]刘远洲,覃爱苗,孙建武,等.生物炭在储能材料及器件中的研究进展[J].功能材料,2017,48(3):3050-3056.
[9]CHEN H,ARMAND M,DEMAILLY G,et al.From biomass to a renewable LiXC6O6organic electrode for sustainable Li-ion batteries[J].Chem Sus Chem 2008,1:348-355.
[10]陈立,李晓鹏,陈宇驰,等.废弃生物质水葫芦多孔碳用于锂离子电池和钠离子电池负极的研究[J].化学研究与应用,2017,29(10):1525-1529.
[11]HU B,WANG K,WU L,et al.Engineering carbon materials from the hydrothermal carbonization process of biomass[J].Advanced Materials,2010,22(7):813-828.
[12]WANG L,GAO B,PENG C,et al.Bamboo leaves dericed ultrafine Si nanoparticles and Si/C nanocomposites for high-performance Li-ion battery anodes[J].Nanoscale,2015,7(33):13840-13847.
[13]席祥辉,孟岩,王玉珏,等.采用芦苇干花制备锂离子电池负极材料[J].化学研究与应用,2017,29(7):1036-1041.
[14]CABALLERO A,HERNAN L,MORALES J.Limitations of disordered carbons obtained from biomass as anodes for real lithium-ion batteries[J].Chem Sus Chem,2011,4(5):658-663.
[15]WANG L,SCHNEPP Z,TITIRICI M M.Rice huskderived carbon anodes for lithium ion batteries[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2013,1(17):5269-5273.
[16]WANG D,SURIYAPRABHA R,YUVAKUMAR R,et al.Binder-free rice husk-based silicon-graphene composites as energy efficient Li-ion battery anodes[J].J Mater Chem A,2017,2:13437-13441.
[17]YAO Y,WU F.Naturally derived nanostructured materials from biomass for rechargeable lithium/sodium batteries[J].Nano Energy,2015,17:91-103.
[18]LI W,CHEN M,WANG C.Spherical hard carbon prepared from potato starch using as anode material for Li-ion batteries[J].Materials Letters,2011,65(23-24):3368-3370.
[19]俞晓飞,余丽丽,廖丽霞,等.基于玉米秸秆的锂离子电池碳负极材料的制备及性能研究[J].化工新型材料,2017,45(7):63-65.
[20]YANG J,ZHOU X,ZOU Y,et al.A hierarchical porous carbon material for high power,lithium ion batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2011,56(24):8576-8581.
[21]WANG S,XIAO C,XING Y,et al.Carbon nanofibers/nanosheets hybrid derived from cornstalks as a sustainable anode for Li-ion batteries[J].J Mater Chem A,2015,3(13):6742-6746.