转基因棉花连续种植对土壤AM真菌群落结构的影响
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摘要
为评价转基因棉花种植对土壤中AM真菌群落结构的影响,以转基因棉花013011(抗旱)、SGK321(抗虫)和非转基因棉花TH_2(抗旱受体)、石远321(抗虫受体)为材料,研究不同生育期转基因棉花土壤中AM真菌的群落结构。采用PCR-DGGE技术对土壤中AM真菌的群落结构进行分析。结果发现:转基因棉花与非转基因棉花在花铃期和吐絮期土壤中AM真菌群落的最小相似度均大于0.6,这说明了转基因棉花的种植在花铃期和吐絮期均未对土壤中AM真菌的群落结构产生影响。另外转基因棉花和非转基因棉花的种植在花铃期和吐絮期均未对土壤AM真菌的丰富度(S)造成影响;土壤AM真菌香农-维纳指数(H)仅在吐絮期石远321显著低于SGK321,其余品种和时期均未出现显著性差异;土壤AM真菌的均匀度(EH)仅在吐絮期发现TH_2显著高于013011,其余品种和时期均未出现显著性差异。DGGE指纹图谱结果表明转基因棉花与非转基因棉花同一生长时期多为共有条带,且同一时期土壤AM真菌群落结构相似性较高,AM真菌的群落结构无明显变化。两个不同生育期优势属均为Glomus(球囊霉属)。研究表明:土壤AM真菌的群落结构变化只随着棉花生育期的不同会有短暂的变化,与是否为转基因棉花无显著性相关。
To detect the effects of cultivating transgenic crops on the community composition of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi, we employed two transgenic cotton varieties, 013011(drought-resistant)and SGK321(insect-resistant), and their parental varieties TH_2(drought-resistant receptor)and Shiyuan321(insect-resistant receptor). The Polymerase chain reaction-Denaturing gradient gel electro?phoresis(PCR-DGGE)technology was used to analyze the community structure of the AM fungi in the soil. The results showed that the min?imum similarity of the AM fungi in the soil with planted transgenic cotton and non-transgenic cotton was 0.6, indicating that the transgeniccotton planting had no significant effect on the community structure of the AM fungi in the soil during the blooming and the wadding stages.No significant difference in the richness(S)of the AM fungi was found between the soils planted with the transgenic and non-transgenic cot?ton during the blooming and wadding stages. The Shannon–Wiener index(H)of the AM fungi in the soil planted with Shiyuan 321 was signif?icantly lower than that planted with SGK321 only at the wadding stage, However, no significant difference found among the other growing pe?riods and other cotton types. The evenness(EH)of the AM fungi in the soil planted with TH_2 was significantly higher than that planted with013011 only at the wadding stage, but no significant difference was observed among the other cotton types and growing periods. The DGGEfingerprinting of the AM fungi in soil planted with the transgenic cotton was very similar to that planted with the non-transgenic cotton at thesame growing stage, indicating that the impacts of planting the transgenic cotton on the community structure of the AM fungi in soil wassmall. The predominant genera were Glomus during both the flowering and boll-setting periods. The community structure of the AM fungi in the soil only change temporarily with the growing periods, but is hardly affected by the planting of the transgenic cotton.
To detect the effects of cultivating transgenic crops on the community composition of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi, we employed two transgenic cotton varieties, 013011(drought-resistant)and SGK321(insect-resistant), and their parental varieties TH_2(drought-resistant receptor)and Shiyuan321(insect-resistant receptor). The Polymerase chain reaction-Denaturing gradient gel electro?phoresis(PCR-DGGE)technology was used to analyze the community structure of the AM fungi in the soil. The results showed that the min?imum similarity of the AM fungi in the soil with planted transgenic cotton and non-transgenic cotton was 0.6, indicating that the transgeniccotton planting had no significant effect on the community structure of the AM fungi in the soil during the blooming and the wadding stages.No significant difference in the richness(S)of the AM fungi was found between the soils planted with the transgenic and non-transgenic cot?ton during the blooming and wadding stages. The Shannon–Wiener index(H)of the AM fungi in the soil planted with Shiyuan 321 was signif?icantly lower than that planted with SGK321 only at the wadding stage, However, no significant difference found among the other growing pe?riods and other cotton types. The evenness(EH)of the AM fungi in the soil planted with TH_2 was significantly higher than that planted with013011 only at the wadding stage, but no significant difference was observed among the other cotton types and growing periods. The DGGEfingerprinting of the AM fungi in soil planted with the transgenic cotton was very similar to that planted with the non-transgenic cotton at thesame growing stage, indicating that the impacts of planting the transgenic cotton on the community structure of the AM fungi in soil wassmall. The predominant genera were Glomus during both the flowering and boll-setting periods. The community structure of the AM fungi in the soil only change temporarily with the growing periods, but is hardly affected by the planting of the transgenic cotton.
引文
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[2]梁晋刚,张正光.转基因作物种植对土壤生态系统影响的研究进展[J].作物杂志,2017(4):1-6.LIANG Jin-gang,ZHANG Zheng-guang.Advance on effects of genetically modified crops on soil ecosystems[J].Crops,2017(4):1-6.
[3]Yang H,Jiang L,Li L,et al.Diversity-dependent stability under mowing and nutrient addition:Evidence from a 7-year grassland experiment[J].Ecology Letters,2012,15(6):619-626.
[4]程春泉,贺学礼,赵金莉,等.蒙古沙冬青根围土壤AM真菌PCR-DGGE分析[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(12):175-183.CHENG Chun-quan,HE Xue-li,ZHAO Jin-li,et al.PCR-DGGEanalysis of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil of ammopiptanthus mongolicus[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2014,23(12):175-183.
[5]卢鑫萍,杜茜,闫永利,等.盐渍化土壤根际微生物群落及土壤因子对AM真菌的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(13):4071-4078.LU Xin-ping,DU Qian,YAN Yong-li,et al.Effects of soil rhizosphere microbial community and soil factors on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different salinized soils[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(13):4071-4078.
[6]Ndoye F,Kane A,Bakhoum N.Response of Acacia senegal(L.)willd.to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolates in sterilized and unsterilized soils in senegal[J].Agroforestry Systems,2013,87(4):941-952.
[7]张海波,梁月明,冯书珍,等.土壤类型和树种对根际土丛枝菌根真菌群落及其根系侵染率的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2016,37(1):187-194.ZHANG Hai-bo,LIANG Yue-ming,FENG Shu-zhen,et al.The effects of soil types and plant species on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community and colonization in the rhizosphere[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2016,37(1):187-194.
[8]王凤玲,张锐,陈秀华.转Bt基因棉叶片腐熟物抑制AM真菌定殖及菌根对磷的吸收[J].菌物学报,2017,36(7):963-971.WANG Feng-ling,ZHANG Rui,CHEN Xiu-hua.The composted leaves of Bt cotton inhibit AM symbiosis and phosphate uptake[J].Mycosystema,2017,36(7):963-971.
[9]Turrini A,Sbrana C,Giovannetti M,et al.Experimental systems to monitor the impact of transgenic corn on keystone soil microorganisms[C].16 IFOAM Organic World Congress,Modena,Italy.2008.
[10]Turrini A,Sbrana C,Nuti M P,et al.Development of a model system to assess the impact of genetically modified corn and aubergine plants on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J].Plant and Soil,2004,266:69-75.
[11]梁晋刚.转基因高蛋氨酸大豆种植对根际微生物群落结构与功能影响的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.LIANG Jin-gang.Effect of transgenic high-methionine soybean on the structure and function of rhizospheric microbial communities[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.
[12]Pasonen H L,Lu J R,Niskanen A M,et al.Effects of sugarbeet chitinaseⅣon root-associated fungal community of transgenic silver birch in a field trial[J].Planta,2009,230(5):973-983.
[13]Guan Z,Lu S,Huo Y,et al.Do genetically modified plants affect adversely on soil microbial communities?[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2016,235:289-305.
[14]解开治,徐培智,李康活,等.三种不同种植模式对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):1107-1113.XIE Kai-zhi,XU Pei-zhi,LI Kang-huo,et al.Effects of three different cropping system on diversity of soil bacterial community[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(5):1107-1113.
[15]Castaldini M,Turrini A,Sbrana C,et al.Impact of Bt corn on rhizospheric and soil eubacterial communities and on beneficial mycorrhizal symbiosis in experimental microcosms[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(11):6719-6729.
[16]Blackwood C B,Buyer J S.Soil microbial communities associated with Bt and non-Bt corn in three soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2004(33):832-836.
[17]Knox O G G,Nehl D B,Mor T,et al.Genetically modified cotton has no effect on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation of roots[J].Field Crops Research,2008,109(1/2/3):57-60.
[18]Daniell T J,Husband R,Fitter A H,et al.Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonising arable crops[J].FEMS Microbiol Ecol,2001,36:203-209.
[19]刘文科,杜连凤.转Bt基因作物对丛枝菌根真菌的影响研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2007(6):10-13,18.LIU Wen-ke,DU Lian-feng.Advances in effects of Bt transgenic crops on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2007(6):10-13,18.
[20]沈法富,韩秀兰,范术丽.转Bt基因抗虫棉根际微生物区系和细菌生理群多样性的变化[J].生态学报,2004,24(3):432-437.SHEN Fa-fu,HAN Xiu-lan,FAN Shu-li.Changes in microbial flora and bacterial physiological group diversity in rhizosphere soil of transgenic Bt cotton[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(3):432-437.
[21]段杉,谢响明,李世东,等.转基因抗虫棉对根区土壤真菌影响的初步研究[J].微生物学杂志,2008(4):7-12.DUAN Shan,XIE Xiang-ming,LI Shi-dong,et al.Impacts of transgenic insect-resistance cotton on rhizospheric fungi[J].Journal of Microbiology,2008(4):7-12.
[22]Dey R,Pal K K,Tilak K V B R.Influence of soil and plant types on diversity of rhizobacteria[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2012,82(3):341-352.
[23]Meyer M,Montel S,Colnat-Coulbois S,et al.Neurosurgery in parkinson′s disease:Social adjustment,quality of life and coping strategies[J].Neural Regenration Research,2013,8(30):2856-2867.
[24]Bouffaud M L,Kyselkova M,Gouesnard B,et al.Is diversification history of maize influencing selection of soil bacteria by roots?[J].Mol Ecol,2012,21:195-206.
[25]陈丽华,吕新,林碧娇,等.广谱抗真菌蛋白转基因水稻秸秆模拟还田对土壤真菌群落结构的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(1):87-94.CHEN Li-hua,LüXin,LIN Bi-jiao,et al.Effects of simulated straw return of transgenic rice expressing broad spectrum antifungal proteins on soil fungal community structure[J].Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,2015,23(1):87-94.
[26]Liu Y,He L,An L,Helgason T,et al.Arbuscular macorrhizal dynamics in a chronosequence of Caragana korshinskii plantations[J].FEMSMicrobiol Ecol,2009,67:81-92.
[27]Guadarrama P,Castillo S,Ramos-Zapata J,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in changing environments:The effects of seasonality and anthropogenic disturbance in a seasonal dry forest[J].Pedobiologia,2014,57:87-95.
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