青海省24829例流感样病例流行病学特征分析
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摘要
目的分析青海省24 829例流感样病例的流行病学特征,掌握流感流行动态,为流感的科学防控提供依据。方法基于"中国流感监测信息系统"导出2013-2014年青海省上报的24 829例流感样病例信息数据,采用描述和分析流行病学方法对流感流行病学特征和病原学特征进行描述和差异性分析。结果 24 829例流感样病例中5岁以下儿童共报17 241例,占报告病例总数的69.44%(17 241/24 829),门急诊就诊百分比高峰在2013年第5周和2014年第51周,呈现12月～次年1月的冬季高峰;对11 893份鼻咽拭子采用RT PCR检测,共检出阳性标本888份,阳性率为7.47%(888/11 893)。不同年份检出阳性标本型别有所不同,2013年以乙型流感为主、2014年以甲型H3N2为主,其中258例流感样病例为暴发疫情监测病例,疫情阳性标本型别与当年病原学检测主要型别一致。结论青海省流感样病例高发人群为5岁以下儿童,冬季为高发季节,不同年份优势毒株不同;学校等聚集性场所是流感样病例暴发的重点防控场所。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 24 829 influenza-like cases in Qinghai Province,and to grasp the epidemic dynamics of influenza,and provide evidence for scientific prevention and control of influenza.Methods Based on the"China Influenza Surveillance Information System",24 829 cases of influenza-like cases reported in Qinghai Province in 2013-2014 were exported,and the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic characteristics of influenza were described and analyzed by description and analysis of epidemiological methods.Results A total of 17 241 children aged 5 years and older were reported in 24 829 influenza-like cases,accounting for 69.44% of the total reported cases(17 241/24 829).The peak percentage of emergency visits was in the 5 th week of 2013 and 51 th week of 2014,presenting the winter season peak from December to January;RT-PCR detection of 11 893 nasopharyngeal swabs,a total of 888 positive samples were detected,the positive rate was 7.47%(888/11 893).The types of positive specimens detected in different years were different.In 2013,influenza B was the main type.In 2014,A-type H3 N2 was the main type.Among them,258 cases of influenza-like cases were outbreaks,and the specimens of the epidemic were positive and the pathogens of the year.The main types of learning tests are consistent.Conclusion The high-risk population of influenza-like cases in Qinghai Province is children under 5 years old.The winter season is high season,and the dominant strains are different in different years.Schools and other gathering places are the key prevention and control places for influenza-like outbreaks.
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 24 829 influenza-like cases in Qinghai Province,and to grasp the epidemic dynamics of influenza,and provide evidence for scientific prevention and control of influenza.Methods Based on the"China Influenza Surveillance Information System",24 829 cases of influenza-like cases reported in Qinghai Province in 2013-2014 were exported,and the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic characteristics of influenza were described and analyzed by description and analysis of epidemiological methods.Results A total of 17 241 children aged 5 years and older were reported in 24 829 influenza-like cases,accounting for 69.44% of the total reported cases(17 241/24 829).The peak percentage of emergency visits was in the 5 th week of 2013 and 51 th week of 2014,presenting the winter season peak from December to January;RT-PCR detection of 11 893 nasopharyngeal swabs,a total of 888 positive samples were detected,the positive rate was 7.47%(888/11 893).The types of positive specimens detected in different years were different.In 2013,influenza B was the main type.In 2014,A-type H3 N2 was the main type.Among them,258 cases of influenza-like cases were outbreaks,and the specimens of the epidemic were positive and the pathogens of the year.The main types of learning tests are consistent.Conclusion The high-risk population of influenza-like cases in Qinghai Province is children under 5 years old.The winter season is high season,and the dominant strains are different in different years.Schools and other gathering places are the key prevention and control places for influenza-like outbreaks.
引文
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[14]田瑞卿,史彦奎,陈爱地,等.698株血流感染病原菌分布特征及耐药性分析[J].河北医科大学学报,2018,39(8):949-953.
[2]王玲,崔峰,张艳,等.淄博市2007-2009年度流感监测及流行特征分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2011,15(3):263-265.
[3]陈涛,杨静,汪立杰,等.2015年中国大陆流行性感冒流行特征分析[J].热带病与寄生虫学,2016,14(1):3-5.
[4]中华人民共和国卫生部.全国流感监测方案(2010年版)[J].国际呼吸杂志,2011,31(2):85-88.
[5]郑雅旭,姜晨彦,毛盛华,等.流感样病例定义对流感监测结果影响的比较分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2017,21(9):895-899.
[6]许晶,张蕾,马萍,等.2010-2016年陕西省度流行性感冒监测分析[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(17):3240-3244.
[7]龙江,李勤,凌华,等.重庆市甲型H1N1流感血清流行病学调查及影响因素分析[J].疾病监测,2010,25(10):777-780.
[8]李明,冯录召,曹玉,等.中国2005-2013年流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2015,36(7):705-708.
[9]葛海燕,叶茂林.2013-2014年淮安市某哨点医院流行性感冒监测结果分析[J].东南国防医药,2015,30(5):536-538.
[10]葛爱华,鲍倡俊,祁贤,等.江苏省2009-2012年流感监测结果分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2014,18(2):123-126.
[11]黄智峰,刘晓剑,李烨,等.深圳市2013-2015年流感样病例时空聚集性分析研究[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2017,21(7):655-659.
[12]陈永坤.影响流感临床严重程度的病毒及宿主相关因素研究[D].北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2017.
[13]袁华芳,王刚强,郭泽芊,等.2012-2016年黔西南州流行性感冒监测结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(7):1284-1287.
[14]田瑞卿,史彦奎,陈爱地,等.698株血流感染病原菌分布特征及耐药性分析[J].河北医科大学学报,2018,39(8):949-953.