摘要
目的了解辽宁省城乡居民各类精神障碍现患率及分布特点,为制定辽宁省精神卫生规划提供客观依据。方法 2014年10月—2015年6月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法 ,在辽宁省7个地级市随机抽取24000人为研究对象,应用增补后的一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)进行筛查,分为精神障碍高、中、低危险3组,由精神科医生用美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册(DSM-IV)轴I障碍临床定式检查(SCID-I/P)依次对100%、40%和10%的3组调查对象进行诊断检查。结果有效调查19733人(82.22%),其中精神障碍的总现患率(最近一个月)为14.05%,女性12.93%,男性15.47%;城市人群13.04%,农村人群14.83%;30~50岁及>60岁年龄段是多种精神障碍的高发年龄;心境障碍(4.57%)、焦虑障碍(3.63%)、物质使用障碍(2.29%)是3个最常见的疾病诊断组,酒精使用障碍(2.29%)、抑郁障碍(2.28%)是患病率最高的2种精神障碍。结论辽宁省精神障碍的现患率较高,精神问题已经成为关注的公共精神问题。
Objective To describe current prevalence and distribution of all types of mental disorders among adult residents in Liaoning province and to provide evidences for developing a provincial mental health plan. Methods Stratified multistage cluster randomization was used to recruit 24 000 urban and rural residents aged 18 years and above in 7 municipalities. All the participants were screened with the expanded version of the General Health Questionnaire( GHQ-12)and assigned into one of the three groups at high,moderate, and low risk of having a mental disorder. Then,based on the criterion of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4 th Edition( DSM-IV), the diagnostic examination was performed by psychiatrists among 100%, 40%, and 10% of the participants of the groups with high,moderate, and low risk of having a mental disorder using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition( SCIDI/P). The survey was carried out between October 2014 and June 2015. Results Of the residents, 82. 22%( 19 733)completed the survey. The adjusted current( in the previous one month) prevalence rate of any mental disorder was 14. 05%( 95% confidence interval: 13. 57%-15. 47%). The overall prevalence rate of mental disorders was higher in the males( 15. 46%) than in the females( 12. 93%), and slightly higher in rural participants( 14. 83%) than in urban participants( 13. 04%). Among all the participants, the three most common mental disorders were affective disorder( 4. 57%), anxiety disorder( 3. 63%), and substance use disorder( 2. 88%). Alcohol use disorder( 2. 86%) and major depression disorder( 2. 39%) were the most prevalent specific mental disorders. Conclusion The current prevalence rate of mental disorders is relatively high among adult residents and mental disorder has become a major public health problem in Liaoning province.
引文
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