灌丛树干茎流与根区优先流对灌丛沙堆“土壤沃岛效应”的影响研究
|
摘要
"土壤沃岛效应"的形成增强了植物对干旱贫瘠环境的适应能力和生态系统的稳定性,在植被重建方面具有重要的生态水文学意义。灌丛树干茎流和根区优先流的水分和养分富集作用对灌丛沙堆"土壤沃岛效应"的形成、发育和演化具有极其重要的作用。弄清灌丛沙堆演化过程中灌木对土壤水分变化的时空响应和其多样性的维持机制、植被对水分的生态适应对策,是进一步研究灌丛沙堆形成和演替机制的关键。本文综述了灌丛沙堆的形成机理,对灌丛沙堆演化过程中土壤水文过程与植被响应机理以及灌丛树干茎流与根区优先流对"土壤沃岛效应"的影响进行了阐述,并对灌丛树干茎流与根区优先流研究方法进行了评述。在未来研究中,应加强对灌木地下根系分布及水分和养分沿灌木根系形成的优先通道运移和再分配的研究,以便更好地评价干旱贫瘠环境中树干茎流对灌木群落稳定性和生态系统发育所起的作用。
The enrichment functions of stem flow and root-induced preferential flow of bushwood are of great importance in the formation and growth and evolution of the fertile island of nebkha.It enhances the vegetation adaption to dry and infertile environment and the stability of ecosystem,thereby plays important eco-hydrological roles in plant reconstruction in desert regions.Making clear the temporal and spatial responses of shrubs to the changes of soil water content during the process of the nebkhas evolution,the maintaining mechanism of biodiversity,and the ecological adaption countermeasure of vegetation to soil water is the keys to further study the formation and evolution of nebkha.In this paper,the formation mechanism of nebkha was reviewed,soil hydrologic process and vegetation response during the nebkha evolution process and the influences of stem flow and root-induced preferential flow of shrubs on the soil fertile island were demonstrated,and the study methods of stem flow and root-induced preferential flow of shrubs were summarized as well.For better evaluating the function of stem flow to the stability of shrub communities and the development of ecosystems in desert regions,more attentions should be paid on the root distribution of shrubs and the movement and redistribution of water and nutrition along with preferential flow path caused by shrub roots in the future research.
The enrichment functions of stem flow and root-induced preferential flow of bushwood are of great importance in the formation and growth and evolution of the fertile island of nebkha.It enhances the vegetation adaption to dry and infertile environment and the stability of ecosystem,thereby plays important eco-hydrological roles in plant reconstruction in desert regions.Making clear the temporal and spatial responses of shrubs to the changes of soil water content during the process of the nebkhas evolution,the maintaining mechanism of biodiversity,and the ecological adaption countermeasure of vegetation to soil water is the keys to further study the formation and evolution of nebkha.In this paper,the formation mechanism of nebkha was reviewed,soil hydrologic process and vegetation response during the nebkha evolution process and the influences of stem flow and root-induced preferential flow of shrubs on the soil fertile island were demonstrated,and the study methods of stem flow and root-induced preferential flow of shrubs were summarized as well.For better evaluating the function of stem flow to the stability of shrub communities and the development of ecosystems in desert regions,more attentions should be paid on the root distribution of shrubs and the movement and redistribution of water and nutrition along with preferential flow path caused by shrub roots in the future research.
引文
[1]王正宁.腾格里沙漠东南缘灌丛树干茎流及其生态水文意义[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2010
[2]Martinez-Meza E,Whitford W G.Stemflow,throughfall and channelization of stemflow by roots in three Chihuahuan desert shrubs[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1996,32(3):271-287
[3]Wang X P,Zhang Y F,Wang ZN,et al.Influence of shrub canopy morphology and rainfall characteristics on stemflow within a revegetated sand dune in the Tengger Desert,NW China[J].Hydrological Processes,2013,27:1501-1509
[4]Zhang Y F,Wang X P,Hu R,Pan Y X,Zhang H.Stemflow in two xerophytic shrubs and its significance to soil water and nutrient enrichment[J].Ecological Research,2013,28(4):567-579
[5]黄磊.干旱沙区植被-土壤水分关系试验及模拟研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2011
[6]Rietkerk M,J Van de Koppel.Regular pattern formation in real ecosystems[J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2008,23(3):169-175
[7]Kéfi S,M Rietkerk,C L Alados,et al.Spatial vegetation patterns and imminent desertification in Mediterranean arid ecosystems[J].Nature,2007,449(7159):213-217
[8]Maestre F T,A Escudero.Is the patch size distribution of vegetation a suitable indicator of desertification processes?[J].Ecology,2009,90(7):1729-1735
[9]Rodriguez-Iturbe,I.Ecohydrology:A hydrologic perspective of climate-soil-vegetation dynamics[J].Water Resources Research,2000,36(1):3-9
[10]汝海丽,张海东,焦峰,等.黄土丘陵区微地形条件下草本群落特征与土壤水分及养分关系分析[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):776-782
[11]贾晓红.腾格里沙漠东南缘植被格局对土壤资源的响应[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2006
[12]Wilcox B P,Breshears D D,Allen C D.Ecohydrology of a resource-conserving semiarid woodland:effects of scale and disturbance[J].Ecological Monograph,2003,73(2):223-239
[13]Puigdefábregas J.The role of vegetation patterns in structuring runoff and sediment fluxes in drylands[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2005,30:133-147
[14]David Dunkerley.Hydrologic effects of dryland shrubs:defining the spatial extent of modified soil water uptake rates at an Australian desert site[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2000,45:159-172
[15]C Valentin,J LRajot,D Mitja.Responses of soil crusting,runoff and erosion to fallowing in the sub-humid and semi-arid regions of West Africa[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2004,(104):287-302
[16]Nickling W G,Wolfe S A.The morphology and origin of Nebkhas,region of Mopti,Mali,West Africa[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1994,(28):13-30
[17]Tengberg A,Chen D.A comparative analysis of nebkhas in central Tunisia and northern Burkina Faso[J].Aeolian Environments,1998,(22):181-192
[18]Yali Cui,Jingli Shao.The role of ground water in arid/semiarid ecosystems,Northwest China[J].Ground Water,2005,43(4):471-477
[19]F I Khalaf,R Misak,A AI-Dousari.Sedimentological and morphological characteristics of some nabkha deposits in the northern coastal plain of Kuwait,Arabia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1995,29:267-292
[20]朱震达,陈广庭.中国土地沙质荒漠化[M].北京:科学出版社,1994
[21]武胜利,李志忠,肖晨曦,等.灌丛沙堆的研究进展与意义[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(5):734-738
[22]罗磊,凌智永,陈亮,等.灌丛沙堆形成演化及年代学研究现状与进展[J].盐湖研究,2017,25(3):67-73
[23]陈小燕,梁宗锁,杜峰,等.土壤养分分布对植物群落数量特征的影响[J].草地学报,2008,16(4):380-391
[24]Pan Xiao ling,ChaoJiping.Theory of stability,and regulation and control of ecological system in oasis[J].Global and Planetary Change,2003,37(3):287-295
[25]Su Y Z,Zhao W Z,Su P X,et al.Ecological effects of desertification control and desertified land reclamation in an oasis-desert ecotone in an arid region:a case study in Hexi Corridor,Northwest China[J].Ecological Engineering,2007,29(2):117-124.
[26]Schlesinger W H,Raikes J A,Hartley A E,et al..On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems[J].Ecology,1996,77:364-374.
[27]Noy-Meir I.Desert ecosystem structure and function.In:Evenari M,Noy-Meir I,Goodall D W,eds.Hot Deserts and Arid Shrublands[M].A.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1985.93-103
[28]Li X R,Kong D S,Tan H J,et al.Changes in soil and in vegetation following stabilisation of dunes in southeastern fringe of the Tengger Desert,China[J].Plant and Soil,2007,300:221-231
[29]Li X R,Zhang Z S,Huang L,et al.Review of the ecohydrological processes and feedback mechanisms controlling sand-binding vegetation systems in sandy desert regions of China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(13):1-14.
[30]李新荣,张志山,王新平,等.干旱区土壤植被系统恢复的生态水文学研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(5):845-852
[31]李新荣.干旱沙区土壤空间异质性变化对植被恢复的影响[J].中国科学D辑地球科学,2005,35(4):361-370
[32]李新荣,贾晓红.腾格里沙漠东南缘荒漠植被格局与土壤资源的关系[J].草地学报,2005,13(S):37-43
[33]Wang G,Innes J L,Lei J,et al.China’s forestry reforms[J].Science,2007,318:1556-1557
[34]李新荣,张志山,黄磊,等.我国沙区人工植被系统生态-水文过程和互馈机理研究评述[J].科学通报,2013,58:397-410
[35]吴希媛,张丽萍.降水再分配受雨强、坡度、覆盖度影响的机理研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(4):28-30
[36]王继和,马全林,杨自辉,等.干旱区沙漠化土地逆转植被的时空格局及其机制研究[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(6):729-733
[37]李新荣,张志山,谭会娟,等.我国北方风沙危害区生态重建与恢复:腾格里沙漠土壤水分与植被承载力的探讨[J].中国科学(生命科学),2014,44(3):257-266
[38]杜建会,严平,董玉祥.干旱地区灌丛沙堆研究现状与展望[J].地理学报,2010,65(3):339-350
[39]杨志鹏,李小雁,伊万娟.荒漠灌木树干茎流及其生态水文效应研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):303-311
[40]Valentin C,Herbes J M.Niger tiger bush as a natural water harvesting system[J].Catena,1999,37,231-256
[41]Llorens P,Domingo F.Rainfall partitioning by vegetation under Mediterranean conditions.A review of studies in Europe[J].Journal of Hydrology,2007,335:37-54
[42]周择福,张光灿,刘霞,等.树干茎流研究方法及其述评[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):137-140
[43]Li X Y,Z P Yang,Y T Li,H Lin.Connecting ecohydrology and hydropedology in desert shrubs:stemflow as a source of preferential flow in soils[J].Hydrology and Earth SystemSciences,2009,13(7):1133-1144
[44]张亚峰.荒漠灌丛树干茎流与根区优先流及其土壤沃岛效应[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2014
[45]Benegas L,Ilstedt U,Roupsard O.Effects of trees on infiltrability and preferential flow in two contrasting agroecosystems in Central America[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2014,183-196
[46]Devitt D A,Smith S D.Root channel macropores enhance downward movement of water in a Mojave Desert ecosystem[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2002,50(1):99-108
[47]Navar,J.Stemflow variation in Mexico′s northeastern forest communities:Its contribution to soil moisture content and aquifer recharge[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,408(1-2):35-42
[48]Li X Y,X Hu,Z H Zhang,et al.Shrub Hydropedology:Preferential Water Availability to Deep Soil Layer[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2013,12(4):1-12
[49]Wang X P,Pan Y X,Zhang Y F,et al.Temporal stability analysis of surface and subsurface soil moisture for a transect in artificial revegetation desert area,China.[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,507:100-109
[50]张勇勇,富利,赵文智,等.荒漠绿洲土壤优先流研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1189-1195
[51]Yan J,ZhaoW.Characteristics of preferential flow during simulated rainfall events in an arid region of China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(7):1-12
[52]Wang X P,Z N Wang,R Berndtsson,et al.Desert shrub stemflow and its significance in soil moisture replenishment[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2011,15(2):561-567
[53]Liang,W L,K Kosugi,T Mizuyama.Soil water dynamics around a tree on a hillslope with or without rainwater supplied by stemflow[J].Water Resources Research,2011,47:2144-2150
[54]Schwrzel K,S Ebermann,N Schalling.Evidence of doublefunneling effect of beech trees by visualization of flow pathways using dye tracer[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,470:184-192
[55]Levia D F,J T Van Stan,C.M.Siegert,S P,et al.Atmospheric deposition and corresponding variability of stemflow chemistry across temporal scales in a mid-Atlantic broadleaved deciduous forest[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(18):3046-3054.
[56]Z B Zhang,X Peng,H Zhou,et al.Characterizing preferential flow in cracked paddy soils using computed tomography and breakthrough curve[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,146(A):53-65
[57]Luo L F,Lin H,Li S C.Quantification of 3-D soil macropore networks in different soil types and land uses using computed tomography[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,393:53-64
[58]Allaire S,Roulier S,Cessna A.Quantifying preferential flow in soils:a review of different techinques[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,378:179-204
[59]Xia Hu,Zong-Chao Li,Xiao-Yan Li,et al.Quantification of soil macropore under alpine vegetation using computed tomography in the Qinghai Lake Watershed,NE Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Geoderma,2016,264:244-251
[60]Xia Hu,Zong-Chao Li,Xiao-Yan Li,et al.Soil Macropore Structure under Different Land Uses Characterized by X-ray Computed Tomography in the Qinghai Lake Watershed,NE Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Pedosphere,2018,28(3):478-487
[61]Hu Xia,Li Zong-Chao,Li Xiao-Yan,et al.Influence of shrub encroachment on CT-measured soil macropore characteristics in the Inner Mongolia grassland of northern China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,150:1-9
[62]Hu Xia,Lyu Yan-Li,Liu Yong,et al.Exclosure on CT-measured soil macropore characteristics in the Inner Mongolia grassland of northern China[J].Journal of soils and sediments,2018,18:718-726
[63]李宗超,胡霞.小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化对退化沙质草地土壤孔隙特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):242-248
[2]Martinez-Meza E,Whitford W G.Stemflow,throughfall and channelization of stemflow by roots in three Chihuahuan desert shrubs[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1996,32(3):271-287
[3]Wang X P,Zhang Y F,Wang ZN,et al.Influence of shrub canopy morphology and rainfall characteristics on stemflow within a revegetated sand dune in the Tengger Desert,NW China[J].Hydrological Processes,2013,27:1501-1509
[4]Zhang Y F,Wang X P,Hu R,Pan Y X,Zhang H.Stemflow in two xerophytic shrubs and its significance to soil water and nutrient enrichment[J].Ecological Research,2013,28(4):567-579
[5]黄磊.干旱沙区植被-土壤水分关系试验及模拟研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2011
[6]Rietkerk M,J Van de Koppel.Regular pattern formation in real ecosystems[J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2008,23(3):169-175
[7]Kéfi S,M Rietkerk,C L Alados,et al.Spatial vegetation patterns and imminent desertification in Mediterranean arid ecosystems[J].Nature,2007,449(7159):213-217
[8]Maestre F T,A Escudero.Is the patch size distribution of vegetation a suitable indicator of desertification processes?[J].Ecology,2009,90(7):1729-1735
[9]Rodriguez-Iturbe,I.Ecohydrology:A hydrologic perspective of climate-soil-vegetation dynamics[J].Water Resources Research,2000,36(1):3-9
[10]汝海丽,张海东,焦峰,等.黄土丘陵区微地形条件下草本群落特征与土壤水分及养分关系分析[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):776-782
[11]贾晓红.腾格里沙漠东南缘植被格局对土壤资源的响应[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2006
[12]Wilcox B P,Breshears D D,Allen C D.Ecohydrology of a resource-conserving semiarid woodland:effects of scale and disturbance[J].Ecological Monograph,2003,73(2):223-239
[13]Puigdefábregas J.The role of vegetation patterns in structuring runoff and sediment fluxes in drylands[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2005,30:133-147
[14]David Dunkerley.Hydrologic effects of dryland shrubs:defining the spatial extent of modified soil water uptake rates at an Australian desert site[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2000,45:159-172
[15]C Valentin,J LRajot,D Mitja.Responses of soil crusting,runoff and erosion to fallowing in the sub-humid and semi-arid regions of West Africa[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2004,(104):287-302
[16]Nickling W G,Wolfe S A.The morphology and origin of Nebkhas,region of Mopti,Mali,West Africa[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1994,(28):13-30
[17]Tengberg A,Chen D.A comparative analysis of nebkhas in central Tunisia and northern Burkina Faso[J].Aeolian Environments,1998,(22):181-192
[18]Yali Cui,Jingli Shao.The role of ground water in arid/semiarid ecosystems,Northwest China[J].Ground Water,2005,43(4):471-477
[19]F I Khalaf,R Misak,A AI-Dousari.Sedimentological and morphological characteristics of some nabkha deposits in the northern coastal plain of Kuwait,Arabia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1995,29:267-292
[20]朱震达,陈广庭.中国土地沙质荒漠化[M].北京:科学出版社,1994
[21]武胜利,李志忠,肖晨曦,等.灌丛沙堆的研究进展与意义[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(5):734-738
[22]罗磊,凌智永,陈亮,等.灌丛沙堆形成演化及年代学研究现状与进展[J].盐湖研究,2017,25(3):67-73
[23]陈小燕,梁宗锁,杜峰,等.土壤养分分布对植物群落数量特征的影响[J].草地学报,2008,16(4):380-391
[24]Pan Xiao ling,ChaoJiping.Theory of stability,and regulation and control of ecological system in oasis[J].Global and Planetary Change,2003,37(3):287-295
[25]Su Y Z,Zhao W Z,Su P X,et al.Ecological effects of desertification control and desertified land reclamation in an oasis-desert ecotone in an arid region:a case study in Hexi Corridor,Northwest China[J].Ecological Engineering,2007,29(2):117-124.
[26]Schlesinger W H,Raikes J A,Hartley A E,et al..On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems[J].Ecology,1996,77:364-374.
[27]Noy-Meir I.Desert ecosystem structure and function.In:Evenari M,Noy-Meir I,Goodall D W,eds.Hot Deserts and Arid Shrublands[M].A.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1985.93-103
[28]Li X R,Kong D S,Tan H J,et al.Changes in soil and in vegetation following stabilisation of dunes in southeastern fringe of the Tengger Desert,China[J].Plant and Soil,2007,300:221-231
[29]Li X R,Zhang Z S,Huang L,et al.Review of the ecohydrological processes and feedback mechanisms controlling sand-binding vegetation systems in sandy desert regions of China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(13):1-14.
[30]李新荣,张志山,王新平,等.干旱区土壤植被系统恢复的生态水文学研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(5):845-852
[31]李新荣.干旱沙区土壤空间异质性变化对植被恢复的影响[J].中国科学D辑地球科学,2005,35(4):361-370
[32]李新荣,贾晓红.腾格里沙漠东南缘荒漠植被格局与土壤资源的关系[J].草地学报,2005,13(S):37-43
[33]Wang G,Innes J L,Lei J,et al.China’s forestry reforms[J].Science,2007,318:1556-1557
[34]李新荣,张志山,黄磊,等.我国沙区人工植被系统生态-水文过程和互馈机理研究评述[J].科学通报,2013,58:397-410
[35]吴希媛,张丽萍.降水再分配受雨强、坡度、覆盖度影响的机理研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(4):28-30
[36]王继和,马全林,杨自辉,等.干旱区沙漠化土地逆转植被的时空格局及其机制研究[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(6):729-733
[37]李新荣,张志山,谭会娟,等.我国北方风沙危害区生态重建与恢复:腾格里沙漠土壤水分与植被承载力的探讨[J].中国科学(生命科学),2014,44(3):257-266
[38]杜建会,严平,董玉祥.干旱地区灌丛沙堆研究现状与展望[J].地理学报,2010,65(3):339-350
[39]杨志鹏,李小雁,伊万娟.荒漠灌木树干茎流及其生态水文效应研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):303-311
[40]Valentin C,Herbes J M.Niger tiger bush as a natural water harvesting system[J].Catena,1999,37,231-256
[41]Llorens P,Domingo F.Rainfall partitioning by vegetation under Mediterranean conditions.A review of studies in Europe[J].Journal of Hydrology,2007,335:37-54
[42]周择福,张光灿,刘霞,等.树干茎流研究方法及其述评[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):137-140
[43]Li X Y,Z P Yang,Y T Li,H Lin.Connecting ecohydrology and hydropedology in desert shrubs:stemflow as a source of preferential flow in soils[J].Hydrology and Earth SystemSciences,2009,13(7):1133-1144
[44]张亚峰.荒漠灌丛树干茎流与根区优先流及其土壤沃岛效应[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2014
[45]Benegas L,Ilstedt U,Roupsard O.Effects of trees on infiltrability and preferential flow in two contrasting agroecosystems in Central America[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2014,183-196
[46]Devitt D A,Smith S D.Root channel macropores enhance downward movement of water in a Mojave Desert ecosystem[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2002,50(1):99-108
[47]Navar,J.Stemflow variation in Mexico′s northeastern forest communities:Its contribution to soil moisture content and aquifer recharge[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,408(1-2):35-42
[48]Li X Y,X Hu,Z H Zhang,et al.Shrub Hydropedology:Preferential Water Availability to Deep Soil Layer[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2013,12(4):1-12
[49]Wang X P,Pan Y X,Zhang Y F,et al.Temporal stability analysis of surface and subsurface soil moisture for a transect in artificial revegetation desert area,China.[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,507:100-109
[50]张勇勇,富利,赵文智,等.荒漠绿洲土壤优先流研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1189-1195
[51]Yan J,ZhaoW.Characteristics of preferential flow during simulated rainfall events in an arid region of China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(7):1-12
[52]Wang X P,Z N Wang,R Berndtsson,et al.Desert shrub stemflow and its significance in soil moisture replenishment[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2011,15(2):561-567
[53]Liang,W L,K Kosugi,T Mizuyama.Soil water dynamics around a tree on a hillslope with or without rainwater supplied by stemflow[J].Water Resources Research,2011,47:2144-2150
[54]Schwrzel K,S Ebermann,N Schalling.Evidence of doublefunneling effect of beech trees by visualization of flow pathways using dye tracer[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,470:184-192
[55]Levia D F,J T Van Stan,C.M.Siegert,S P,et al.Atmospheric deposition and corresponding variability of stemflow chemistry across temporal scales in a mid-Atlantic broadleaved deciduous forest[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(18):3046-3054.
[56]Z B Zhang,X Peng,H Zhou,et al.Characterizing preferential flow in cracked paddy soils using computed tomography and breakthrough curve[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,146(A):53-65
[57]Luo L F,Lin H,Li S C.Quantification of 3-D soil macropore networks in different soil types and land uses using computed tomography[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,393:53-64
[58]Allaire S,Roulier S,Cessna A.Quantifying preferential flow in soils:a review of different techinques[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,378:179-204
[59]Xia Hu,Zong-Chao Li,Xiao-Yan Li,et al.Quantification of soil macropore under alpine vegetation using computed tomography in the Qinghai Lake Watershed,NE Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Geoderma,2016,264:244-251
[60]Xia Hu,Zong-Chao Li,Xiao-Yan Li,et al.Soil Macropore Structure under Different Land Uses Characterized by X-ray Computed Tomography in the Qinghai Lake Watershed,NE Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Pedosphere,2018,28(3):478-487
[61]Hu Xia,Li Zong-Chao,Li Xiao-Yan,et al.Influence of shrub encroachment on CT-measured soil macropore characteristics in the Inner Mongolia grassland of northern China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,150:1-9
[62]Hu Xia,Lyu Yan-Li,Liu Yong,et al.Exclosure on CT-measured soil macropore characteristics in the Inner Mongolia grassland of northern China[J].Journal of soils and sediments,2018,18:718-726
[63]李宗超,胡霞.小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化对退化沙质草地土壤孔隙特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):242-248