电网电压不平衡时模块化多电平换流器控制策略研究
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摘要
在电网电压不平衡状态下,负序电流的存在引起模块化多电平换流器(MMC)内部环流包括负序、零序和正序二倍频分量,导致传输有功功率、无功功率及直流侧电压二倍频波动,严重时会影响装置内外特性。为提高电能传输质量及确保换流器安全运行,研究MMC内外不平衡控制策略尤其关键。文中从传统方法、改进方法和创新方法三个方面分别介绍关于电网电压不平衡时MMC外特性和内特性不平衡控制策略的研究进展,并比较其优缺点;总结MMC不平衡控制策略及探讨其未来的研究方向。
Under the unbalanced state of the grid voltage,the existence of negative sequence current can cause the internal circulations in the modular multilevel converter(MMC),including the negative sequence,zero sequence and positive sequence double frequency components,which leads to double frequency fluctuations during transmission of active power,reactive power and DC voltage,and even affects the internal and external characteristics of the device. In order to improve the power transmission quality and ensure the safe operation of the converter,it is especially crucial to research the internal and external unbalance control strategy of the MMC. The research progress for the external and internal characteristic unbalance control strategy of the MMC under unbalanced grid voltage is introduced from the aspects of the traditional method,improved method and innovative method respectively,and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. The unbalance control strategies of the MMC are summarized,and the research direction in the future is explored.
Under the unbalanced state of the grid voltage,the existence of negative sequence current can cause the internal circulations in the modular multilevel converter(MMC),including the negative sequence,zero sequence and positive sequence double frequency components,which leads to double frequency fluctuations during transmission of active power,reactive power and DC voltage,and even affects the internal and external characteristics of the device. In order to improve the power transmission quality and ensure the safe operation of the converter,it is especially crucial to research the internal and external unbalance control strategy of the MMC. The research progress for the external and internal characteristic unbalance control strategy of the MMC under unbalanced grid voltage is introduced from the aspects of the traditional method,improved method and innovative method respectively,and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. The unbalance control strategies of the MMC are summarized,and the research direction in the future is explored.
引文
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[6]王柯岩,江伟,王渝红,等.一种模块化多电平的改进最近电平调制策略[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(30):63-68.WANG Keyan,JIANG Wei,WANG Yuhong,et al. An opti-mized nearest level modulation for modular multilevel converter[J]. Science technology and engineering,2017,17(30):63-68.
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[10] GUAN M,XU Z. Modeling and control of a modular multilev-el converter-based HVDC system under unbalanced grid con-ditions[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics,2012,27(12):4858-4867.
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[14]李云丰,安婷,丁骁,等.电网电压不平衡MMC-HVDC无锁相环控制策略[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):105-111.LI Yunfeng,AN Ting,DING Xiao,et al. A control strategy in the absence of phase lock loop of MMC-HVDC unbalanced voltage conditions[J]. High voltage engineering,2016,42(1):105-111.
[15]郭小强,邬伟扬,漆汉宏.电网电压畸变不平衡情况下三相光伏并网逆变器控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(3):22-28.GUO Xiaoqiang,WU Weiyang,QI Hanhong. Control strate-gies of three-phase PV grid-connected inverter under distorted and unbalanced voltage conditions[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(3):22-28.
[16]宋平岗,李云丰,王立娜.无锁相环模块化多电平换流器直接功率控制器设计[J].高电压技术,2014,40(11):3500-3505.SONG Pinggang,LI Yunfeng,WANG Lina. Design of direct power controller for modular multilevel converter without phase lock loop[J]. High voltage engineering, 2014, 40(11):3500-3505.
[17] SVENSSON J,BONGIORNO M,SANNINO A. Practical im-plementation of delayed signal cancellation method for phase-sequence separation[J]. IEEE transactions on power delivery,2007:22(1):18-26.
[18] MARCIO M D O. Power electronics for mitigation of voltage sags and improved control of AC power systems[J/OL].[2000-01-01]. http://www.openthesis.org/documents/Power-Electronics-Mitigation-Voltage-Sags-410173.html.
[19] MOON J W,KIM C S,PARK J W,et al. Circulating current control in MMC under the unbalanced voltage[J]. IEEE trans-actions on power delivery,2013,28(3):1952-1959.
[20] MOON J W,PARK J W,KANG D W,et al. A control meth-od of HVDC-modular multilevel converter based on arm cur-rent under the unbalanced voltage condition[J]. IEEE transac-tions on power delivery,2015,30(2):529-536.
[21]朱明琳,杭丽君,李国杰,等.三相电网不平衡下MMC多变量保护控制策略及系统运行性能研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2408-2418.ZHU Minglin,HANG Lijun,LI Guojie,et al. Investigation of MMC multi-variable protected strategies and system opera-tion characteristics under unbalanced grid faults[J]. Proceed-ings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2408-2418.
[22]梁营玉,张涛,刘建政,等.不平衡电网电压下模块化多电平换流器的环流抑制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(9):120-128.LIANG Yingyu,ZHANG Tao,LIU Jianzheng,et al. A circu-lating current suppressing method for modular multilevel con-verter under unbalanced grid voltage[J]. Transactions of Chi-na Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(9):120-128.
[23] LIANG Y,LIU J,ZHANG T,et al. Arm current control strat-egy for MMC-HVDC under unbalanced conditions[J]. IEEE transactions on power delivery,2017,32(1):125-134.
[24] TRINH Q N, LEE H H. An advanced current control strategy for three-phase shunt active power filters[J]. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics,2013,60(12):5400-5410.
[25] MWASILU F,JUSTO J J,RO K S,et al. Improvement of dy-namic performance of doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbine power system under an unbalanced grid voltage condition[J]. IET renewable power generation,2012,6(6):424-434.
[26]年珩,沈永波,宋亦鹏.不平衡及谐波电网电压下并网逆变器的直接功率控制策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1452-1458.NIAN Heng, SHEN Yongbo, SONG Yipeng. Direct power control strategy of grid connected inverter under unbalanced and harmonic grid voltage[J]. Power system technology,2014,38(6):1452-1458.
[27] TU Q,XU Z,CHANG Y,et al. Suppressing DC voltage rip-ples of MMC-HVDC under unbalanced grid conditions[J].IEEE transactions on power delivery,2012,27(3):1332-1338.
[28] ANTONOPOULOS A,ANGQUIST L,NEE H P. On dynam-ics and voltage control of the modular multilevel converter[C]//Proceedings of 13th European Conference on Power Elec-tronics and Applications. Barcelona:IEEE,2009:1-10.
[29]孔明,汤广福,贺之渊,等.不对称交流电网下MMC-HVDC输电系统的控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(28):41-49.KONG Ming,TANG Guangfu,HE Zhiyuan,et al. A control strategy for modular multilevel converter based HVDC of un-balanced AC systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(28):41-49.
[30] ANGQUIST L,ANTONOPOULOS A,SIEMASZKO D,et al.Open-loop control of modular multilevel converters using esti-mation of stored energy[J]. IEEE transactions on industry ap-plications,2011,47(6):2516-2524.
[2]胡鹏飞,江道灼,郭捷,等.基于混合型多电平换流器的柔性直流输电系统[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(10):33-38.HU Pengfei,JIANG Daozhuo,GUO Jie,et al. VSC-HVDC system based on hybrid multilevel voltage sourced converters[J]. Power system protection and control,2013,41(10):33-38.
[3]蒋冠前,李志勇,杨慧霞,等.柔性直流输电系统拓扑结构研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(15):145-153.JIANG Guanqian,LI Zhiyong,YANG Huixia,et al. Research review on topological structure of flexible HVDC system[J].Power system protection and control,2015,43(15):145-153.
[4]邢长达,郭家虎,朱成杰,等.MMC控制系统中子模块控制器的设计[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(3):114-121.XING Changda,GUO Jiahu,ZHU Chengjie,et al. Design of the sub-module controller of the MMC control system[J]. Power system protection and control,2016,44(3):114-121.
[5]蔡永梁,任成林,周竞宇,等.基于MMC的柔性直流输电电容电压波动抑制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(5):45-50.CAI Yongliang,REN Chenglin,ZHOU Jingyu,et al. Control strategy for suppressing capacitor voltage ripple of MMC-HVDC[J]. Power system protection and control,2017,45(5):45-50.
[6]王柯岩,江伟,王渝红,等.一种模块化多电平的改进最近电平调制策略[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(30):63-68.WANG Keyan,JIANG Wei,WANG Yuhong,et al. An opti-mized nearest level modulation for modular multilevel converter[J]. Science technology and engineering,2017,17(30):63-68.
[7]张宏俊,郝正航,陈卓,等.适用于模块化多电平换流器实时仿真的建模方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(7):120-126.ZHANG Hongjun,HAO Zhenghang,CHEN Zhuo,et al. Mod-eling method for real time simulation of modular multilevel con-verter[J]. Automation of electric power systems, 2017, 41(7):120-126.
[8] LI Shaohua,WANG Xiuli,YAO Zhiqing,et al. Circulating current suppressing strategy for MMC-HVDC based on nonideal proportional resonant controllers under unbalanced grid condi-tions[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics,2015,30(1):387-397.
[9] ZHOU Y,JIANG D,GUO J,et al. Analysis and control of modular multilevel converters under unbalanced conditions[J].IEEE transactions on power delivery,2013,28(4):1986-1995.
[10] GUAN M,XU Z. Modeling and control of a modular multilev-el converter-based HVDC system under unbalanced grid con-ditions[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics,2012,27(12):4858-4867.
[11]王宝诚,伞国成,郭小强,等.分布式发电系统电网同步锁相技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):50-55.WANG Baocheng,SAN Guocheng,GUO Xiaoqiang,et al.Grid synchronization and PLL for distributed power generation systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):50-55.
[12]袁旭峰,高璐,文劲宇,等.VSC-HVDC三相不平衡控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2010,30(9):1-5.YUAN Xufeng,GAO Lu,WEN Jinyu,et al. Unbalanced three-phase control strategy of VSC-HVDC system[J]. Electric power automation equipment,2010,30(9):1-5.
[13]袁旭峰,程时杰,文劲宇.改进瞬时对称分量法及其在正负序电量检测中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(1):52-58.YUAN Xufeng,CHENG Shijie,WEN Jinyu. An improved method of instantaneous symmetrical components and its de-tection for positive and negative sequence current[J]. Proceed-ings of the CSEE,2008,28(1):52-58.
[14]李云丰,安婷,丁骁,等.电网电压不平衡MMC-HVDC无锁相环控制策略[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):105-111.LI Yunfeng,AN Ting,DING Xiao,et al. A control strategy in the absence of phase lock loop of MMC-HVDC unbalanced voltage conditions[J]. High voltage engineering,2016,42(1):105-111.
[15]郭小强,邬伟扬,漆汉宏.电网电压畸变不平衡情况下三相光伏并网逆变器控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(3):22-28.GUO Xiaoqiang,WU Weiyang,QI Hanhong. Control strate-gies of three-phase PV grid-connected inverter under distorted and unbalanced voltage conditions[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(3):22-28.
[16]宋平岗,李云丰,王立娜.无锁相环模块化多电平换流器直接功率控制器设计[J].高电压技术,2014,40(11):3500-3505.SONG Pinggang,LI Yunfeng,WANG Lina. Design of direct power controller for modular multilevel converter without phase lock loop[J]. High voltage engineering, 2014, 40(11):3500-3505.
[17] SVENSSON J,BONGIORNO M,SANNINO A. Practical im-plementation of delayed signal cancellation method for phase-sequence separation[J]. IEEE transactions on power delivery,2007:22(1):18-26.
[18] MARCIO M D O. Power electronics for mitigation of voltage sags and improved control of AC power systems[J/OL].[2000-01-01]. http://www.openthesis.org/documents/Power-Electronics-Mitigation-Voltage-Sags-410173.html.
[19] MOON J W,KIM C S,PARK J W,et al. Circulating current control in MMC under the unbalanced voltage[J]. IEEE trans-actions on power delivery,2013,28(3):1952-1959.
[20] MOON J W,PARK J W,KANG D W,et al. A control meth-od of HVDC-modular multilevel converter based on arm cur-rent under the unbalanced voltage condition[J]. IEEE transac-tions on power delivery,2015,30(2):529-536.
[21]朱明琳,杭丽君,李国杰,等.三相电网不平衡下MMC多变量保护控制策略及系统运行性能研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2408-2418.ZHU Minglin,HANG Lijun,LI Guojie,et al. Investigation of MMC multi-variable protected strategies and system opera-tion characteristics under unbalanced grid faults[J]. Proceed-ings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2408-2418.
[22]梁营玉,张涛,刘建政,等.不平衡电网电压下模块化多电平换流器的环流抑制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(9):120-128.LIANG Yingyu,ZHANG Tao,LIU Jianzheng,et al. A circu-lating current suppressing method for modular multilevel con-verter under unbalanced grid voltage[J]. Transactions of Chi-na Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(9):120-128.
[23] LIANG Y,LIU J,ZHANG T,et al. Arm current control strat-egy for MMC-HVDC under unbalanced conditions[J]. IEEE transactions on power delivery,2017,32(1):125-134.
[24] TRINH Q N, LEE H H. An advanced current control strategy for three-phase shunt active power filters[J]. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics,2013,60(12):5400-5410.
[25] MWASILU F,JUSTO J J,RO K S,et al. Improvement of dy-namic performance of doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbine power system under an unbalanced grid voltage condition[J]. IET renewable power generation,2012,6(6):424-434.
[26]年珩,沈永波,宋亦鹏.不平衡及谐波电网电压下并网逆变器的直接功率控制策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1452-1458.NIAN Heng, SHEN Yongbo, SONG Yipeng. Direct power control strategy of grid connected inverter under unbalanced and harmonic grid voltage[J]. Power system technology,2014,38(6):1452-1458.
[27] TU Q,XU Z,CHANG Y,et al. Suppressing DC voltage rip-ples of MMC-HVDC under unbalanced grid conditions[J].IEEE transactions on power delivery,2012,27(3):1332-1338.
[28] ANTONOPOULOS A,ANGQUIST L,NEE H P. On dynam-ics and voltage control of the modular multilevel converter[C]//Proceedings of 13th European Conference on Power Elec-tronics and Applications. Barcelona:IEEE,2009:1-10.
[29]孔明,汤广福,贺之渊,等.不对称交流电网下MMC-HVDC输电系统的控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(28):41-49.KONG Ming,TANG Guangfu,HE Zhiyuan,et al. A control strategy for modular multilevel converter based HVDC of un-balanced AC systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(28):41-49.
[30] ANGQUIST L,ANTONOPOULOS A,SIEMASZKO D,et al.Open-loop control of modular multilevel converters using esti-mation of stored energy[J]. IEEE transactions on industry ap-plications,2011,47(6):2516-2524.