南海北部超深水区兴宁—靖海凹陷中—新生代构造演化及其油气勘探意义
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摘要
兴宁—靖海凹陷是南海北部超深水区洋陆过渡壳上的中—新生代叠合凹陷,是南海北部以中生界为目的层的油气勘探新领域。利用二维、三维地震资料联合精细解释,综合分析了兴宁—靖海凹陷的中—新生代凹陷结构特征、构造演化史和烃源岩特征。研究认为:兴宁—靖海凹陷中—新生代经历了中生代坳陷挤压剥蚀期、新生代以来的伸展断陷期和热沉降坳陷期三大构造演化阶段。受构造演化控制,兴宁—靖海凹陷发育三叠系、侏罗系及白垩系3套中生界烃源岩,海相泥岩是主力烃源岩;发育2套有利储盖组合,即中生界侏罗系与白垩系滨浅海相、滨浅湖相砂泥岩互层构成的储盖组合,以及新生界恩平组滨浅海相、三角洲相砂岩与珠海组海相泥岩构成的储盖组合;形成多种类型的圈闭,近凹圈闭带是有利勘探区带。
The Xingning-Jinghai sag is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic superimposed sag lying at the ultra-deep water transitional crust, and a new Mesozoic oil and gas exploration target in northern South China sea. Based on fine interpretation of 2 D and 3 D seismic data, the structural characteristics, structural evolution history and source rocks feature of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sag are analyzed comprehensively. The study results show that the Xingning-Jinghai sag has gone through three tectonic evolution stages: the Mesozoic compression and denudation, the stretching rift and thermal subsidence since the Cenozoic. Under the control of the structural evolution, three sets of Mesozoic source rocks, the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous, are developed, of which the Mesozoic marine mudstone is dominant; two sets of favorable reservoir-caprock assemblages are formed: one is the Jurassic and Cretaceous shallow marine and lacustrine sandstone-mudstone interlayers, and the other is the Cenozoic Enping Formation shallow marine and delta sandstone and the Zhuhai Formation marine mudstone; and several types of traps are developed, of which the traps near the sag are favorable exploration targets.
The Xingning-Jinghai sag is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic superimposed sag lying at the ultra-deep water transitional crust, and a new Mesozoic oil and gas exploration target in northern South China sea. Based on fine interpretation of 2 D and 3 D seismic data, the structural characteristics, structural evolution history and source rocks feature of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sag are analyzed comprehensively. The study results show that the Xingning-Jinghai sag has gone through three tectonic evolution stages: the Mesozoic compression and denudation, the stretching rift and thermal subsidence since the Cenozoic. Under the control of the structural evolution, three sets of Mesozoic source rocks, the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous, are developed, of which the Mesozoic marine mudstone is dominant; two sets of favorable reservoir-caprock assemblages are formed: one is the Jurassic and Cretaceous shallow marine and lacustrine sandstone-mudstone interlayers, and the other is the Cenozoic Enping Formation shallow marine and delta sandstone and the Zhuhai Formation marine mudstone; and several types of traps are developed, of which the traps near the sag are favorable exploration targets.
引文
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[20]邱燕,温宁.南海北部边缘东部海域中生界及油气勘探意义[J].地质通报,2004,23(2):142-146.Qiu Yan,Wen Ning.Mesozoic in the eastern sea area of the northern margin of the south China Sea and its significance for oil/gas exploration[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2004,23(2):142-146.
[21]张功成,王璞珺,吴景富,刘世翔,谢晓军.边缘海构造旋回:南海演化的新模式[J].地学前缘,2015,22(3):1-10.Zhang Gongcheng,Wang Pujun,Wu Jingfu,Liu Shixiang,Xie Xiaojun.Tectonic cycle of marginal oceanic basin:a new evolution model of the South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(3):27-37.
[22]刘世翔,张功成,赵志刚,谢晓军,王龙,宋双,等.南海构造旋回对曾母盆地油气成藏的控制作用[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(2):37-44.Liu Shixiang,Zhang Gongcheng,Zhao Zhigang,Xie Xiaojun,Wang Long,Song Shuang,et al.Control of tectonic cycle in South China Sea over hydrocarbon accumulation in the Zengmu Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(2):37-44.
[2]陈隽,郝沪军,林鹤鸣.潮汕坳陷地震资料的改善及中生界构造的新发现[J].中国海上油气(地质),2002,16(4):271-278.Chen Juan,Hao Hujun,Lin Heming.Quality improvement of seismic data and new identification of Mesozoic prospects in Chaoshan depression[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),2002,16(4):271-278.
[3]何家雄,姚永坚,马文宏,张树林,施小斌,刘海龄,等.南海东北部中生代残留盆地油气勘探现状与油气地质问题[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(5):635-642.He Jiaxiong,Yao Yongjian,Ma Wenhong,Zhang Shulin,Shi Xiaobin,Liu Hailing,et al.Status of oil&gas exploration and analysis of geological character in Mesozoic residual basin,northeastern South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(5):635-642.
[4]郝沪军,汪瑞良,张向涛,薛怀艳,陈光照.珠江口盆地东部海相中生界识别及分布[J].中国海上油气,2004,16(2):84-88.Hao Hujun,Wang Ruiliang,Zhang Xiangtao,Xue Huaiyan,Chen Guangzhao.Mesozoic marine sediment identification and distribution in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2004,16(2):84-88.
[5]郝沪军,施和生,张向涛,江天才,汤守立.潮汕坳陷中生界及其石油地质条件——基于LF35-1-1探索井钻探结果的讨论[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(3):151-156.Hao Hujun,Shi Hesheng,Zhang Xiangtao,Jiang Tiancai,Tang Shouli.Mesozoic sediments and their petroleum geology conditions in Chaoshan sag discussion based on drilling results from the exploratory well LF35-1-1[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(3):151-156.
[6]杨东升,赵志刚,杨海长,纪沫,仝中飞.处理解释一体化技术在南海北部深水区靖海凹陷的应用[J].热带海洋学报,2015,34(5):75-82.Yang Dongsheng,Zhao Zhigang,Yang Haizhang,Ji Mo,Tong Zhongfei.Application of integration of processing and interpretation techniques of Jinghai in the deep water area of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2015,34(5):75-82.
[7]张江阳,孙珍,张素芳.珠江口盆地潮汕坳陷中生代构造变形分析[J].热带海洋学报,2014,33(5):41-49.Zhang Jiangyang,Sun Zhen,Zhang Sufang.Analysis of Mesozoic tectonic deformation in the Chaoshan depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2014,33(5):41-49.
[8]姚伯初,万玲,刘振湖.南海海域新生代沉积盆地构造演化的动力学特征及其油气资源[J].地球科学,2004,29(5):543-549.Yao Bochu,Wan Ling,Liu Zhenhu.The dynamic characteristics and resources of oil and gas of tectonic evolution of sedimentary basins in Cenozoic South China Sea[J].Earth Sciences,2004,29(5):543-549.
[9]李平鲁.珠江口盆地构造结构及演化[J].中国海上油气(地质),1983,3(1):11-18.Li Pinglu.Tectonic structures and evolution of the Zhujiangkou Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1989,3(1):11-18.
[10]张功成,米立军,吴时国,陶维祥,何仕斌,吕建军.深水区——南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.Zhang Gongcheng,Mi Lijun,Wu Shiguo,Tao Weixiang,He Shibin,Lv Jianjun.Deepwater area:the new prospecting targets of northern continental margin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):15-21.
[11]杨海长,陈莹,纪沫,韩银学,王龙颖,黄萱.珠江口盆地深水区构造演化差异性与油气勘探意义[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(6):59-68.Yang Haizhang,Chen Ying,Ji Mo,Han Yinxue,Wang Longying,Huang Xuan.Structural evolution difference and the significance for oil and gas exploration in the deep water area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(6):59-68.
[12]何家雄,陈胜红,马文宏,龚晓峰.南海东北部珠江口盆地成生演化与油气运聚成藏规律[J].中国地质,2012,39(1):106-118.He Jiaxiong,Chen Shenghong,Ma Wenhong,Gong Xiaofeng.The evolution,migration and accumulation regularity of oil and gas in Zhujiangkou Basin,northeastern South China Sea[J].Geology in China,2012,39(1):106-118.
[13]鲁宝亮,王璞珺,吴景富,李伍志,王万银,郎元强.南海陆缘盆地中生界分布特征及其油气地质意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):497-503.Lu Baoliang,Wang Pujun,Wu Jingfu,Li Wuzhi,Wang Wanyin,Lang Yuanqiang.Distribution of the Mesozoic in the continental margin basins of the South China Sea and its petroliferous significance[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(4):497-502.
[14]杨少坤,林鹤鸣,郝沪军.珠江口盆地东部中生界海相油气勘探前景[J].石油学报,2002,23(5):28-34.Yang Shaokun,Lin Heming,Hao Hujun.Oli and gas exploration prospect of Mesozoic in the eastern Part of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(5):28-34.
[15]周蒂,王万银,庞雄,王家林,蔡东升,孙珍.地球物理资料揭示的南海东北部中生代俯冲增生带[J].中国科学:D辑,2006,36(3):209-21.Zhou Di,Wang Wanyin,Pang Xiong,Wang Jialin,Cai Dongsheng,Sun Zhen.The Mesozoic subduction zone in northeastern South China Sea revealed by Geophysics data[J].Science in China Series(D),2006,36(3):209-218.
[16]张强,吕福亮,贺晓苏,王彬,孙国忠.南海近5年油气勘探进展与启示[J].中国石油勘探,2018,23(1):54-61.Zhang Qiang,LüFuliang,He Xiaosu,Wang Bin,Sun Guozhong.Progress and enlightenment of oil and gas exploration in the South China Sea in recent five years[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2018,23(1):54-61.
[17]姚伯初,张莉,韦振权,易海,林珍,万玲,等.华南东部中生代构造特征及沉积盆地[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(3):47-60.Yao Bochu,Zhang Li,Wei Zhenquan,Yi Hai,Lin Zhen,Wan Ling,et al.The Mesozoic tectonic characteristics and sedimentary basins in the eastern margin of South China[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2011,31(3):47-60.
[18]李思田,路凤香,林畅松.中国东部及邻区中、新生代盆地演化及地球动力学背景[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997.Li Sitian,Lu Fengxiang,Lin Changsong.Evolution of Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins in eastern China and their geodynamic background[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1997.
[19]郝贻纯.中国白垩系[M].北京:地质出版社,1986.Hao Yichun.The Chinese Cretaceous[M].Beijing:The Geological Publishing House,1986.
[20]赵淑娟,吴时国,施和生,董冬冬,陈端新,王莹,等.南海北部东沙运动的构造特征及动力学机制探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):1008-1019.Zhao Shujuan,Wu Shiguo,Shi Hesheng,Dong Dongdong,Chen Duanxin,Wang Ying,et al.Structures and dynamic mechanism related to the Dongsha movement at the northern margin of South China Sea[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(3):1008-1019.
[20]邱燕,温宁.南海北部边缘东部海域中生界及油气勘探意义[J].地质通报,2004,23(2):142-146.Qiu Yan,Wen Ning.Mesozoic in the eastern sea area of the northern margin of the south China Sea and its significance for oil/gas exploration[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2004,23(2):142-146.
[21]张功成,王璞珺,吴景富,刘世翔,谢晓军.边缘海构造旋回:南海演化的新模式[J].地学前缘,2015,22(3):1-10.Zhang Gongcheng,Wang Pujun,Wu Jingfu,Liu Shixiang,Xie Xiaojun.Tectonic cycle of marginal oceanic basin:a new evolution model of the South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(3):27-37.
[22]刘世翔,张功成,赵志刚,谢晓军,王龙,宋双,等.南海构造旋回对曾母盆地油气成藏的控制作用[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(2):37-44.Liu Shixiang,Zhang Gongcheng,Zhao Zhigang,Xie Xiaojun,Wang Long,Song Shuang,et al.Control of tectonic cycle in South China Sea over hydrocarbon accumulation in the Zengmu Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(2):37-44.