基于碳氮同位素技术研究重金属在春季江苏近海食物网中的累积
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摘要
江苏近海自古以来是我国重要的渔业基地之一.近年来,随着沿海城市工业的发展,江苏近海局部地区重金属污染比较严重.目前,对重金属在江苏近海食物网中的传递和累积过程尚不明晰.本研究于2017年5月在江苏近海通过渔业资源调查采集生物样品(包括大型藻类、双壳类、头足类、腹足类、甲壳类和鱼类).在应用碳氮同位素构建食物网结构的基础上,量化物质循环和能量流动的主要途径,分析多种重金属元素在食物网中的累积规律.同位素测定结果显示,江苏近海生态系统中主要存在两条能量传递途径:即以毛蚶等为初级消费者的浮游食物链和以沟纹鬘螺为初级消费者的底层食物链,以底层食物链占优势;8种元素在海洋生物体内含量的平均值由高到低依次为Zn>Cu>As>Cd>Cr>Pb>Ni>Hg,总体来说,元素富集水平最高的是双壳类,最低的是鱼类;大多数生物体内的As含量超标,双壳类和口虾蛄的Cd、凤鲚的Cr及密鳞牡蛎的Zn、Cu、Cr均超过水产品安全标准;在浮游食物链中,Zn、Cd和Ni显著生物减小,在底层食物链中,Hg显著生物放大,其他元素在食物网中未见明显变化趋势.
The coastal waters in Jiangsu Province have always been an important fishery base since ancient time. In recent years, with the development of the industry in coastal cities, heavy metal pollution is becoming serious in Jiangsu Province. However, the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the coastal food web is still unclear. In this study, we collected samples(including macroalgae, bivalves, cephalopods, gastropods, crustaceans and fish) through fishery resources survey in the coastal waters of Jiangsu in May 2017 and quantified the main ways of the material circulation and energy flows by constructing the food web using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. In addition, the bioaccumulation patterns of eight elements(seven heavy metals and 1 metalloid) through the food chains were investigated. The results showed that there were two energy pathways in this offshore ecosystem: the planktonic food-chain and the benthic food-chain, with Scapharca subcrenata and Phalium strigatum as the primary consumers, respectively. The benthic food-chain was the dominant food chain in energy recycling. The mean concentration of heavy metals from high to low in orga-nisms were Zn, Cu, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Hg. The highest concentrations of elements were found in bivalves and the lowest ones in fish. The concentration of As in most species, the levels of Cd in bivalves and Oratosquilla oratoria, the Cr in Coilia mystus and the Zn, Cu, Cr in Ostrea denselamellosa exceeded the proposed health advisory levels. Regarding the bioaccumulation, a decrease in the concentration levels of Zn, Cd and Ni were observed along the planktonic food-chain and a significant positive correlation between Hg and trophic position were found across the benthic food-chain. Other elements had no significant change.
The coastal waters in Jiangsu Province have always been an important fishery base since ancient time. In recent years, with the development of the industry in coastal cities, heavy metal pollution is becoming serious in Jiangsu Province. However, the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the coastal food web is still unclear. In this study, we collected samples(including macroalgae, bivalves, cephalopods, gastropods, crustaceans and fish) through fishery resources survey in the coastal waters of Jiangsu in May 2017 and quantified the main ways of the material circulation and energy flows by constructing the food web using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. In addition, the bioaccumulation patterns of eight elements(seven heavy metals and 1 metalloid) through the food chains were investigated. The results showed that there were two energy pathways in this offshore ecosystem: the planktonic food-chain and the benthic food-chain, with Scapharca subcrenata and Phalium strigatum as the primary consumers, respectively. The benthic food-chain was the dominant food chain in energy recycling. The mean concentration of heavy metals from high to low in orga-nisms were Zn, Cu, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Hg. The highest concentrations of elements were found in bivalves and the lowest ones in fish. The concentration of As in most species, the levels of Cd in bivalves and Oratosquilla oratoria, the Cr in Coilia mystus and the Zn, Cu, Cr in Ostrea denselamellosa exceeded the proposed health advisory levels. Regarding the bioaccumulation, a decrease in the concentration levels of Zn, Cd and Ni were observed along the planktonic food-chain and a significant positive correlation between Hg and trophic position were found across the benthic food-chain. Other elements had no significant change.
引文
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[26] Choi JH,Sung BJ,Lee DW,et al.Feeding habits of yellow goose fish Lophius litulon and John Dory Zeus faber in the South Sea of Korea.Fisheries & Aquatic Science,2011,14:435-441
[27] Hobson KA.Applying isotopic methods to tracking animal movements.Terrestrial Ecology,2008,2:45-78
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[29] Bury NR,Walker PA,Glover CN.Nutritive metal uptake in teleost fish.Journal of Experimental Biology,2003,206:11-23
[30] Gray JS.Biomagnification in marine systems:The perspective of an ecologist.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,45:46-52
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[32] Dallinger R.Invertebrate organisms as biological indicators of heavy metal pollution.Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,1994,48:27-31
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[34] Sakata M,Ai M,Mitsunobu S,et al.Relationships between trace element concentrations and the stable nitrogen isotope ratio in biota from Suruga Bay,Japan.Journal of Oceanography,2015,71:141-149
[35] Pechova A,Pavlata L.Chromium as an essential nutrient:A review.Veterinarni Medicina-UZPI,2007,52:1-18
[36] Malik N,Biswas AK,Qureshi TA,et al.Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues of a freshwater lake of Bhopal.Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,2010,160:267-276
[37] Borrell A,Tornero V,Bhattacharjee D,et al.Trace element accumulation and trophic relationships in aquatic organisms of the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem (Bangladesh).Science of the Total Environment,2015,545/546:414-423
[38] Feng L (冯琳),Zhang L-Z (章龙珍),Zhuang P (庄平),et al.Lead accumulation and elimination in juvenile Acipenser sinensis tissues.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2010,21(2):476-482 (in Chinese)
[39] Signa G,Mazzola A,Tramati CD,et al.Diet and habitat use influence Hg and Cd transfer to fish and consequent biomagnification in a highly contaminated area:Augusta Bay (Mediterranean Sea).Environmental Pollution,2017,230:394-404
[40] Bustamante P,Cosson RP,Gallien I,et al.Cadmium detoxification processes in the digestive gland of cephalopods in relation to accumulated cadmium concentrations.Marine Environmental Research,2002,53:227-241
[41] Wang WX,Ke C.Dominance of dietary intake of cad-mium and zinc by two marine predatory gastropods.Aquatic Toxicology,2002,56:153-165
[42] Pethybridge H,Cossa D,Butler EC.Mercury in 16 demersal sharks from southeast Australia:Biotic and abiotic sources of variation and consumer health implications.Marine Environmental Research,2010,69:18-26
[43] Su S-M (苏世鸣),Zeng X-B (曾希柏),Bai L-Y (白玲玉),et al.Action mechanisms of microorganisms on arsenic and the feasibility of utilizing fungi in remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2010,21(12):3266-3272 (in Chinese)
[2] Zheng J-P (郑江鹏),Jiao X-M (矫新明),Fang N-J (方南娟),et al.Sources and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments in Jiangsu coastal areas.China Environmental Science (中国环境科学),2017,37(4):1514-1522 (in Chinese)
[3] Yuan X-Y (袁旭音),Qiao L (乔磊),Liu H-Y (刘红樱),et al.Heavy metal characteristics of several marine organisms in Jiangsu littoral zone and ecological evaluation.Journal of Hohai University (Natural Science) (河海大学学报:自然科学版),2005,33(3):237-240 (in Chinese)
[4] Bowles KC,Apte SC,Maher WA,et al.Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of mercury in Lake Murray,Papua.Journal Canadien Des Sciences Halieutiques et Aquatiques,2001,58:888-897
[5] Campbell LM,Norstrom RJ,Hobson KA,et al.Mer-cury and other trace elements in a pelagic Arctic marine food web (Northwater Polynya,Baffin Bay).Science of the Total Environment,2005,351:247-263
[6] Nfon E,Cousins IT,J?rvinen O,et al.Trophodynamics of mercury and other trace elements in a pelagic food chain from the Baltic Sea.Science of the Total Environment,2009,407:6267-6274
[7] Zhao L,Yang F,Yan X.Biomagnification of trace elements in a benthic food web:The case study of Deer Island (Northern Yellow Sea).Chemistry & Ecology,2013,29:197-207
[8] Cai D-L (蔡德陵),Li H-Y (李红燕),Tang Q-S (唐启升),et al.Establishment of continuous nutrient spectrum in food web of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea ecosystem:Results from stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N).Science in China (中国科学),2005,35(2):123-130 (in Chinese)
[9] Post DM.Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position:Models,methods,and assumptions.Ecology,2002,83:703-718
[10] Boutton TW.Stable carbon isotope ratios of natural materials.Ⅱ.Atmospheric,terrestrial,marine,and freshwater environments// Coleman DC,Fry B,eds.Carbon Isotope Techniques.New York:Academic Press,1991:173-185
[11] Fry B,Sherr EB.δ13C measurements as indicators of carbon flow in marine and fresh water ecosystems.Contribution in Marine Science,1984,27:13-47
[12] State Oceanic Administration (国家海洋局).The Speci-fication for Marine Monitoring.Beijing:China Standards Press,2007 (in Chinese)
[13] Ricca MA,Miles AK,Anthony RG,et al.Effect of lipid extraction on analyses of stable carbon and stable nitrogen isotopes in coastal organisms of the Aleutian archipelago.Canadian Journal of Zoology,2007,85:40-48
[14] Kidd KA,Bootsma HA,Hesslein RH,et al.Biomagnification of DDT through the benthic and pelagic food webs of Lake Malawi,East Africa:Importance of trophic level and carbon source.Environmental Science & Technology,2001,35:14-20
[15] General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China (国家药品监督检验检疫总局).Marine Biological Quality (GB 18421-2001).Beijing:China Standards Press,2001 (in Chinese)
[16] National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China (国家卫生和计划生育委员会).National Standards for Food Safety (Limits on Contaminants in Food) (GB 2762-2017).Beijing:China Standards Press,2017 (in Chinese)
[17] General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine (国家质量监督检验检疫总局).Saferty Qualification for Agricultural Product-Safety Requirements for Non-environmental Pollution AquaticProducts.Beijing:China Standards Press,2001 (in Chinese)
[18] Du S (杜森),Zhou Y-Y (周岩岩),Zhang L (张黎).Application of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) in studies on heavy metals bioaccumulation in Daya Bay food web.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2017,28(7):2327-2338 (in Chinese)
[19] Wu Q-Y (吴庆元),Jiang M (蒋玫),Li L (李磊).Effects of salinity stress on feeding,growth and biochemical composition of juvenile mullet (Mugil cepha-lus).Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin (长江流域资源与环境),2014,23(suppl.):112-117 (in Chinese)
[20] Riccialdelli L,Newsome SD,Fogel ML,et al.Trophic interactions and food web structure of a subantarctic marine food web in the Beagle Channel:Bahía Lapataia,Argentina.Polar Biology,2017,40:807-821
[21] Song H-T (宋海棠).Economic Shrimp and Crabs of East China Sea .Beijing:Ocean Press,2006 (in Chinese)
[22] Zhang S-P (张素萍).Mollusks of the Yellow sea and Bohai Sea.Beijing:Science Press,2016 (in Chinese)
[23] Vadeboncoeur Y,Zanden MJV,Lodge DM.Putting the lake back together:Reintegrating benthic pathways into lake food web models.Bioscience,2002,52:44-54
[24] Fariňa AC,Azevedo M,Landa J,et al.Lophius in the world:A synthesis on the common features and life strate-gies.ICES Journal of Marine Science,2008,65:1272-1280
[25] Zhang X-J (张学健),Cheng J-H (程家骅),Sheng W (沈伟),et al.Feeding ecology of Lophius litulon in the south of Yellow Sea.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2010,30(12):3117-3125 (in Chinese)
[26] Choi JH,Sung BJ,Lee DW,et al.Feeding habits of yellow goose fish Lophius litulon and John Dory Zeus faber in the South Sea of Korea.Fisheries & Aquatic Science,2011,14:435-441
[27] Hobson KA.Applying isotopic methods to tracking animal movements.Terrestrial Ecology,2008,2:45-78
[28] Watanabe T,Kiron V,Satoh S.Trace minerals in fish nutrition.Aquaculture,1968,151:185-207
[29] Bury NR,Walker PA,Glover CN.Nutritive metal uptake in teleost fish.Journal of Experimental Biology,2003,206:11-23
[30] Gray JS.Biomagnification in marine systems:The perspective of an ecologist.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,45:46-52
[31] Bodin N,Lesperance D,Albert R,et al.Trace elements in oceanic pelagic communities in the western Indian Ocean.Chemosphere,2017,174:354-362
[32] Dallinger R.Invertebrate organisms as biological indicators of heavy metal pollution.Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,1994,48:27-31
[33] Guo B,Jiao D,Jing W,et al.Trophic transfer of toxic elements in the estuarine invertebrate and fish food web of Daliao River,Liaodong Bay,China.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,113:258-265
[34] Sakata M,Ai M,Mitsunobu S,et al.Relationships between trace element concentrations and the stable nitrogen isotope ratio in biota from Suruga Bay,Japan.Journal of Oceanography,2015,71:141-149
[35] Pechova A,Pavlata L.Chromium as an essential nutrient:A review.Veterinarni Medicina-UZPI,2007,52:1-18
[36] Malik N,Biswas AK,Qureshi TA,et al.Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues of a freshwater lake of Bhopal.Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,2010,160:267-276
[37] Borrell A,Tornero V,Bhattacharjee D,et al.Trace element accumulation and trophic relationships in aquatic organisms of the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem (Bangladesh).Science of the Total Environment,2015,545/546:414-423
[38] Feng L (冯琳),Zhang L-Z (章龙珍),Zhuang P (庄平),et al.Lead accumulation and elimination in juvenile Acipenser sinensis tissues.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2010,21(2):476-482 (in Chinese)
[39] Signa G,Mazzola A,Tramati CD,et al.Diet and habitat use influence Hg and Cd transfer to fish and consequent biomagnification in a highly contaminated area:Augusta Bay (Mediterranean Sea).Environmental Pollution,2017,230:394-404
[40] Bustamante P,Cosson RP,Gallien I,et al.Cadmium detoxification processes in the digestive gland of cephalopods in relation to accumulated cadmium concentrations.Marine Environmental Research,2002,53:227-241
[41] Wang WX,Ke C.Dominance of dietary intake of cad-mium and zinc by two marine predatory gastropods.Aquatic Toxicology,2002,56:153-165
[42] Pethybridge H,Cossa D,Butler EC.Mercury in 16 demersal sharks from southeast Australia:Biotic and abiotic sources of variation and consumer health implications.Marine Environmental Research,2010,69:18-26
[43] Su S-M (苏世鸣),Zeng X-B (曾希柏),Bai L-Y (白玲玉),et al.Action mechanisms of microorganisms on arsenic and the feasibility of utilizing fungi in remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2010,21(12):3266-3272 (in Chinese)