采动裂隙煤岩破裂过程热红外辐射异化特征
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摘要
高应力强卸荷下煤岩动力破坏现象频发,明确煤岩破裂前兆信息是保障深部煤炭安全开采的重要内容。为定量研究采动裂隙煤岩破裂过程热红外辐射异化特征,采用实验手段分析受载下裂隙煤岩体损伤直至破裂过程热红外辐射温度时域演化规律与异常区域迁移特征,对比分析预制结构面对红外辐射异化特征的影响,揭示热红外辐射温度场与声发射耗散能量间的关系。结果表明:裂隙煤岩破裂过程热红外辐射温度时域演化规律划分为Tave的平静、小幅波动、快速增加和快速降低4个阶段。Tave极值出现在0.77σp,可作为煤岩临近破裂的前兆特征;热红外辐射异常区域的迁移特征可作为煤岩破裂的重要前兆现象,σ≥0.30σp开始出现大面积整体性升温,σ≥0.77σp温度仍保持整体性增加,但温度最大值开始降低,σ≥σp以热红外辐射低温异常区域为主;预制结构面的存在对裂隙煤岩的力学响应特征起到决定性作用,且平行结构面造成的强度劣化最为显著,对岩石工程的安全影响最大。裂隙煤岩破裂红外辐射异常区域集于制结构面附近,红外辐射温度异常区域迁移与声发射能量突变基本保持一致。
Dynamic failure events of fractured coal-rock mass frequently occur due to intense stress relief of high-stress coal. It is of significance to figure out coal failure omens for guaranteeing safe mining in deep coalmines. In order to quantitatively study thermal infrared radiation(TIR) variation of fractured coal-rock mass failure during mining, this paper offered an experimental method for analyzing damage to fracture process of coal-rock masses under loading condition. Both the TIR temperature temporal evolution and its migration rules of anomaly zones were revealed. Meanwhile, the effect of prefabricated structural planes on TIR variation was investigated. Relationship between TIR temperature field and dissipated energies of acoustic emission(AE) was determined. Research results indicate that TIR temperature temporal evolution include four stages of Tave calm stage, Tave slight fluctuation stage,Tave rapid increase stage and Tave rapid decrease stage. Tave reaches the maximum when σ being 0.77σp.This phenomenon could be regarded as one of the failure omens. Furthermore, the migration rules of anomaly zones are other important omens. The TIR temperature field emerges a large-scale warming when σ being equal or greater than 0.30σp. While σ being equal or greater than 0.77σp, the temperature generally keeps increasing, but the maximum of TIR temperature starts to decrease. The microthermal anomaly zone is predominant after fractured coal-rock mass failure. The prefabricated structural planes play a crucial role in mechanical response characteristics of fractured coal-rock mass. In particular, the deterioration induced by parallel structural plane is most prominent. The parallel structural plane has the greatest impact on rock engineering safety. The anomaly zones are mainly near the structural planes, and the anomaly-zone migration basically keeps consistent with AE energies.
Dynamic failure events of fractured coal-rock mass frequently occur due to intense stress relief of high-stress coal. It is of significance to figure out coal failure omens for guaranteeing safe mining in deep coalmines. In order to quantitatively study thermal infrared radiation(TIR) variation of fractured coal-rock mass failure during mining, this paper offered an experimental method for analyzing damage to fracture process of coal-rock masses under loading condition. Both the TIR temperature temporal evolution and its migration rules of anomaly zones were revealed. Meanwhile, the effect of prefabricated structural planes on TIR variation was investigated. Relationship between TIR temperature field and dissipated energies of acoustic emission(AE) was determined. Research results indicate that TIR temperature temporal evolution include four stages of Tave calm stage, Tave slight fluctuation stage,Tave rapid increase stage and Tave rapid decrease stage. Tave reaches the maximum when σ being 0.77σp.This phenomenon could be regarded as one of the failure omens. Furthermore, the migration rules of anomaly zones are other important omens. The TIR temperature field emerges a large-scale warming when σ being equal or greater than 0.30σp. While σ being equal or greater than 0.77σp, the temperature generally keeps increasing, but the maximum of TIR temperature starts to decrease. The microthermal anomaly zone is predominant after fractured coal-rock mass failure. The prefabricated structural planes play a crucial role in mechanical response characteristics of fractured coal-rock mass. In particular, the deterioration induced by parallel structural plane is most prominent. The parallel structural plane has the greatest impact on rock engineering safety. The anomaly zones are mainly near the structural planes, and the anomaly-zone migration basically keeps consistent with AE energies.
引文
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[15]董玉芬,王来贵,刘向峰,等.岩石变形过程中红外辐射的实验研究[J].岩土力学,2001,22(2):134-137.DONG Yufen,WANG Laigui,LIU Xiangfeng,et al.The experiment research of the infrared radiation in the process of rock deformation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(2):134-137.
[16]吴立新,唐春安,钟声,等.非连续断层破裂红外辐射与声发射、应力场的对比研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1111-1117.WU Lixin,TANG Chun’an,ZHONG Sheng,et al.Comparison of thermal infrared radiation from discontinuous jointed faults fracturing with its acoustic emission and stress field[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(6):1111-1117.
[17]刘善军,吴立新,王金庄,等.遥感-岩石力学(VI):岩石摩擦滑移特征及其影响因素分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1247-1251.LIU Shanjun,WU Lixin,WANG Jinzhuang,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(VI):Features of rock friction-sliding and analysis on its influence factors[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1247-1251.
[18]马立强,张东升,郭晓炜,等.煤单轴加载破裂时的差分红外方差特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(增刊2):3927-3934.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,GUO Xiaowei,et al.Characteristics on the variance of differential infrared image sequence during coal failures under uniaxial loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(Sup 2):3927-3934.
[19]单鹏飞,崔峰,曹建涛,等.考虑区域地应力特征的裂隙煤岩流固耦合特性实验[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):105-117.SHAN Pengfei,CUI Feng,CAO Jiantao,et al.Testing on fluid-solid coupling characteristics of fractured coalrock mass considering regional geostress characteristics[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):105-117.
[20]HUDSON J A,CROUCH S,FAIRHURST C E.Soft,stiff and servo-controlled testing machines[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(3):279-289.
[21]马瑾,陈顺云,刘培洵,等.用卫星热红外信息研究关联断层活动的时空变化:以南北地震构造带为例[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):816-823.MA Jin,CHEN Shunyun,LIU Peixun,et al.Temporal-spatial variations of associated faulting inferred from satellite infrared information:a case study of the N-S seismo-tectonic zone in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(3):816-823.
[2]刘善军,吴立新,王川婴,等.遥感-岩石力学(VIII):论岩石破裂的热红外前兆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(10):1621-1627.LIU Shanjun,WU Lixin,WANG Chuanying,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(VIII):TIR omens of rock fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(10):1621-1627.
[3]来兴平,孙欢,蔡明,等.急斜煤层浅转深综放开采煤岩动力灾害诱发机理[J].西安科技大学学报,2017,37(3):305-311.LAI Xingping,SUN Huan,CAI Ming,et al.Mechanism of dynamic hazards due to coal and rock mass instability in extremely steep coal seams with the deepening mining[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017,37(3):305-311.
[4]SUN H,MA L Q,ADELEKE N,et al.Background thermal noise correction methodology for average infrared radiation temperature of coal under uniaxial loading[J].Infrared Physics&Technology,2017,81:157-165.
[5]MA L Q,SUN H.Spatial-temporal infrared radiation precursors of coal failure under uniaxial compressive loading[J].Infrared Physics&Technology,2018,93:144-153.
[6]MA L Q,SUN H,ZHANG Y,et al.The role of stress in controlling infrared radiation during coal and rock failures[J].Strain,2018,54(6):e12295.
[7]LUONG M P.Infrared thermovision of damage processes in concrete and rock[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1990,35(1-3):127-135.
[8]崔承禹,邓明德,耿乃光.在不同压力下岩石光谱辐射特性研究[J].科学通报,1993,38(6):538-541.CUI Chengyu,DENG Mingde,GENG Naiguang.Research on spectral radiant properties of rocks under different pressure[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1993,38(6):538-541.
[9]刘善军,魏嘉磊,黄建伟,等.岩石加载过程中红外辐射温度场演化的定量分析方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(5):2968-2975.LIU Shanjun,WEI Jialei,HUANG Jianwei,et al.Quantitative analysis methods of infrared radiation temperature field variation in rock loading process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(5):2968-2975.
[10]WU L X,LIU S J,WU Y H,et al.Changes in infrared radiation with rock deformation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(4):825-831.
[11]谭志宏,唐春安,朱万成,等.含缺陷花岗岩破坏过程中的红外热像试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2977-2981.TAN Zhihong,TANG Chun’an,ZHU Wancheng,et al.Experimental study on infrared thermal image for failure process of granite with fracture[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2977-2981.
[12]吴立新,王金庄.煤岩受压红外热象与辐射温度特征实验[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),1998,28(1):41-46.WU Lixin,WANG Jinzhuang.Infrared thermal image and radiation temperature characteristics of coal rock compression experiment[J].Chinese Science(D:Earth Science),1998,28(1):41-46.
[13]MA L Q,SUN H,ZHANG Y,et al.Characteristics of infrared radiation of coal specimens under uniaxial loading[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(4):1567-1572.
[14]来兴平,孙欢,单鹏飞,等.急倾斜坚硬岩柱动态破裂“声-热”演化特征实验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2285-2292.LAI Xingping,SUN Huan,SHAN Pengfei,et al.Acoustic emission and temperature variation in failure process of hard rock pillars sandwiched between thick coal seams of extremely steep[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2285-2292.
[15]董玉芬,王来贵,刘向峰,等.岩石变形过程中红外辐射的实验研究[J].岩土力学,2001,22(2):134-137.DONG Yufen,WANG Laigui,LIU Xiangfeng,et al.The experiment research of the infrared radiation in the process of rock deformation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(2):134-137.
[16]吴立新,唐春安,钟声,等.非连续断层破裂红外辐射与声发射、应力场的对比研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1111-1117.WU Lixin,TANG Chun’an,ZHONG Sheng,et al.Comparison of thermal infrared radiation from discontinuous jointed faults fracturing with its acoustic emission and stress field[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(6):1111-1117.
[17]刘善军,吴立新,王金庄,等.遥感-岩石力学(VI):岩石摩擦滑移特征及其影响因素分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1247-1251.LIU Shanjun,WU Lixin,WANG Jinzhuang,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(VI):Features of rock friction-sliding and analysis on its influence factors[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1247-1251.
[18]马立强,张东升,郭晓炜,等.煤单轴加载破裂时的差分红外方差特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(增刊2):3927-3934.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,GUO Xiaowei,et al.Characteristics on the variance of differential infrared image sequence during coal failures under uniaxial loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(Sup 2):3927-3934.
[19]单鹏飞,崔峰,曹建涛,等.考虑区域地应力特征的裂隙煤岩流固耦合特性实验[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):105-117.SHAN Pengfei,CUI Feng,CAO Jiantao,et al.Testing on fluid-solid coupling characteristics of fractured coalrock mass considering regional geostress characteristics[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):105-117.
[20]HUDSON J A,CROUCH S,FAIRHURST C E.Soft,stiff and servo-controlled testing machines[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(3):279-289.
[21]马瑾,陈顺云,刘培洵,等.用卫星热红外信息研究关联断层活动的时空变化:以南北地震构造带为例[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):816-823.MA Jin,CHEN Shunyun,LIU Peixun,et al.Temporal-spatial variations of associated faulting inferred from satellite infrared information:a case study of the N-S seismo-tectonic zone in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(3):816-823.