冈底斯岩浆弧东段变泥质岩的逆时针P-T-t轨迹与构造机制
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摘要
青藏高原南部冈底斯岩浆弧东段出露的中-高级变质岩代表岩浆弧的中-下地壳,是研究岩浆弧深部组成与形成演化的理想载体。本文对冈底斯弧东段布久地区的变泥质岩,即石榴石夕线石云母片岩进行了岩石学、相平衡模拟和地质年代学研究。岩石学和相平衡模拟表明,片岩由黑云母、白云母、石榴石、夕线石、斜长石、石英及少量的钛铁矿、金红石组成,含或不含蓝晶石,经历了早期的低压麻粒岩相变质与部分熔融,变质温压条件为～7kbar和～770℃,中期的高压麻粒岩相变质与深熔作用,变质温压条件为～10. 5kbar和～775℃,以及晚期的角闪岩相退变质与熔体结晶作用,退变质温压条件为～7. 5kbar和～705℃,具有逆时针型的变质作用P-T-t轨迹。本文和现有年代学研究表明,片岩的早期的低压麻粒岩相变质与部分熔融发生在～70Ma,后续高压麻粒岩相变质与深熔发生在50～45Ma,晚期角闪岩相退变质与熔体结晶开始于45Ma,持续到25Ma。大体积幔源岩浆底侵导致的地壳加热与加厚,以及大陆碰撞导致的地壳缩短与加厚是冈底斯弧表壳岩在晚中生代至早新生代被埋藏到下地壳,经历长期持续高温、高压变质与部分熔融的构造机制,而加厚岩石圈地幔在渐新世的拆沉导致了岩浆弧加厚下地壳的折返。
Middle-to high-grade metamorphic rocks exposed in the eastern Gangdese magmatic arc,southern Tibet,represent the middle and lower crust of the arc. These rocks are ideal carriers for studying the deep component and evolution of the magma arc. This paper presents a combined study of petrology,phase equilibrium modeling and geochronology of the pelitic schists from the Bujiu area,eastern Gangdese arc. Petrography and phase equilibrium modeling show that the schists consist of biotite,muscovite,garnet,sillimanite,plagioclase,quartz and minor ilmenite and rutile,with or without kyanite,and experienced an early low-pressure granulitefaices metamorphism and partial melting under conditions of ～ 7 kbar and ～ 770℃, subsequent high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism and anatexis under conditions of ～ 10. 5 kbar and ～ 775℃, and a late amphibolite-facies metamorphism and crystallization under conditions of ～ 7. 5 kbar and ～ 705℃. Therefore,the studied schist records an anticlockwise P-T-t path. The present zircon dating data and the previous results probably indicate that the early low-pressure granulite-faices metamorphism and partial melting occurred at ～ 70 Ma,subsequent high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism and anatexis at 50 ～ 45 Ma,and late amphibolite-facies metamorphism and crystallization begun at ～ 45 Ma and lasted to ～ 25 Ma. The underplating and accretion of voluminous mantle-derived magma,and the continental collision resulted in the crustal shorting and thickening of the Gangdese arc,which in turn induced the long-lived high-temperature,high-pressure metamorphism and partial melting of the supracrustal rocks in the Gangdese arc. The delamination of the thickened lithospheric mantle of the Gangdese arc root during theOligocene probably resulted in exhumation of the arc lower crust.
Middle-to high-grade metamorphic rocks exposed in the eastern Gangdese magmatic arc,southern Tibet,represent the middle and lower crust of the arc. These rocks are ideal carriers for studying the deep component and evolution of the magma arc. This paper presents a combined study of petrology,phase equilibrium modeling and geochronology of the pelitic schists from the Bujiu area,eastern Gangdese arc. Petrography and phase equilibrium modeling show that the schists consist of biotite,muscovite,garnet,sillimanite,plagioclase,quartz and minor ilmenite and rutile,with or without kyanite,and experienced an early low-pressure granulitefaices metamorphism and partial melting under conditions of ～ 7 kbar and ～ 770℃, subsequent high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism and anatexis under conditions of ～ 10. 5 kbar and ～ 775℃, and a late amphibolite-facies metamorphism and crystallization under conditions of ～ 7. 5 kbar and ～ 705℃. Therefore,the studied schist records an anticlockwise P-T-t path. The present zircon dating data and the previous results probably indicate that the early low-pressure granulite-faices metamorphism and partial melting occurred at ～ 70 Ma,subsequent high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism and anatexis at 50 ～ 45 Ma,and late amphibolite-facies metamorphism and crystallization begun at ～ 45 Ma and lasted to ～ 25 Ma. The underplating and accretion of voluminous mantle-derived magma,and the continental collision resulted in the crustal shorting and thickening of the Gangdese arc,which in turn induced the long-lived high-temperature,high-pressure metamorphism and partial melting of the supracrustal rocks in the Gangdese arc. The delamination of the thickened lithospheric mantle of the Gangdese arc root during theOligocene probably resulted in exhumation of the arc lower crust.
引文
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