基于历史数据的小城市灾害演变特征研究——以西平县为例
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摘要
以河南省西平县为例,结合地方志以及各部门行业志中记载的灾害历史数据,选取记载较为详细以及影响周期较长的灾害种类,对不同灾害在不同时段的特征进行量化分析研究,从而总结出灾害的演变特征;通过影响区域、频率、可能性、易损性四个评估因子进行打分,进行主要灾种的识别,从而为从西平县的城市综合防灾规划与建设提供依据。研究结果表明:火灾与爆炸灾害是西平县目前首位需要针对预防的灾害种类;洪涝灾害近几年发生频率较小,但风险程度较高,不容忽视;气象灾害造成的影响与日俱增,需重点针对。
Taking Xiping County of Henan Province as an example,combined with the historical data of disasters recorded in the local chronicles and the trade journals of various departments,we select some types of disasters with more detailed records and long impact period,and then quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of different disasters at different time periods to summarize the evolution characteristics of disasters. Through scoring the four assessment factors of influence area,frequency,possibility and vulnerability,we identified main disasters,which could provide a basis for urban comprehensive disaster prevention planning and construction in Xiping County. It's concluded that fire and explosion stand as the foremost two types of disasters that should be prevented with targeted measures in Xiping County. Flood disasters occur less frequently in recent years,but its risk level is high,which can not be ignored. The impact of meteorological disasters is increasing day by day,which needs to be focused on.
Taking Xiping County of Henan Province as an example,combined with the historical data of disasters recorded in the local chronicles and the trade journals of various departments,we select some types of disasters with more detailed records and long impact period,and then quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of different disasters at different time periods to summarize the evolution characteristics of disasters. Through scoring the four assessment factors of influence area,frequency,possibility and vulnerability,we identified main disasters,which could provide a basis for urban comprehensive disaster prevention planning and construction in Xiping County. It's concluded that fire and explosion stand as the foremost two types of disasters that should be prevented with targeted measures in Xiping County. Flood disasters occur less frequently in recent years,but its risk level is high,which can not be ignored. The impact of meteorological disasters is increasing day by day,which needs to be focused on.
引文
[1]刘德宾.2017年末中国城镇化率升至58.52%[EB/OL].新华社,(2018-02-04)[2018-12-11].http://news.sina.com.cn/c/nd/2018-02-04/docifyreuzn2669399.shtml
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[4]张震宇,王文楷.河南省自然灾害特征及演变趋势[J].中国减灾,1993,1(3):43-46+35.
[5]汪铎,郭文扬.浙江金衢盆地主要气候灾害演变分析[J].苏州科技学院学报(社会科学),1993(S4):33-40.
[6]叶正伟,许有鹏,徐金涛.江苏里下河地区洪涝灾害演变趋势与成灾机理分析[J].地理科学,2009,29(6):880-885.
[7]徐小钰,朱记伟,解建仓,等.陕西省1470-2012年旱涝灾害时空分布特征及演变趋势分析[J].西安理工大学学报,2015,31(2):231-237
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[9]姚长健.西平县志[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,1990.
[10]王廷军.西平县志[M].郑州:中州古籍出版社,2005.
[11]西平县卫生防疫志编纂委员会.西平县卫生防疫志[M].郑州:中州古籍出版社,2012.
[12]侯世勋,靳明建.浅析火灾成因、预防措施及其逃生方法[J].安全,2013,34(8):68-70.
[13]洪涝灾害发生的原因带来的危害,有效的预防措施[EB/OL].百度知道,(2015-04-19)[2018-12-11].https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/71793179.html
[14]翟盘茂,章国材.气候变化与气象灾害[J].科技导报,2004,22(7):11-14.
[15]张培震.中国地震灾害与防震减灾[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):577-583.
[16]贺鹏.基于空袭灾难风险分区的人防工程布局规划研究[D].湖南:中南大学,2013.
[2]杜玉寒.2017年全国自然灾害基本情况[EB/OL].民政部门户网站,(2018-02-01)[2018-12-11].http://www.jianzai.gov.cn/DRpublish/ywcp/0000000000027782.html
[3]戴慎志.城市综合防灾规划[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.
[4]张震宇,王文楷.河南省自然灾害特征及演变趋势[J].中国减灾,1993,1(3):43-46+35.
[5]汪铎,郭文扬.浙江金衢盆地主要气候灾害演变分析[J].苏州科技学院学报(社会科学),1993(S4):33-40.
[6]叶正伟,许有鹏,徐金涛.江苏里下河地区洪涝灾害演变趋势与成灾机理分析[J].地理科学,2009,29(6):880-885.
[7]徐小钰,朱记伟,解建仓,等.陕西省1470-2012年旱涝灾害时空分布特征及演变趋势分析[J].西安理工大学学报,2015,31(2):231-237
[8]邵文杰.河南省志[M].郑州:河南人民出版社,1993.
[9]姚长健.西平县志[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,1990.
[10]王廷军.西平县志[M].郑州:中州古籍出版社,2005.
[11]西平县卫生防疫志编纂委员会.西平县卫生防疫志[M].郑州:中州古籍出版社,2012.
[12]侯世勋,靳明建.浅析火灾成因、预防措施及其逃生方法[J].安全,2013,34(8):68-70.
[13]洪涝灾害发生的原因带来的危害,有效的预防措施[EB/OL].百度知道,(2015-04-19)[2018-12-11].https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/71793179.html
[14]翟盘茂,章国材.气候变化与气象灾害[J].科技导报,2004,22(7):11-14.
[15]张培震.中国地震灾害与防震减灾[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):577-583.
[16]贺鹏.基于空袭灾难风险分区的人防工程布局规划研究[D].湖南:中南大学,2013.