古近纪气候变化在东海盆地内的化石记录
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摘要
古近纪气候演化经历了由"温室气候"向"温凉气候"转变的过程,在此期间发生了三次显著的气候事件,分别为PETM极热事件、Oi-L骤冷事件和Mi-L降温事件。利用东海陆架盆地内孢粉、有孔虫等古生物资料探讨了全球古气候变化背景下东海陆架盆地内古生物差异性变化,并根据特征孢粉组合恢复东海陆架盆地内不同时期古植被以及古气候,在此基础上将东海陆架盆地温度、湿度变化曲线与全球温度变化曲线、海平面变化作对比分析,结果显示东海陆架盆地气候演变与全球气候变化具有一定的耦合关系,并且对渐新世时期东海陆架盆地气候变化的原因进行了初步探讨,认为渐新世时期季风气候的形成导致了东海陆架盆地花港组整体呈现湿润的气候特征。
The climate evolution of the Paleogene experienced changing from "greenhouse climate" to "ice chamber climate". During this period, three significant climate events occurred: the PETM event, the Oi-L event and the Mi-L event. Using pollen and foraminifera data, we discuss the ancient biological differences in the East China Sea Shelf Basin based on the global palaeoclimate. According to the characteristics of the pollen assemblage with the monsoon climate formed in the Oligocene, we restore the ancient plant and climate patterns in the East China Sea Shelf Basin. Based on this, a comparison was carried out on the temperature and humidity changes in the East China Sea Shelf Basin, with special references to global temperature and sea level changes. We suggest that a certain coupling relationship exists between the climate changes in the East China Sea Shelf Basin and global sea level change, which helps us better understand climate change in the East China Sea Shelf Basin during the Oligocene. The formation of the monsoon climate during the Oligocene led to the humid climate characteristics of the Huagang Formation in the East China Sea Shelf Basin.
The climate evolution of the Paleogene experienced changing from "greenhouse climate" to "ice chamber climate". During this period, three significant climate events occurred: the PETM event, the Oi-L event and the Mi-L event. Using pollen and foraminifera data, we discuss the ancient biological differences in the East China Sea Shelf Basin based on the global palaeoclimate. According to the characteristics of the pollen assemblage with the monsoon climate formed in the Oligocene, we restore the ancient plant and climate patterns in the East China Sea Shelf Basin. Based on this, a comparison was carried out on the temperature and humidity changes in the East China Sea Shelf Basin, with special references to global temperature and sea level changes. We suggest that a certain coupling relationship exists between the climate changes in the East China Sea Shelf Basin and global sea level change, which helps us better understand climate change in the East China Sea Shelf Basin during the Oligocene. The formation of the monsoon climate during the Oligocene led to the humid climate characteristics of the Huagang Formation in the East China Sea Shelf Basin.
引文
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[13] 王曦,万晓樵,李国彪. 西藏岗巴地区古新世—始新世界线地层及底栖大有孔虫的演替[J]. 微体古生物学报,2010,27(2):109-117. [Wang Xi, Wan Xiaoqiao, Li Guobiao. Turnover of larger benthic foraminifera during the Paleocene-Eocene stratigraphic boundary in Gamba, Tibet[J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 2010, 27(2): 109-117.]
[14] 宋晓彦. 滇西北地区晚更新世以来植被演替与气候变化研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院植物研究所,2007. [Song Xiaoyan. Study on vegetation succession and climate change since Late Pleistocene in Northwest Yunnan[D]. Beijing: Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2007.]
[15] 陈瑜,倪健. 利用孢粉记录定量重建大尺度古植被格局[J]. 植物生态学报,2008,32(5):1201-1212. [Chen Yu, Ni Jian. Quantitative palaeovegetation reconstruction at large scale based on pollen records[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1201-1212.]
[16] 倪健. 孢粉生物群区化与古植被定量重建[J]. 第四纪研究,2013,33(6):1091-1100. [Ni Jian. Biomisation and quantitative palaeovegetation reconstruction[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2013, 33(6): 1091-1100.]
[17] Zachos J C, Lohmann K C, Walker J C G, et al. Abrupt climate change and transient climates during the Paleogene: A marine perspective[J]. Journal of Geology, 1993, 101(2): 191-213.
[18] 刘东生,郑绵平,郭正堂. 亚洲季风系统的起源和发展及其与两极冰盖和区域构造运动的时代耦合性[J]. 第四纪研究,1998,18(3):194-204. [Liu Tungsheng, Zheng Mianping, Guo Zhengtang. Initiation and evolution of the Asian monsoon system timely coupled with the ice-sheet growth and the tectonic movements in Asia[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1998, 18(3): 194-204.]
[2] 陆钧,陈木宏. 新生代主要全球气候事件研究进展[J]. 热带海洋学报,2006,25(6):72-79. [Lu Jun, Chen Muhong. Global climate events since Cenozoic[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2006, 25(6): 72-79.]
[3] Zachos J, Pagani M, Sloan L, et al. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present[J]. Science, 2001, 292(5517): 686-693.
[4] Haq B U, Hardenbol J, Vail P R. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Chronostratigraphy and cycles of sea-level change[M]//Wagoner J C. Sea-level change—an integrated approach. Algiers: SEPM Special Publication, 1988: 71-108.
[5] Miller K G, Kominz M A, Browning J V, et al. The Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change[J]. Science, 2005, 310(5752): 1293-1298.
[6] 拓守廷,刘志飞. 始新世—渐新世界线的全球气候事件:从"温室"到"冰室"[J]. 地球科学进展,2003,18(5):691-696. [Tuo Shouting, Liu Zhifei. Global climate event at the Eocene-Oligocene transition: From greenhouse to icehouse[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2003, 18(5): 691-696.]
[7] Bralower T J, Silva I P, Malone M J. New evidence for abrupt climate change in the cretaceous and paleogene: An ocean drilling program expedition to shatsky rise, Northwest Pacific[J]. GSA Today, 2002, 12(11): 4-10.
[8] 陈祚伶,丁仲礼. 古新世—始新世极热事件研究进展[C]//中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届(2011年度)学术年会论文集(中). 兰州:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2012:937-950. [Chen Zuoling, Ding Zhongli. Research progress of Paleocene-Eocene thermal events[C]//Institute of geology and geophysics, Chinese academy of sciences, academic proceedings of the 11th (2011) annual conference (middle). Lanzhou: Institute of Geology And Geophysics, 2012: 937-950.]
[9] 李芙蓉. 中国北方表土孢粉组合及其与植被和气候的关系[D]. 兰州:兰州大学,2012. [Li Furong. The surface pollen assemblages and their relationships with modern vegetation and climate in North China[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2012.]
[10] 蒋海军,胡明毅,胡忠贵,等. 西湖凹陷古近系沉积环境分析:以微体古生物化石为主要依据[J]. 岩性油气藏,2011,23(1):74-78. [Jiang Haijun, Hu Mingyi, Hu Zhonggui, et al. Sedimentary environment of Paleogene in Xihu Sag: Microfossil as the main foundation[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2011, 23(1): 74-78.]
[11] 张一勇,姜亮,李建国,等. 东海陆架西南部台北坳陷古近纪孢粉植物群的时空分布[J]. 古生物学报,2003,42(2):223-238. [Zhang Yiyong, Jiang Liang, Li Jianguo, et al. Succession and distribution of the Paleogene palynoflora in the southwestern continent shelf of the East China Sea[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2003, 42(2): 223-238.]
[12] 李守军,王明镇,郑德顺,等. 山东济阳坳陷古近纪的气候恢复[J]. 山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,22(3):6-9. [Li Shoujun, Wang Mingzhen, Zheng Deshun, et al. Recovery of climate of Palaeogene in Jiyang Depression of Shandong[J]. Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science), 2003, 22(3): 6-9.]
[13] 王曦,万晓樵,李国彪. 西藏岗巴地区古新世—始新世界线地层及底栖大有孔虫的演替[J]. 微体古生物学报,2010,27(2):109-117. [Wang Xi, Wan Xiaoqiao, Li Guobiao. Turnover of larger benthic foraminifera during the Paleocene-Eocene stratigraphic boundary in Gamba, Tibet[J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 2010, 27(2): 109-117.]
[14] 宋晓彦. 滇西北地区晚更新世以来植被演替与气候变化研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院植物研究所,2007. [Song Xiaoyan. Study on vegetation succession and climate change since Late Pleistocene in Northwest Yunnan[D]. Beijing: Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2007.]
[15] 陈瑜,倪健. 利用孢粉记录定量重建大尺度古植被格局[J]. 植物生态学报,2008,32(5):1201-1212. [Chen Yu, Ni Jian. Quantitative palaeovegetation reconstruction at large scale based on pollen records[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1201-1212.]
[16] 倪健. 孢粉生物群区化与古植被定量重建[J]. 第四纪研究,2013,33(6):1091-1100. [Ni Jian. Biomisation and quantitative palaeovegetation reconstruction[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2013, 33(6): 1091-1100.]
[17] Zachos J C, Lohmann K C, Walker J C G, et al. Abrupt climate change and transient climates during the Paleogene: A marine perspective[J]. Journal of Geology, 1993, 101(2): 191-213.
[18] 刘东生,郑绵平,郭正堂. 亚洲季风系统的起源和发展及其与两极冰盖和区域构造运动的时代耦合性[J]. 第四纪研究,1998,18(3):194-204. [Liu Tungsheng, Zheng Mianping, Guo Zhengtang. Initiation and evolution of the Asian monsoon system timely coupled with the ice-sheet growth and the tectonic movements in Asia[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1998, 18(3): 194-204.]